This document discusses the management of pervasive developmental disorder (autism). It begins with a brief history of autism from Kanner's initial description in 1943. It then describes the core characteristics and clinical presentation of autism including deficits in social behavior, communication problems, and unusual behaviors. It discusses the rising rates of autism as well as common comorbid conditions. Etiology is unknown but believed to have a biological basis. Prognosis varies but symptoms typically persist throughout life.
This document provides an introduction to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It discusses the history and definition of autism, incidence rates, potential causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation process, diagnostic criteria, and treatment approaches. The key points covered are that autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication impairments, that both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its causes, and that treatment commonly involves behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy.
This document discusses autism spectrum disorder and related conditions. It defines autism as a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. It notes the prevalence of autism, risk factors like sex and age of onset, and common signs in early childhood. The document also outlines diagnostic criteria and common comorbidities. It discusses theories of autism's causes and various treatment approaches, including applied behavior analysis, speech therapy, social skills training, and others.
Autism report- SPED (James A. Permale BSSE-III) PNU-MJames Permale
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Signs of autism begin before age 3 and typically include impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. Autism is diagnosed through comprehensive evaluation by a team of professionals using standardized criteria. While the causes are unknown, genetics and environment likely both play a role, as the risk of autism is higher in families with an already affected child.
This document discusses autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Asperger's syndrome. It notes that ASD is characterized by impaired social interaction and communication as well as repetitive behaviors. Asperger's is distinguished by less severe impairment overall and no significant language delay, though language usage is still atypical and social skills lacking. The distinction between Asperger's and autism may be removed in future diagnostic manuals. Causes are unclear but likely involve genetic, brain, and environmental factors interacting.
April 2nd is observed as World Autism Awareness Day to raise awareness for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the rights of those living with autism. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication. Symptoms typically appear during early childhood and can include issues with social skills, communication, repetitive behaviors, and sensory processing. While the causes are unknown, genetics and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Treatment focuses on therapies to improve social and communication skills.
The document discusses several types of autism spectrum disorders including Asperger's disorder, Kanner's syndrome, PDD-NOS, Rett's syndrome, and childhood disintegrative disorder. It provides key details about each disorder such as common symptoms, differences from other types of autism, and how they were discovered. Additionally, it includes a chart showing that most children with autism experience a loss of skills between 13-18 months of age, with some regression occurring after 36 months.
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and repetitive behaviors. Symptoms usually emerge by age 3 and can include lack of eye contact, difficulties making friends, intense interests, and repetitive motor movements. While autism is highly heritable, both genetic and environmental factors are suspected as causes. Available treatments aim to improve quality of life and independence, and include applied behavior analysis, speech therapy, and social skills training.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a range of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by social and communication impairments and repetitive behaviors. The document provides an overview of ASDs, including epidemiology, core features, diagnostic criteria, and common comorbidities. It summarizes that ASDs are lifelong, though early intervention improves prognosis; prevalence is increasing globally; and impairments involve social interaction, communication, and rigid/repetitive behaviors appearing in the first 3 years.
This document provides an introduction to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It discusses the history and definition of autism, incidence rates, potential causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation process, diagnostic criteria, and treatment approaches. The key points covered are that autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication impairments, that both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its causes, and that treatment commonly involves behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy.
This document discusses autism spectrum disorder and related conditions. It defines autism as a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. It notes the prevalence of autism, risk factors like sex and age of onset, and common signs in early childhood. The document also outlines diagnostic criteria and common comorbidities. It discusses theories of autism's causes and various treatment approaches, including applied behavior analysis, speech therapy, social skills training, and others.
Autism report- SPED (James A. Permale BSSE-III) PNU-MJames Permale
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Signs of autism begin before age 3 and typically include impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. Autism is diagnosed through comprehensive evaluation by a team of professionals using standardized criteria. While the causes are unknown, genetics and environment likely both play a role, as the risk of autism is higher in families with an already affected child.
This document discusses autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Asperger's syndrome. It notes that ASD is characterized by impaired social interaction and communication as well as repetitive behaviors. Asperger's is distinguished by less severe impairment overall and no significant language delay, though language usage is still atypical and social skills lacking. The distinction between Asperger's and autism may be removed in future diagnostic manuals. Causes are unclear but likely involve genetic, brain, and environmental factors interacting.
April 2nd is observed as World Autism Awareness Day to raise awareness for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the rights of those living with autism. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication. Symptoms typically appear during early childhood and can include issues with social skills, communication, repetitive behaviors, and sensory processing. While the causes are unknown, genetics and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Treatment focuses on therapies to improve social and communication skills.
The document discusses several types of autism spectrum disorders including Asperger's disorder, Kanner's syndrome, PDD-NOS, Rett's syndrome, and childhood disintegrative disorder. It provides key details about each disorder such as common symptoms, differences from other types of autism, and how they were discovered. Additionally, it includes a chart showing that most children with autism experience a loss of skills between 13-18 months of age, with some regression occurring after 36 months.
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and repetitive behaviors. Symptoms usually emerge by age 3 and can include lack of eye contact, difficulties making friends, intense interests, and repetitive motor movements. While autism is highly heritable, both genetic and environmental factors are suspected as causes. Available treatments aim to improve quality of life and independence, and include applied behavior analysis, speech therapy, and social skills training.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a range of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by social and communication impairments and repetitive behaviors. The document provides an overview of ASDs, including epidemiology, core features, diagnostic criteria, and common comorbidities. It summarizes that ASDs are lifelong, though early intervention improves prognosis; prevalence is increasing globally; and impairments involve social interaction, communication, and rigid/repetitive behaviors appearing in the first 3 years.
The document discusses autism spectrum disorder and provides information on autistic disorder. It notes that the prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders is 58.7 per 10,000 children. Autistic disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed before age 3 that involves impairments in social interaction, communication, and imagination/play. The cause is unknown but has a strong genetic component. Diagnostic criteria and clinical features of autistic disorder are provided.
This slide is part of a collection of exam revision slides from Atypical Child Development. The slides have been created by me, and based on several different research papers. The slides were created for essay exam.
