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Haemorrhoidppt
- 1. “Haemorrhoids, anorectal abscess,anal fissure, anal fistula, parasitic infection, helminthic infection, food poisoning, malabsorption syndrome” PRESENTED BY SANATHOI PHIJAM 1ST YEAR M.SC NURSING
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- 4. DEFINITION OF HAEMORRHOID Haemorrhoidsare dilated haemorrhoidal veins. They may be internal (occurring above the internal sphincter) or external (occurring outside the external sphincter
- 5. CLINICAL FEATURES •bleeding, • analpruritus, •prolapsed •pain
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- 12. GRADE Grade I: Noprolapse, just prominent blood vessels Grade II: Prolapse upon bearing down, but spontaneous reduction Grade III: Prolapse upon bearing down requiring manual reduction Grade IV: Prolapse with inability to be manually reduced.
- 13. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT • Excisionalhemorrhoidectomy • Doppler-guided, transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization • Stapled hemorrhoidectomy
- 15. DEFINITION OF ANORECTAL ABSCESS Itis the infection in the pararectal spaces. Persons with regional enteritis and other immunodeficient states such as Aids are particularly susceptible to this infections. Many of these abscesses will result in fistula
- 16. CLINICAL FEATURES An abscessoccurs in a variety of spaces and around the rectum. Often it contains a quantity of foul smelling pus and is very painful. If the abscess is superficial, swelling, redness and tenderness are observed. A deeper abscess may result in toxic symptoms and even lower abdominal pain. Fever.
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- 18. DEFINITION An anal fistulais tiny, tuberous, fibrous tract that extend into the anal canal from an opening beside the anus. Fistula usually results from an infection. This may be developed from trauma, fissures or regional enteritis
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- 21. DEFINITION •An anal fissureis a longitudinal tear in the anal canal.
- 22. CLINICAL FEATURES • Themost pronounced symptoms is extreme pain during defication. • Burning • Bleeding
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- 24. HELMINTHIC INFECTION SOME OFTHEM ARE ASCARIASIS TRICHINOSIS HOOKWORM
- 26. Definition •It is theinfection caused by nematode ascaris lumbricoides (intestinal roundworms)
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- 31. TRICHINONIS It is theinfestation by the parasite trichinella spiralis, one of the roundworms. It is acquired by ingestion of infected meat usually pork
- 32. Trichinella spiralis larvadisplayed in a typical coil shape.
- 33. Trichinella spiralis larvaein muscle tissue
- 35. Hookworm disease • Itis the infestation of the small intestine by one or more similar roundworms mainly necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenal.
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- 40. Definition • It isa type of food poisoning that affects the central nervous system. It is caused by bacterium clostridium botulinum that produced toxins.
- 41. Clinical features • Symptomsappears 12 to 36 hrs after ingestion of contaminated food. If appears less than 24 hrs severe illness and higher fatality rate. • Nausea, vomitting, paralysis of the skeletal muscles.
- 42. Cont… •Cranial nerves symptoms likediplopia, blurred vision. •Dysphagia and pharyngeal pain
- 47. DEFINITION OF MALABSORPTION It isthe inability of the digestive system to absorb one or more of the major vitamins espicially vitamin B12 ,minerals ie iron and calcium and nutrient like carbohydrates fats and protein.
- 48. RISK FACTORS • excessivealcohol consumption • family history of cystic fibrosis or malabsorption • intestinal surgery • use of certain medications including laxatives or mineral oil • travel to Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and India)
- 49. DISORDER THAT CANLEAD TO MALABSORPTION SHORT BOWEL SYNDRO M FLAP SURGERY FLAP SURGERY FLAP SURGERY TROPICA L SPRUE WHIPPLE’S DISEASE
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