- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) produces measurable changes in the brain similar to those produced by medications. Brain imaging studies show CBT decreases glucose metabolism in the obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) brain to levels seen in healthy people, proportional to symptom improvement.
- Research has identified neurochemical and physiological events underlying psychotherapy's effects, such as the roles of oxytocin, arginine vasopressin, and NMDA in controlling attachment, empathy, and fear extinction. Genetic variations may predict who responds best to different psychotherapies. Integrating neurobiology with psychotherapy techniques holds promise to enhance treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.
Psychotherapy the biological dimensionismail sadek
is it real word can affect your brain?
many people say not and don't believe that the psychotherapy change not only our behavior but also it can change the brain structure
Psychotherapy the biological dimensionismail sadek
is it real word can affect your brain?
many people say not and don't believe that the psychotherapy change not only our behavior but also it can change the brain structure
What is biofeedback therapy and who can benefit? Biofeedback therapy is a non-drug treatment in which patients learn to control bodily processes that are normally involuntary, such as muscle tension, blood pressure, or heart rate........
Meditation as Medication Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Long Version)Daryush Parvinbenam
Meditation as Medication Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Long Version)
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.Ed., M.A., LPCCS, LICDC
Appleseed Community Mental Health Center
R.S.V.P Conference
Sept 29, 2010
Mood disorder characterized by disturbance of mood. it includes mania or depressive syndrome. it includes definition, causes, sign and symptoms, treatment and nursing diagnosis etc.
What is biofeedback therapy and who can benefit? Biofeedback therapy is a non-drug treatment in which patients learn to control bodily processes that are normally involuntary, such as muscle tension, blood pressure, or heart rate........
Meditation as Medication Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Long Version)Daryush Parvinbenam
Meditation as Medication Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Long Version)
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.Ed., M.A., LPCCS, LICDC
Appleseed Community Mental Health Center
R.S.V.P Conference
Sept 29, 2010
Mood disorder characterized by disturbance of mood. it includes mania or depressive syndrome. it includes definition, causes, sign and symptoms, treatment and nursing diagnosis etc.
Psychology - Understanding of human bhehaviourmohitschool26
psychology is a very vast topic, understanding behaviour of humans and animals is psychology, understanding of feeling like why i an feeling this what an i thinking and soo on.
Psychiatric Complications of Puerperium.pptxSalimKun
Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Epidemiology
3. Risk factor
4. Pathophysiology
5. Clinical features
6. Investigation
7. Management
8. References
-------------------------------------------
1. Introduction
The puerperium is the period of time after childbirth, usually lasting six weeks, during which the mother’s body returns to its pre-pregnant state.
It is a time of physical and emotional adjustment, and some women may experience psychiatric complications such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychosis, or post-traumatic stress disorder.
-----------------------------------
Learn how the mind and body axis work to gather in health and disease; particularly how negative mental patterns, thoughts and emotions are linked to various human ailments from acne to AIDS and from common cold to cancer.
Depression (also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression) is a common but serious mood disorder. It causes severe symptoms that affect how we feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working.
Depression is a common illness worldwide, with an estimated 3.8% of the population affected, including 5.0% among adults and 5.7% among adults older than 60 years. Approximately 280 million people in the world have depression
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Hanipsych, biology of psychotherapy
1.
2. Biology of Psychotherapy
Prof. Hani Hamed Dessoki, M.D.Psychiatry
Prof. Psychiatry,
Beni Suef University
Acting Dean, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences
Beni Suef University
Supervisor of Psychiatry Department,
El-Fayoum University
4. Psychotherapy (Chapter 19)
First Lecture Outline:
History of psychotherapy
Psychotherapy approaches
Foundations of counselling
Video 101: Psychodynnamics
5. Meaning of
psychotherapy
• “A form of treatment for problems of an emotional
nature in which a trained person deliberately
establishes a professional relationship with a Patient
with the object of removing, modifying a retarding
existing symptoms of mediating disturbed patterns of
behavior and of promoting positive personality
growth and development”.
6. Jose Pons Madera, Ph.D. Director -
Psy.D. Program Ponce School of
Medicine Tel 844-5209
7. The therapist:
a trained person help to solve this type of
disturbance.
Empathy, unconditioned positive regard,
understanding, etc.