Neurodevelopmental disorders: are our current diagnostic labels fit for purpose?Dorothy Bishop
Slides from a talk given at University of Western Australia on Tuesday 2nd October 2012, This lecture was co-hosted by the ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and
its Disorders and the Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Western Australia
This document discusses cognitive developmental delay and mental retardation in children. It defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behaviors. Common causes include genetic conditions like Down syndrome, environmental factors like exposure to toxins, and brain injuries. Symptoms in infants may include poor feeding and muscle tone issues, while toddlers may show delays in skills like walking, language, and self-care. Diagnosis involves developmental assessments, medical exams, and psychological testing to measure cognitive abilities. Management requires a team approach and treats any underlying medical conditions while providing family support, education/therapy programs, and community resources.
Pervasive developmental disorder are characterized by severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development: reciprocal social interaction skills, communication skills, or the presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities.
Complex developmental disability in infancy and early childhood, sign and symptom, its treatment via therapist approaches across the child's daily life
This document discusses autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It defines ASD as a lifelong developmental disability characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. The document summarizes key findings about the prevalence and diagnosis of ASD according to the DSM-IV and DSM-5. It also discusses common symptoms, screening tools, potential neurological abnormalities, motor deficits associated with ASD, and the benefits of physical activity programs for individuals with ASD.
The document provides an overview of autism, including core symptoms, diagnosis criteria, prevalence and incidence rates, potential genetic and environmental causes, prognosis with and without treatment, and evidence-based behavioral and biomedical treatment options. Key points covered include applied behavior analysis therapy, dietary interventions like gluten-free/casein-free diets, supplementing vitamins/minerals/amino acids, addressing gastrointestinal issues and potential food allergies, heavy metal detoxification, and immune system regulation.
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and restricted or repetitive behaviors. The core behaviors include impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors or severely limited interests. It is estimated that 1 in 150 children have autism, which is 4 times more common in males than females. While the exact causes are unknown, autism is generally believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors. There is no cure for autism, but therapies and behavioral interventions can help children develop skills and improve symptoms.
autism spectrum disorder-a general introduction varinder kumar
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. The causes are both genetic and environmental. Symptoms begin in early childhood and can range from mild to severe. Treatment focuses on education, behavioral therapies, medication management and developing communication and life skills.
This document provides an introduction to autism, including:
- Autism is a spectrum disorder that affects social and communication skills.
- It has increased in prevalence in recent decades according to the CDC.
- The causes are unknown but likely involve both genetic and environmental factors.
- Early diagnosis is important so supports can be provided, and screening is recommended at ages 18 and 24 months.
- Individuals with autism experience the world differently and require support, resources, acceptance, and understanding from their communities.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurological disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. The document discusses the history and diagnostic criteria of ASDs including autism, Asperger's syndrome, Rett's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Key features of ASDs include difficulties with social skills, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Diagnosis involves assessing deficits in these areas that emerge before age 3.
Autism, Asperger's and ADHD.
Lecture 3 Autistic Disorder.
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the individual Simon Bignell and not University of Derby.
This document provides an overview of an autism services training course. It includes the following:
1) The course objectives are to bust myths about autism, develop a basic understanding of autism spectrum disorder, understand the triad of impairments in autism, learn about sensory issues and autism, understand behavior analysis, and learn general autism strategies.
2) It discusses the triad of impairments in autism which are social understanding, communication, and imagination.
3) It provides statistics on autism prevalence and estimates the number of adults with autism in Leeds that may require services.
Autism is a complex brain development disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. It affects approximately 1 in 88 children in the United States, with boys being 4-5 times more likely to be diagnosed than girls. While there is no single known cause of autism, potential causes include rare genetic mutations or changes as well as environmental risk factors during or after pregnancy. Symptoms of autism include challenges with communication, repetitive behaviors, and social interaction difficulties. Treatment involves a combination of therapeutic approaches like applied behavior analysis and medication.
Autism spectrum disorders are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication. They affect about 1 in 110 children and are more common in boys. While the specific causes of autism are unknown, genetic factors are considered the most significant cause. There is no known cure for autism, though various treatments can help manage symptoms. Some successful individuals with autism include Temple Grandin and Tito Mukhopadhyay, who have advocated for autism awareness and research.
The document discusses the different types of autism spectrum disorders including Asperger's syndrome, Kanner's syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder, Rett's syndrome, and childhood disintegrative disorder. It describes the characteristics of each type, such as difficulties with social and communication skills, repetitive behaviors, and sensory processing. The causes of autism are not entirely known but are believed to involve genetic and environmental factors. While there is no cure for autism, early intervention and treatment tailored to the individual can help children develop their skills and manage symptoms.
Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects social interaction and communication. It is caused by abnormalities in brain development before or after birth. There is no single known cause and no cure, but early intervention and support can help people with autism manage their symptoms and live fulfilling lives. Diagnosis is based on symptoms which vary in severity but include difficulties with social skills, communication, and repetitive behaviors.
Dopamine pathways in the brain are implicated in schizophrenia. Hypoactivity in dopamine pathways is associated with negative and cognitive symptoms, while hyperactivity is linked to positive symptoms. Serotonin and catecholamine synthesis and degradation pathways are also involved. Dopamine levels in the mesolimbic pathway correlate with positive symptoms, while levels in the DLPFC and VMPFC regions correlate with negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction respectively.
This document discusses psychiatric emergencies from the perspective of Prof. Hani Hamed Dessoki, Chairman of the Psychiatry Department at Beni Suef University in Egypt. It covers key topics in psychiatric emergencies including evaluation challenges due to heterogeneity, importance of documentation, exclusion of organic causes, epidemiology, seasonal variations, clinical evaluation process, and management of specific emergencies like suicide, aggression/violence, catatonia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Intervention tools discussed include both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches.
The document discusses autism spectrum disorder and provides information on autistic disorder. It notes that the prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders is 58.7 per 10,000 children. Autistic disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed before age 3 that involves impairments in social interaction, communication, and imagination/play. The cause is unknown but has a strong genetic component. Diagnostic criteria and clinical features of autistic disorder are provided.
This slide is part of a collection of exam revision slides from Atypical Child Development. The slides have been created by me, and based on several different research papers. The slides were created for essay exam.
Neurodevelopmental disorders: are our current diagnostic labels fit for purpose?Dorothy Bishop
Slides from a talk given at University of Western Australia on Tuesday 2nd October 2012, This lecture was co-hosted by the ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and
its Disorders and the Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Western Australia
This document discusses cognitive developmental delay and mental retardation in children. It defines mental retardation as significantly below average intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behaviors. Common causes include genetic conditions like Down syndrome, environmental factors like exposure to toxins, and brain injuries. Symptoms in infants may include poor feeding and muscle tone issues, while toddlers may show delays in skills like walking, language, and self-care. Diagnosis involves developmental assessments, medical exams, and psychological testing to measure cognitive abilities. Management requires a team approach and treats any underlying medical conditions while providing family support, education/therapy programs, and community resources.
Pervasive developmental disorder are characterized by severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development: reciprocal social interaction skills, communication skills, or the presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities.
Complex developmental disability in infancy and early childhood, sign and symptom, its treatment via therapist approaches across the child's daily life
This document discusses autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It defines ASD as a lifelong developmental disability characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. The document summarizes key findings about the prevalence and diagnosis of ASD according to the DSM-IV and DSM-5. It also discusses common symptoms, screening tools, potential neurological abnormalities, motor deficits associated with ASD, and the benefits of physical activity programs for individuals with ASD.
The document provides an overview of autism, including core symptoms, diagnosis criteria, prevalence and incidence rates, potential genetic and environmental causes, prognosis with and without treatment, and evidence-based behavioral and biomedical treatment options. Key points covered include applied behavior analysis therapy, dietary interventions like gluten-free/casein-free diets, supplementing vitamins/minerals/amino acids, addressing gastrointestinal issues and potential food allergies, heavy metal detoxification, and immune system regulation.
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and restricted or repetitive behaviors. The core behaviors include impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors or severely limited interests. It is estimated that 1 in 150 children have autism, which is 4 times more common in males than females. While the exact causes are unknown, autism is generally believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors. There is no cure for autism, but therapies and behavioral interventions can help children develop skills and improve symptoms.
autism spectrum disorder-a general introduction varinder kumar
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. The causes are both genetic and environmental. Symptoms begin in early childhood and can range from mild to severe. Treatment focuses on education, behavioral therapies, medication management and developing communication and life skills.
This document provides an introduction to autism, including:
- Autism is a spectrum disorder that affects social and communication skills.
- It has increased in prevalence in recent decades according to the CDC.
- The causes are unknown but likely involve both genetic and environmental factors.
- Early diagnosis is important so supports can be provided, and screening is recommended at ages 18 and 24 months.
- Individuals with autism experience the world differently and require support, resources, acceptance, and understanding from their communities.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurological disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. The document discusses the history and diagnostic criteria of ASDs including autism, Asperger's syndrome, Rett's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Key features of ASDs include difficulties with social skills, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Diagnosis involves assessing deficits in these areas that emerge before age 3.
Autism, Asperger's and ADHD.
Lecture 3 Autistic Disorder.
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the individual Simon Bignell and not University of Derby.
This document provides an overview of an autism services training course. It includes the following:
1) The course objectives are to bust myths about autism, develop a basic understanding of autism spectrum disorder, understand the triad of impairments in autism, learn about sensory issues and autism, understand behavior analysis, and learn general autism strategies.
2) It discusses the triad of impairments in autism which are social understanding, communication, and imagination.
3) It provides statistics on autism prevalence and estimates the number of adults with autism in Leeds that may require services.
Autism is a complex brain development disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. It affects approximately 1 in 88 children in the United States, with boys being 4-5 times more likely to be diagnosed than girls. While there is no single known cause of autism, potential causes include rare genetic mutations or changes as well as environmental risk factors during or after pregnancy. Symptoms of autism include challenges with communication, repetitive behaviors, and social interaction difficulties. Treatment involves a combination of therapeutic approaches like applied behavior analysis and medication.
Autism spectrum disorders are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication. They affect about 1 in 110 children and are more common in boys. While the specific causes of autism are unknown, genetic factors are considered the most significant cause. There is no known cure for autism, though various treatments can help manage symptoms. Some successful individuals with autism include Temple Grandin and Tito Mukhopadhyay, who have advocated for autism awareness and research.
The document discusses the different types of autism spectrum disorders including Asperger's syndrome, Kanner's syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder, Rett's syndrome, and childhood disintegrative disorder. It describes the characteristics of each type, such as difficulties with social and communication skills, repetitive behaviors, and sensory processing. The causes of autism are not entirely known but are believed to involve genetic and environmental factors. While there is no cure for autism, early intervention and treatment tailored to the individual can help children develop their skills and manage symptoms.
Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects social interaction and communication. It is caused by abnormalities in brain development before or after birth. There is no single known cause and no cure, but early intervention and support can help people with autism manage their symptoms and live fulfilling lives. Diagnosis is based on symptoms which vary in severity but include difficulties with social skills, communication, and repetitive behaviors.
Dopamine pathways in the brain are implicated in schizophrenia. Hypoactivity in dopamine pathways is associated with negative and cognitive symptoms, while hyperactivity is linked to positive symptoms. Serotonin and catecholamine synthesis and degradation pathways are also involved. Dopamine levels in the mesolimbic pathway correlate with positive symptoms, while levels in the DLPFC and VMPFC regions correlate with negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction respectively.
This document discusses psychiatric emergencies from the perspective of Prof. Hani Hamed Dessoki, Chairman of the Psychiatry Department at Beni Suef University in Egypt. It covers key topics in psychiatric emergencies including evaluation challenges due to heterogeneity, importance of documentation, exclusion of organic causes, epidemiology, seasonal variations, clinical evaluation process, and management of specific emergencies like suicide, aggression/violence, catatonia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Intervention tools discussed include both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches.
Antidepressants can have surprising effects on animals and people. Prozac in waterways has been shown to make shrimp act erratically by increasing serotonin levels without affecting their mood. While all antidepressants have similar effectiveness, their costs can vary widely with generic versions costing much less. Antidepressants can both positively and negatively impact users' sex lives by delaying ejaculation but also potentially causing long-term sexual side effects.