9. Goals of Psychotherapy
To change the maladaptive behavior of client,
To develop the interpersonal relationship,
To reduce inner conflict & personal tension,
To remove factors that maintain abnormalities,
To help to make adjustment with realities,
Development of self-identity & self-insight,
To facilitate the expressions of emotions,
Modifying the cognitive structure,
Facilitating decision-making.
11. What is a clinical interview?
• Psychotherapy involves talking to people
• Structured and unstructured interviews
• Model of psychotherapy directs attention of
interview
– Psychodynamic: Focus on early experiences
– Behavioral: Focus on symptoms, ABC’s
– Cognitive: Questions about specific thought
patterns
– Humanistic: Unconditional positive regard
12. Historical background:
Beliefs and treatment of the mentally ill
Greek physician Hippocrates (ca. 400BC)
promoted humane treatment. Tx based on
healing powers of nature: Mentally ill patients
were placed in pleasant surroundings and
given soothing baths.
Lack of balance between positive and negative
energies
Illness attributed to a disturbance in the
balance of bodily fluids (humorism).
Humour Season Organ Ancient name Modern MBTI Ancient characteristics
Blood spring liver sanguine artisan SP courageous, hopeful, amorous
Yellow bile summer spleen choleric idealist NF easily angered, bad tempered
Black bile autumn gall bladder melancholic guardian SJ despondent, sleepless, irritable
Phlegm winter brain/lungs phlegmatic rational NT calm, unemotional
13. What is Body Psychotherapy ?
Body-Psychotherapy is …
a scientifically validated, legitimate mainstream,
branch of psychotherapy, which historically
predates Psychoanalysis and Freud.
Body-Psychotherapy is …
an ethical and theoretically coherent
method of professional practice
for relieving emotional and mental distress
and for encouraging human growth.
and awareness..
14. Even more about Body-Psychotherapy
Body-Psychotherapy involves a developmental model;
a theory of personality; hypotheses as to the
origins of disturbances and significant alterations
to the human psyche; as well as a rich variety
of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques …
all used within the framework
of the therapeutic relationship.
16. Psychoneuroimmunology
• “Investigation of the bidirectional linkages between the
CNS, the endocrine system, and the immune system, and
the clinical implications of these linkages.”
• There are clear connections between the physiology that
underlies our emotional states and the immune system:
– direct neural connections
– Endocrine connections
• A matter of regulation correcting under and over
activation
17. Functions of the Immune system
• Discriminate self from foreign matter
• Destruction and clearance of foreign
substances
– Virus, bacteria, toxins that might enter body,
altered self (tumor cells)
• Ignore self - don’t destroy normal cells
• However:
• Autoimmune disease: system attacks itself
– GI and Joints (rheumatoid arthritis),
18. Key players of Immune sytem
• White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
– Polymorphonuclear granulocytes
• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophils
– Lymphocytes develop in lymph nodes
• T,
• Helper- T
• B
• Natural Killer (NK) cells
– Monocytes – e.g. macrophages , dendritic cells
19. Where are they?
• Lymph nodes and vessels
• Bone morrow
• Thymus (T-cells)
• Spleen
• GI tract – to attack food borne pathogens
• Respiratory tract – for air borne pathogens
20. How can psychological events affect the
immune system?
• Classical Conditioning
• Activation of the HPA axis – cortisol secretion
• Activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System
- NE
21. “If you constantly mobilize energy, You
never store it; Your muscles waste
away; Your vascular system is under
constant pressure; and constant
Cortisol production turns off growth
factors and can harm every system
in the body…”
stress
22. Stress affects on Immune System
• HPA axis and cortisol (anti-inflammation)
• Stress causes dysregulated cortisol response
– Produces too much or too little
– Short term stressor – raises it
• Long term and long past stresses might result in
too low of cortisol – no inflammation suppression
– Flattens out the diurnal cycle of cortisol production
• Depressed pts. Have blunted cortisol effect –
don’t produce enough.
23. If stress causes Cortisol to be levels high:
• Inversely related to # of lymphocytes in blood
• Impairs immune function by
– decreasing IL-2
– Kills WBC
– Decreases tumor necrosis factor
– Decreases inflammation response
24. Stress effects
• Lab stressors (mental arithmetic) that causes NE
surges, increases NK cell activity. Short run
– Give beta blocker and effects is eliminated
• Other longer term stressors including exam
stress:
– Suppresses lymphocyte production (
• T-cell production
NK cell function
– “ production of interferon
– Reactivates latent viruses – herpes
– Lower antibody response to vaccinations
25. Anti-Inflammatory cytokines (IL-10,)
• Cytokines are regulators of host responses to
infection, immune responses, inflammation,
and trauma.