Hanipsych, biology of impluse control disordersHani Hamed
1. Impulse control disorders involve repetitive behaviors that are often pleasurable but interfere with daily life. They involve dysfunction of the striatum and overlap with substance addictions.
2. Serotonin and dopamine systems are implicated in impulse control through their roles in mood, reward, and impulsivity. Genetic studies also link these neurotransmitters to impulse control.
3. Additional neurotransmitter systems involved include norepinephrine, GABA, glutamate, opioids, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response. Neuroimaging implicates the prefrontal cortex and striatum.
This document discusses recent updates on the treatment of schizophrenia. It summarizes that cognitive behavioral therapy has the strongest evidence for reducing symptoms in outpatients. It also discusses other therapies like compliance therapy and supportive therapy. Future research may explore different goals of psychotherapy like providing support, enhancing recovery, or altering the illness process. The document also summarizes that new data shows individuals with schizophrenia have an increased risk of autoimmune diseases, and that an immune system protein may be linked to late-onset schizophrenia.
Antidepressants have several surprising effects: Prozac in water makes shrimp act erratically due to increased serotonin; all antidepressants are equally effective for depression but have different costs and side effects; SSRIs can both decrease and increase libido by causing sexual dysfunction but also treating premature ejaculation; and long term sexual, bone, and cognitive side effects from SSRIs are still under investigation.
This document discusses the potential for using genetic biomarkers to improve treatment for psychiatric disorders. It notes that while the causes of psychiatric disorders are still unclear, identifying genetic markers that predict treatment response could help tailor medication selection. The document outlines several studies that have identified candidate genes associated with response to antidepressants and other psychotropic drugs. It acknowledges limitations but argues that further research in pharmacogenetics, using larger, more standardized studies, could help incorporate genetic testing into clinical practice to select safer, more effective treatments for individual patients.
This document discusses adolescent depression, including its history, scope, causes, clinical manifestations, suicide risk, and management. It notes that depression is a common and serious medical illness in adolescents, with a prevalence of 4-8% having experienced depression in the past year. Left untreated, adolescent depression can lead to suicide, which is a leading cause of death among youth. The document explores the complexities in diagnosing and treating depression in adolescents due to developmental factors and outlines approaches to assessing and managing adolescent depression.
This document discusses suicide prevention. It begins by providing statistics on suicide rates worldwide and in the US. It then discusses risk factors for suicide, including demographic, psychiatric, psychological, and childhood trauma factors. Protective factors are also outlined. The document emphasizes that most suicides can be prevented by learning to recognize warning signs and knowing how to respond. Key warning signs of suicide are listed. Myths and facts about suicide are also presented. In summary, the document aims to raise awareness about suicide and prevention efforts.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) produces measurable changes in the brain similar to those produced by medications. Brain imaging studies show CBT decreases glucose metabolism in the obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) brain to levels seen in healthy people, proportional to symptom improvement.
- Research has identified neurochemical and physiological events underlying psychotherapy's effects, such as the roles of oxytocin, arginine vasopressin, and NMDA in controlling attachment, empathy, and fear extinction. Genetic variations may predict who responds best to different psychotherapies. Integrating neurobiology with psychotherapy techniques holds promise to enhance treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.
This document discusses serotonin synthesis and degradation. It notes that tryptophan is converted to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) by tryptophan hydroxylase, and 5-HTP is then converted to serotonin by 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase. Serotonin is broken down by monoamine oxidase. It also discusses the roles of various serotonin receptors, including that 5-HT1A receptors accelerate dopamine while 5-HT2A receptors act as a brake on dopamine. Finally, it concludes that glutamate acts as an accelerator or brake on dopamine depending on the brain area, and that atypical antipsychotics can decrease dopamine in some areas through dual actions
This document summarizes a study on psychiatric symptoms among children with congenital heart disease. The study aimed to examine depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as neurocognitive deficits in children with congenital heart disease compared to controls. It found that children with congenital heart disease performed significantly worse on tests of cognitive functioning and had higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms than controls. Common psychiatric diagnoses among the children with heart disease included adjustment disorder and depression. The results suggest children with congenital heart disease are at increased risk for psychological and cognitive issues.
This document provides information on the treatment of schizophrenia including:
- Core symptoms of schizophrenia and their association with brain circuits.
- The development of antipsychotic medications from the 1930s to present, including first and second generation antipsychotics.
- Principles for individualizing treatment with antipsychotic medications to promote recovery, safety, tolerability, quality of life, and value.
- Factors to consider when choosing an antipsychotic such as treatment history, comorbidities, adherence, and demographics.
Stress can have biological impacts through activation of the sympathetic nervous system and HPA axis, releasing hormones like cortisol. Prolonged stress can accumulate as allostatic load and damage the hippocampus over time, impacting memory. Studies link stress and shorter telomeres, a marker of biological aging, showing the lasting impacts of stress on the body. Effective stress management utilizes strategies like exercise, relaxation, and social support.
This document summarizes research on psychiatric comorbidities in schizophrenia. It discusses how substance abuse, anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder commonly co-occur with schizophrenia. It also examines management of obsessive-compulsive schizophrenia, schizophrenia with depression or suicide risk, and schizophrenia comorbid with substance abuse or persistent aggressive behavior. Risk factors and treatment strategies are presented for each comorbidity.
Hani hamed dessoki, telomeres and depressionHani Hamed
A study of over 2,400 people found that those with a history of depression had significantly shorter telomeres, representing about 4 to 6 years of accelerated aging at the cellular level. Telomeres are structures at the end of chromosomes that protect DNA from damage. Shorter telomeres have been linked to aging and age-related diseases. While the study does not prove causation, depression is known to disrupt many physical systems in the body and this cellular evidence suggests psychological distress from depression may accelerate biological aging. Further research is still needed to understand the implications and potential for intervention.
Hani hamed dessoki, side effects of psychotherapyHani Hamed
This document discusses psychotherapy and its potential negative effects. It begins with an introduction to psychotherapy and definitions. It then discusses the history of recognizing potential negative effects. Several perspectives on psychotherapy are provided, including that it generally helps people but may increase anxiety initially for some. The document outlines some potential negative effects like worsening of symptoms, acquiring new symptoms, or dependency. It emphasizes the importance of informed consent in psychotherapy and discusses challenges in defining and identifying negative effects. Overall, it presents a balanced view of psychotherapy's benefits but also stresses the need for therapists to be aware of potential risks.
This document discusses selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for treating depression. It provides information on:
- The mechanism of action of SSRIs in blocking serotonin reuptake and their effects on various serotonin receptor subtypes.
- Differences between SSRIs like their selectivity, potency, side effect profiles from receptor binding, and pharmacokinetic parameters.
- Treatment goals for depression like response, remission, and functional recovery; and challenges in achieving optimal outcomes through correct diagnosis, treatment selection, compliance, and monitoring.
Autism spectrum disorders are neurological conditions characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication. The document discusses several types of autism spectrum disorders including Asperger's syndrome, classic autism, Rett's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and PDD-NOS. It provides details on symptoms, diagnostic criteria, treatment approaches, and biomedical interventions for autism spectrum disorders.
This document provides information on various topics in child psychiatry. It discusses child development, behavioral and emotional disorders that usually onset in childhood/adolescence, nocturnal enuresis, nocturnal encopresis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and stammering. It defines each condition and covers epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, course and prognosis. The document is a reference for child psychiatric conditions.
The document provides an in-depth look at Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It discusses that ASD is a complex developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of ASD has increased dramatically in recent decades. While the exact causes are unknown, research suggests genetics play a strong role, though environmental factors may also contribute. The goal of continued research is to better understand the underlying biological mechanisms of ASD.
This document discusses autism spectrum disorders and their diagnosis. It describes autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. The diagnostic criteria from the DSM-IV are outlined, including qualitative impairments in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted repetitive behaviors. The different types of pervasive developmental disorders are also listed.
Sally, a little girl, sits alone quietly rocking and humming while her classmates play. Her parents notice this unusual behavior and worry it may be more than a phase. After observing her, Sally's pediatrician decides to test her for autism since there are no medical tests to diagnose it. Autism is diagnosed through careful observation by various professionals and affects boys more than girls. While the exact causes are unknown, research links autism to biological and neurological differences in the brain.
Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski - Mental Health Issues in ASD-10.05.2019Vladimir Trajkovski
President of MSSA Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski presented this topic "Mental Health Issues in Autism Spectrum Disorders" at the mini simposyum in Voerandaal, Holland, organized by ReAttach Academy at May 10th 2019.
Pediatric schizophrenia (childhood onset schizophrenia)Zeinab EL Nagar
Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is a rare and severe mental disorder characterized by a deterioration of thinking, motor, and emotional processes in children under 18. Diagnosis is based on behaviors observed by caretakers and the same DSM criteria used for adults. COS is typically preceded by a prodromal phase involving school problems, social withdrawal, and disorganized behavior. Auditory hallucinations are a common symptom, and delusions can cause irrational actions. Successful treatment involves pharmacology, psychosocial interventions, and psychoeducation to help patients and families understand the illness. Prognosis is generally poorer the earlier onset occurs but can be better if intelligence was higher premorbidly and family cooperates with treatment.
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and restricted or repetitive behaviors. It is diagnosed based on criteria from the DSM-IV and involves assessments of behavior, development, IQ, speech and occupational therapy. While its causes are unclear, autism tends to be genetic and can be triggered by environmental factors. Treatments include behavioral training, speech therapy, occupational therapy and sometimes medications to treat related conditions like anxiety. With early intervention and proper support, those with autism can often develop skills to lead independent lives.
Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski: Autism and mental health-2010Vladimir Trajkovski
Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski ja prezentirashe temata: "Autism and mental health" na letnata shkola vo Ohrid na 18 avgust 2010 godina. Prezentacijata e na angliski jazik.
Schizophrenia is a group of biological disorders that produce impairments in thinking, learning, and relationships. It affects around 1% of the population and often begins in late adolescence or early adulthood. While there is no known cure, treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Biological factors like genetics and brain abnormalities are involved in schizophrenia, as are psychological and social factors. Medications are effective in reducing positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, while psychosocial therapies also play an important role in treatment and recovery.
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication skills, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. It typically emerges in the first 3 years of life. Males are diagnosed with autism 3-7 times more often than females. While its exact causes are unknown, autism is considered to have a strong genetic component. Diagnosis involves assessing social, communication and behavioral criteria. Treatments aim to improve core symptoms and functions through educational, behavioral and medical interventions.
The document provides an overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), discussing its history and characteristics. It notes that in 1943, Kanner and Asperger separately observed children with apathetic behaviors toward family and odd repetitive movements, laying the foundation for what became known as ASD. ASD is characterized by deficits in social skills, communication, and repetitive behaviors. While prevalence varies, about 1% of the general population is estimated to be diagnosed with ASD. The disorder has a detrimental effect on society, particularly the educational system due to specialized care needs. Prior to the current classification, ASD encompassed separate diagnoses that are now considered part of the autism spectrum.
"Psychosis in Youth"
Portland, Maine; March 30, 2004
Psychiatry Grand Rounds at Maine Medical Center
*Learn clinical assessment of psychosis in youth
*Learn neurobiology of psychosis
*Learn course and prognosis of psychosis
*Learn treatment of psychosis in youth
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are severe neurodevelopmental conditions caused by atypical brain development beginning in early life. Signs of ASDs typically emerge between 12-18 months of age and involve qualitative abnormalities in social interactions and communication as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors. While the causes of ASDs remain largely unknown, genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Early diagnosis and intervention can help improve core symptoms, though outcomes vary significantly between individuals.
The document discusses trauma in childhood and its effects. It notes that PTSD in children is often underdiagnosed, and children may receive multiple incorrect diagnoses before an accurate one of PTSD. Trauma in childhood can impact brain development and lead to issues with attention, hyperactivity, aggression, and oppositional behavior. The document outlines symptoms of PTSD in early childhood, school age children, and teenagers. It discusses the two main types of dysregulation—hyperactivation and hypoactivation—that can result from trauma. Building resilience and social support are important factors in recovering from childhood trauma.