– Some cytokines act to make disease worse over
time (proinflammatory), whereas others serve to
– reduce inflammation and promote healing (anti-
inflammatory).
26. Stress and inflammations:
• Brief stressors increase pro-inflammatory
cytokines that can maintain a long term
inflammation response
• Stressors can lead to long term systemic
inflammatory responses
• BUT: does not mean that all systematic
inflammatons are due to psychological or
environmental stressors
27. Changing the Stress Response:
Protective Factors & Resiliency
(psychotherapy outcome)
• Feeling some degree of internal control;
• Exerting some control over your environment;
• Increasing your level of information and awareness;
• Changing your thoughts and perceptions;
• Shifting from mindless (unconscious) reaction to
mindful recognition;
• Creative solution-focused problem-solving;
• Support from others in our socio-familial environment;
• Not living alone !!
28. The Neuroscience of Empathy Fatigue: Our
Emotional Brain
• There are discrete, basic, and universal emotions that
persons react to on a M-B-S level;
• Emotions involve different body systems which arouse
our parasympathetic and sympathetic system;
• Chronic activation of the nervous system (stress
response) has both a physiological and emotional cost;
• 80% of all physical illness is cause by stress (Kabit-Zinn,
1990; Sapolsky, 1998; Selye, 1976; Weil, 1995)
29. Biology of Psychotherapy
• Yet growing evidence frombrain imaging
research suggests that the form of therapy
known as cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT,
produces changes in the brain similar to those
produced by medications when they work.
• This "proof" of how a person's brain can be
transformed by therapy.
• Psychological interventions can profoundly
change a person's symptoms.
30. • Cognitive behavioral therapy emphasizes the role
our thoughts play in how we feel.
• Even if stressful external situations don't change,
changing how we think about them can prevent a
negative emotional response such as depression.
• The therapist's role is to help patients be more
rational in their assessment of such situations
and not make unwarranted worst-case-scenario
assumptions about them.
31. • It is a time-limited therapy that involves
active collaboration between patient and
therapist.
• Psychiatric conditions from depression
to panic disorder may benefit from CBT, but it
is research into its role in the treatment
of obsessive-compulsive disorder that has
yielded the most fascinating results.
32. • In a study that compared CBT to Prozac, researchers used a
brain-scanning technique called positron emission
tomography (PET) to measure the rate of glucose
metabolism in the OCD brain after Prozac treatment alone
and after therapy treatment alone.
• The results were essentially identical: both interventions
decreased the rate of glucose metabolism to levels seen in
healthy people without OCD, and the rate of the decrease
seemed proportional to the degree of improvement in their
OCD symptoms.
• Studies like this make CBT look like a biological treatment
similar to medications because it, too, can be seen to work
on the brain in ways that are objective and measurable.
And it's free of side effects.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38. • Scientists have discovered several neurochemical and physiological events
underlying the three pillars of psychotherapy (attachment, empathy, and
fear extinction).
• Oxytocin, arginine vasopressin and the mu-opioid receptor all play a role
in controlling attachment.
• While receptor genes for oxytocin and the arginine receptor, as well as
activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and superior temporal sulcus
regulate empathy.
• Fear extinction appears regulated by the neurotransmitter NMDA, and
activity in the hippocampus, amygdala, and other brain regions.
• Antagonists (or agonists) of neurotransmitters may help enhance the
effects of psychotherapy, researchers speculate.
39. Biological marker
• A British and Australian study of
children receiving psychotherapy for anxiety
disorders responded differently to the therapy,
depending upon the allele of a serotonin
transporter gene promoter they carried.
• Children with one genotype (the “short short”
variety of the promoter) were significantly more
responsive to behavioral therapy than those with
another, “long” version.
40. • Studies have prompted biologists and
psychologists to look at whether genetic
variation and environmental influences can
provide biomarkers of a sort, predicting
whether a certain psychotherapy technique
could be effective.
41. • Psychotherapy could be enhanced by
combining “talk therapy” techniques with
drugs, genetic testing, and other
neurobiological tools to treat mood, anxiety,
or other psychological disorders.
• There’s even a new name for this new field:
“therapygenetics.”