The document discusses guidelines and best practices for psychiatrists working with media. It emphasizes the importance of ethics, competence, informed consent, and maintaining confidentiality. Psychiatrists should carefully consider their level of expertise on topics, have control over the final published product, and avoid potential harms when engaging with media. The well-being of patients should be the top priority.
The document discusses guidelines and best practices for psychiatrists working with media. It emphasizes the importance of ethics and maintaining professional standards when sharing expertise publicly. Psychiatrists should carefully consider their competence on topics, respect clients' confidentiality, and clarify whether they are offering personal opinions or speaking in an official capacity. When interacting with media, priorities include preparing thoroughly, understanding the purpose and format, and retaining appropriate control over how professional views are presented.
Transcranial ultrasound (TCS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that uses ultrasound waves to visualize deep brain structures through the intact skull. TCS has emerged as a useful tool in psychiatry, with several studies finding characteristic alterations in brain structures in various psychiatric disorders. In depression, TCS often finds reduced echogenicity or interruptions in the brainstem raphe. Studies of bipolar disorder have found both increased third ventricle width and hypoechogenicity of the brainstem raphe. TCS research in other areas such as OCD, panic disorders, and schizophrenia has also identified potential biomarkers related to changes in structures like the caudate nucleus and substantia nigra.
Transcranial ultrasound (TCS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that uses ultrasound waves to visualize deep brain structures through the intact skull. TCS has emerged as a useful tool in psychiatry, with several studies finding characteristic alterations in brain structures in various psychiatric disorders. In depression, TCS often finds reduced echogenicity or interruptions in the brainstem raphe. Studies of bipolar disorder have found both increased third ventricle width and hypoechogenicity of the brainstem raphe. TCS research in other areas such as OCD, panic disorders, and schizophrenia has also identified potential biomarkers related to changes in structures like the caudate nucleus and substantia nigra.
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This document provides an update on antipsychotic medications from Prof. Hani Hamed Dessoki. It discusses oral and long-acting injectable second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) including two new products, Vraylar and Nuplazid. It also mentions guidelines for antipsychotic use in dementia and a new boxed warning for olanzapine regarding DRESS syndrome. Product and guideline updates are provided at the end.
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Hanipsych, aripiprazole as antidepressantHani Hamed
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Major depressive disorder affects around 300 million individuals worldwide and is a significant public health concern. While SSRIs are usually first-line treatment, many patients do not respond or have intolerable side effects. Novel antidepressants target multiple neurotransmitter systems and have improved efficacy and tolerability profiles. Vilazodone, vortioxetine, and levomilnacipran are newer antidepressants approved for treatment of MDD. Ketamine, psilocybin, and transcranial magnetic stimulation show promise but require more research before being widely adopted.
Oxytocin is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus that is involved in social behaviors. It modulates areas of the brain related to social cognition and stress response. Alterations in the oxytocin system have been implicated in several psychiatric disorders characterized by impaired social functioning, such as autism, schizophrenia, and borderline personality disorder. Early studies suggest oxytocin may help treat social deficits in autism, but its potential as a treatment for other disorders requires more research. Overall, oxytocin appears to play a role in social behaviors and stress response, and understanding its actions in the brain could provide insights into related psychiatric conditions.
Hanipsych, antipsychotics and antidepressants actionHani Hamed
Antipsychotics have long been used as an adjunct treatment for depressive disorders. Only 60-70% of patients respond to antidepressants alone. Adding an antipsychotic can target multiple receptor systems and may improve outcomes. Second-generation antipsychotics are now preferred due to their safer side effect profiles. Several atypical antipsychotics have been approved to treat depressive disorders based on evidence they provide antidepressant effects. Their mechanisms of action are not fully understood but may involve influencing serotonin and dopamine pathways in areas involved in mood regulation.
Hanipsych,, biology of borderline personality disorderHani Hamed
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The document discusses bipolar disorder and provides an agenda for the topics that will be covered, which include the epidemiology, costs, and hidden forms of bipolar disorder. It is presented by several professors of psychiatry and addresses objectives like understanding subtle and special population presentations of bipolar disorder as well as treatment guidelines. Bipolar disorder is a chronic and disabling condition that is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late. Accurately diagnosing and treating it can be challenging.
2. Management of Pervasive
Developmental Disorder
Prof. Hani Hamed Dessoki,Prof. Hani Hamed Dessoki,
M.D.PsychiatryM.D.Psychiatry
Prof. PsychiatryProf. Psychiatry
Chairman of Psychiatry DepartmentChairman of Psychiatry Department
Beni Suef UniversityBeni Suef University
APA memberAPA member
3. DisclosureDisclosure
NO relevant financial relationships with aNO relevant financial relationships with a
commercial interest.commercial interest.
4. AUTISMAUTISM
Autism is a brain disorder that impairsAutism is a brain disorder that impairs
a person’s ability to communicate, forma person’s ability to communicate, form
relationships, socially interact, andrelationships, socially interact, and
respond appropriately within a givenrespond appropriately within a given
environmentenvironment..
5. From kanner to theFrom kanner to the
MillenniumMillennium
In 1943, Leo Kanner published his paper on autismIn 1943, Leo Kanner published his paper on autism
He clearly described 11 childrenHe clearly described 11 children
socially isolatedsocially isolated
autistic disturbances of affective contactautistic disturbances of affective contact
impaired communicationimpaired communication
behavioral inflexibilitybehavioral inflexibility
It is congenital disease, runs in familiesIt is congenital disease, runs in families
It is rare diseaseIt is rare disease
More in males, higher social classesMore in males, higher social classes
6. CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS
MayMay avoidavoid eye contacteye contact
May appear or respond as ifMay appear or respond as if deafdeaf
MayMay lack awarenesslack awareness of the existence feelings ofof the existence feelings of
othersothers
Can be physicallyCan be physically aggressiveaggressive or have outburstsor have outbursts
when familiar environment or routine is changedwhen familiar environment or routine is changed
Can remainCan remain fixated on single activityfixated on single activity or objector object
May engage in strange actions such asMay engage in strange actions such as handhand
flapping, or rocking.flapping, or rocking.
7. IncidenceIncidence
10 years ago Autism and PDD occurred in approximately 510 years ago Autism and PDD occurred in approximately 5
to 15 per 10,000 births.to 15 per 10,000 births.
These disorders were four times more common in boysThese disorders were four times more common in boys
than girls.than girls.
8. Why rising rate of autismWhy rising rate of autism??
Partly due to better
awareness/diagnosis.
So, primary reason is most likely
increased exposure to
environmental factors (mercury,
antibiotics, MMR, pesticides,
iodine deficiency)
9. Autism is a spectrum disorderAutism is a spectrum disorder
Symptoms less classicSymptoms less classic
Range of potential manifestation : severelyRange of potential manifestation : severely
handicapped to subtle symptoms with minimalhandicapped to subtle symptoms with minimal
disabilitydisability
High functioning & Asperger syndromeHigh functioning & Asperger syndrome
Autistic featuresAutistic features
11. Parental Concerns
(Wiggins, Baio, Rice, 2006(
Recent study indicated most children
with an ASD diagnosis had signs of
a developmental problem before the
age of 3, but average age of
diagnosis was 5 years.
12. Clinical pictureClinical picture
Deficits in social behaviorDeficits in social behavior
Problems in communicationProblems in communication
Unusual pattern of behaviorUnusual pattern of behavior
13. Deficits in social behaviorDeficits in social behavior
Central symptom (core symptom)Central symptom (core symptom)
No eye contactNo eye contact
No interest of human voiceNo interest of human voice
No anticipatory postureNo anticipatory posture
Decrease facial responsivenessDecrease facial responsiveness
No bondingNo bonding
No social reference, Showing, shared attentionNo social reference, Showing, shared attention
& affect& affect
No separation anxietyNo separation anxiety
14. Problems in communicationProblems in communication
Non verbal communicationNon verbal communication
Understanding of speechUnderstanding of speech
Speech developmentSpeech development
15. Non verbal communicationNon verbal communication
Infant: crying & screamingInfant: crying & screaming
Pulling adult (no appropriate facial expression)Pulling adult (no appropriate facial expression)
No nodding & shakingNo nodding & shaking
No imitative gamesNo imitative games
No copy of adult behaviorNo copy of adult behavior
Imitative play skill: stereotyped, repetitive, based onImitative play skill: stereotyped, repetitive, based on
their own experiencetheir own experience
Extreme of emotions or expressionless most of theExtreme of emotions or expressionless most of the
timetime
16. Speech developmentSpeech development
Babble (impaired amount )Babble (impaired amount )
MuteMute
EcholaliaEcholalia
Pronouns reversalPronouns reversal
Monotonous, robot, no change of emphasis orMonotonous, robot, no change of emphasis or
emotional expressionemotional expression
Impaired function of speech: stereotypedImpaired function of speech: stereotyped
phrases (cartoon), lack imagination &phrases (cartoon), lack imagination &
abstractionabstraction
Lack of to-and-froLack of to-and-fro
17. Unusual pattern of behaviorUnusual pattern of behavior
Resistance to changeResistance to change
Ritualistic or compulsive behaviorRitualistic or compulsive behavior
Abnormal attachment to odd objectsAbnormal attachment to odd objects
Unusual response to sensory experiencesUnusual response to sensory experiences
Objects are manipulated without regard of theirObjects are manipulated without regard of their
usual functionsusual functions
Preoccupations of certain featuresPreoccupations of certain features
18. Associated featuresAssociated features
Disturbance of motilityDisturbance of motility
Delay motor developmental milestonesDelay motor developmental milestones
Impaired motor coordinationImpaired motor coordination
Stereotyped movementsStereotyped movements
19. Intelligence & cognitive deficitsIntelligence & cognitive deficits
40-60% IQ less than 5040-60% IQ less than 50
20-30 % IQ above 7020-30 % IQ above 70
Areas of normal or near normal skillsAreas of normal or near normal skills
Verbal IQ lower than performance IQVerbal IQ lower than performance IQ
AspergerAsperger’’s disorders disorder
Better verbal than performance IQBetter verbal than performance IQ
21. Why it is difficult to diagnoseWhy it is difficult to diagnose??????
Cognitive limitationsCognitive limitations
Diminished ability to think abstractlyDiminished ability to think abstractly
Lack of communication skillsLack of communication skills
Symptoms not classicSymptoms not classic
Unawareness & inability to describe internalUnawareness & inability to describe internal
statestate (interview & questionnaire ineffective)(interview & questionnaire ineffective)
Lack of social relatedness & motivation toLack of social relatedness & motivation to
report symptomsreport symptoms
22. EtiologyEtiology
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a biologicalAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a biological
basis , no definite causebasis , no definite cause
Cortical dysfunctionCortical dysfunction
Neurotransmitters dysfunctionsNeurotransmitters dysfunctions
Vaccination factorVaccination factor
Food allergyFood allergy
Antibiotic overuseAntibiotic overuse
Toxic exposure theoryToxic exposure theory
Immune diseaseImmune disease
23. Mædica - a Journal of Clinical Medicine
ORIGINAL PAPERS
Maedica A Journal of Clinical Medicine, Volume 7 No.1 2012
Toxic Metals and Essential Elements in Hair
and Severity of Symptoms among Children
with Autism
Eleonor BLAUCOK-BUSCHa; Omnia R. AMINb; Hani H. DESSOKIc; Thanaa
RABAHd
a Lecturer, researcher and advisor, International Board of Clinical Metal
Toxicology & German Medical Association of Clinical Metal Toxicology,
Hersbruck, Germany
b Associate Prof. of Psychiatry, Cairo University, Egypt
c Associate Prof. of Psychiatry- Beni-Suef University, Egypt
d Researcher of Public Health and Biostatistics, National Research Center,
Egypt
24. Vaccines and Autism
No reliable study has
shown a link between
the MMR vaccine and
autism
Avoiding vaccines
can place your child
at risk for catching
serious diseases
25. Clinical course &Clinical course &
prognosisprognosis
The diagnosis of autism is stableThe diagnosis of autism is stable
The outcome in school, work, or socialThe outcome in school, work, or social
functioning variedfunctioning varied
Symptoms persist but changeSymptoms persist but change
AdolescenceAdolescence
hyperactivity---- underactivityhyperactivity---- underactivity
Increase anxiety & attentionIncrease anxiety & attention
Increase sexual curiosity (masturbation in publicIncrease sexual curiosity (masturbation in public
places)places)
26. Minority can have independent lifeMinority can have independent life
AspergerAsperger’’s disorders disorder
Better outcome as regard education, occupation,Better outcome as regard education, occupation,
marriage, need for institution, autonomymarriage, need for institution, autonomy
More aggression & sexual offensesMore aggression & sexual offenses
27. Comorbid psychiatric disordersComorbid psychiatric disorders
Other psychiatric symptoms are commonOther psychiatric symptoms are common
Subsyndromal or comorbid diagnosisSubsyndromal or comorbid diagnosis
Important for management planImportant for management plan
29. Differential diagnosisDifferential diagnosis
General mental retardationGeneral mental retardation
Developmental language disorderDevelopmental language disorder
OCDOCD
Sensory impairmentSensory impairment
Selective mutismSelective mutism
Psychosocial deprivationPsychosocial deprivation
30. Assessment, WhatAssessment, What??
Autistic symptomsAutistic symptoms
Level of intellectual abilityLevel of intellectual ability
Language development (expressive & receptive)Language development (expressive & receptive)
Learning styleLearning style
Neuropsychological strength & weaknessNeuropsychological strength & weakness
Adaptive functioningAdaptive functioning
Family systemFamily system
Financial resourcesFinancial resources
Behavioral problemsBehavioral problems
Other psychiatric symptomsOther psychiatric symptoms
Other medical condition (epilepsy)Other medical condition (epilepsy)
31. TreatmentTreatment
No cure for autismNo cure for autism –– no cause is knownno cause is known
ComprehensiveComprehensive
MultidisciplinaryMultidisciplinary
Individualized (heterogeneous group+ differentIndividualized (heterogeneous group+ different
goals)goals)
Updated according to needsUpdated according to needs
32. ASD Management
Outcomes are variable
Behavioral characteristics change over time
Most remain on spectrum as adults
Ongoing problems with independent living,
employment, social relationships and mental
health
Predictors of better outcome
Earlier age of diagnosis and treatment
No cognitive impairment
Early language and nonverbal skills
Social skills
Not – presence, degree of “autistic” symptoms
33. Treatment
Goals
Minimize core features and associated deficits
Maximize functional independence and QOL
Alleviate family stress
Educational intervention
Developmental Therapies
Communication
Sensory, fine motor, gross motor
Behaviorally Based treatments
Core and associated symptoms
Social skills
Medical or biologic treatments
Support family in home and community
34. Speech/Language Therapy
Behaviorally based/ intensive structured teaching
E.g., Verbal Behavior
Augmentative strategies
Sign language
Aided augmentative/ alternative systems
Decrease non-communicative language
Developmental-pragmatic approaches
appropriate use of language in social situations
Social skills training
35. Developmental: Motor
Fine motor coordination
Adaptive skills
Sensory Integration
Addresses sensory
abnormalities
“Systematic
desensitization”
No evidence of
corresponding
neurological changes
Coordination
difficulties
Natural environment
Adaptive physical
education or in the
community
36. Psychopharmacology
Adjunct to educational,
developmental &
behavioral treatments
So far no evidence of
impact on core
symptoms
Evidence supporting is
variable
Treat target symptoms
Stereotypies
Withdrawal
Obsessions
Irritability
Hyperactivity
attention span
self-injurious behavior
Aggression
sleep
41. Strategies to Improve ExecutiveStrategies to Improve Executive
FunctionFunction
Simplify tasks into discrete, concrete steps.Simplify tasks into discrete, concrete steps.
Usual visual aids (pictures, schedules, check-off lists.)Usual visual aids (pictures, schedules, check-off lists.)
Use hand’s on learning (see one, do one, repeat as necessary.)Use hand’s on learning (see one, do one, repeat as necessary.)
Prepare for transitions and new experiences.Prepare for transitions and new experiences.
Decrease distractions.Decrease distractions.
Decrease stressors.Decrease stressors.
Coordinate assignments.Coordinate assignments.
Make sure challenges are a good match for abilities.Make sure challenges are a good match for abilities.
42. Non pharmacologicalNon pharmacological
Educational interventionEducational intervention
Language & speech therapyLanguage & speech therapy
Behavioral therapyBehavioral therapy
Social skills trainingSocial skills training
Working with the parentsWorking with the parents
Sensiomotor therapySensiomotor therapy
Sensory integration therapySensory integration therapy
Auditory integration therapyAuditory integration therapy
Music therapyMusic therapy
43. Language & speech therapyLanguage & speech therapy
Stimulate the natural ability for learning languageStimulate the natural ability for learning language
One to oneOne to one
2-3 hours/week every day2-3 hours/week every day
Involvement of parents : generalizationInvolvement of parents : generalization
44. Social skills trainingSocial skills training
Identify skill , broke it into several componentsIdentify skill , broke it into several components
Recognize social cuesRecognize social cues
Response to social cuesResponse to social cues
encourage generalizationencourage generalization
Role modelingRole modeling
Role playRole play
VideoVideo
Social storiesSocial stories
Group (well structured) or individualGroup (well structured) or individual
Adult mediated or peer mediatedAdult mediated or peer mediated
45. Behavior therapyBehavior therapy
Change of unwanted behaviorChange of unwanted behavior
Select the target behaviorSelect the target behavior
Frequency, intensityFrequency, intensity
definable, measurable, observabledefinable, measurable, observable (hit self with hand, get frustrated when asked to(hit self with hand, get frustrated when asked to
complete work)complete work)
Antecedent event & consequenceAntecedent event & consequence (attention, self stimulation)(attention, self stimulation)
Understand the communicative functions of difficult behaviorUnderstand the communicative functions of difficult behavior
What to do instead?What to do instead?
Positive reinforcementPositive reinforcement
Prevent the behavior by changing the antecedent eventPrevent the behavior by changing the antecedent event
(scheduling activities)(scheduling activities)
46. Take Home MessageTake Home Message
It is very important establish a set of evidence-
based standards for pharmacological,
educational and behavioral interventions for
children with autism spectrum disorders.