https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bqujaldaCQ There are other hackers works described in the open access review paper: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acssensors.8b00340

2. What’s the scale CD/DVD/Blu-ray OPU dealing with?

3. Let’s open the black box:
CD/DVD/Blu-ray optical pick-up unit (OPU)

4. X/Z/Tilt
Voice coil motor
Suspension wires
Magnet
Coil
CD/DVD/Blu-ray laser power
adjustment variable resistors
Dichroic filter
Miniature stepper
motor
Photodiodes
Collimator lens
CD/DVD
laser diode
Blu-ray laser diode
Triple wavelength
objective lens
Grating
Polarized
beam splitter
Astigmatic lens

5. ”Hacking CD/DVD/Blu-ray
for Biosensing” ACS
Sensors

6. How do we measure with an OPU ?
What’s focus error signal and sum signal?

7. SSUM=SA+SB+SC+SD
SUM
ΔZ
ΔZ
SFE
SFE=(SA+SC)-(SB+SD)
Focus error (SFE) signal
& Sum signal (SSUM)
Surface
OPU Outside S-curve

8. SSUM=SA+SB+SC+SD
SUM
ΔZ
ΔZ
SFE
SFE=(SA+SC)-(SB+SD)
Focus error (SFE) signal
& Sum signal (SSUM)
Surface
OPU Outside S-curve

9. SSUM=SA+SB+SC+SD
SUM
ΔZ
SFE=(SA+SC)-(SB+SD)
Focus error (SFE) signal
& Sum signal (SSUM)
Surface
OPU
ΔZ
SFE
Outside S-curve

10. SSUM=SA+SB+SC+SD
SUM
ΔZ
ΔZ
SFE
SFE=(SA+SC)-(SB+SD)
Focus error (SFE) signal
& Sum signal (SSUM)
Surface
OPU

11. SSUM=SA+SB+SC+SD
SUM
ΔZ
ΔZ
SFE
SFE=(SA+SC)-(SB+SD)
Focus error (SFE) signal
& Sum signal (SSUM)
Surface
OPU Linear region with
Sub atomic resolution

12. SSUM=SA+SB+SC+SD
SUM
ΔZ
ΔZ
SFE
SFE=(SA+SC)-(SB+SD)
Focus error (SFE) signal
& Sum signal (SSUM)
Surface
OPU Linear region with
Sub atomic resolution

13. SSUM=SA+SB+SC+SD
SUM
ΔZ
ΔZ
SFE
SFE=(SA+SC)-(SB+SD)
Focus error (SFE) signal
& Sum signal (SSUM)
Surface
OPU Linear region with
Sub atomic resolution

14. SSUM=SA+SB+SC+SD
SUM
ΔZ
ΔZ
SFE
SFE=(SA+SC)-(SB+SD)
Focus error (SFE) signal
& Sum signal (SSUM)
Surface
OPU

15. SSUM=SA+SB+SC+SD
SUM
ΔZ
ΔZ
SFE
SFE=(SA+SC)-(SB+SD)
Focus error (SFE) signal
& Sum signal (SSUM)
Surface
OPU Outside S-curve

16. SSUM=SA+SB+SC+SD
SUM
ΔZ
ΔZ
SFE
SFE=(SA+SC)-(SB+SD)
Focus error (SFE) signal
& Sum signal (SSUM)
Surface
OPU Outside S-curve

17. SSUM=SA+SB+SC+SD
SUM
ΔZ
ΔZ
SFE
SFE=(SA+SC)-(SB+SD)
Focus error (SFE) signal
& Sum signal (SSUM)
Surface
OPU Outside S-curve

18. Before using the OPU, one important
optical component you should know….

19. “Fundamentals of an
Atomic Force
Microscope Based on a
Digital Versatile Disk
Optical Pick-up Unit”
Google Books
Cover layer is crucial for nanoscale laser spot
focusing
Laser spotLaser spot

20. “Fundamentals of an
Atomic Force
Microscope Based on
a Digital Versatile Disk
Optical Pick-up Unit”
Google Books
Cover layer concentrates laser intensity on the PDIC
”Hacking
CD/DVD/Blu-ray for
Biosensing” ACS
Sensors

21. Patterned Sapphire Substrate (PSS)
Measured by IPAS ADS based AFM

22. The OPU can image bio-samples directly,
beats high-end optical microscope!

23. 1000X OM phase contract image
with Oil lens (Contrast: 0.143)
OPU Laser scanning mode
(Contrast: 0.224)
10 mm 10 mm
“Biophysical analysis of astrocytes apoptosis
triggered by larval E/S antigen from cerebral
toxocarosis-causing pathogen Toxocara
canis” Analytical Sciences
OPU measures bio-sample with higher contrast than
high-end optical microscope (OM)
Gold coated mirror
Cover layer
DVD OPU
XYZ scanner
cell
Liquid
cell

24. You can burn some micro holes with the
OPU….

25. Diameter ~100 um

26. Don’t forget to wear protection glass!

28. The OPU can easily measure fan vibration
amplitude and resonance frequency

29. Resonance frequency

30. Of course, the OPU measures MEMS thermal
noise (sub-atomic vibration) too!

31. “Measurement of thermal vibration of micro-cantilevers with blu-ray
DVD pick-up” 2013 Asian Society for Precision Engineering and
Nanotechnology.

32. Is it possible to align MEMS thermal noise (sub-
atomic vibration) too!

33. 2x5 μm
450 x 30 μm
Laser spot
“Optical imaging module
for astigmatic detection
system” Review of
Scientific Instruments
This is how to “see through” the OPU….

34. Raman probe
Dichroic filter

35. The OPU can be mounted on a microscope
as a MHz bandwidth vibrometer…

37. OPU measures MEMS structures up to 160 MHz
“An astigmatic detection
system for polymeric
cantilever-based sensors”
Journal of Sensors
“Self-aligned cantilever positioning
for on-substrate measurements
using DVD pickup head”
Microelectronic Engineering

38. Use the OPU to characterize MEMS structures
spring constant

39. “Spring Constant Calibration of Microcantilever by Astigmatic
Detection System” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

40. The OPU is small enough to measure MEMS structures
inside a vacuum chamber

41. “Compact MEMS/NEMS characterization
platform using a DVD optical pick-up unit with
optical imaging function” 2013 NSTI
Nanotechnology Conference and Expo

42. Blu-ray traverse can be used for automated
MEMS monitoring

43. Sample platform
Blu-ray OPUOPU linear motion
“Blu-Ray-based micromechanical characterization platform for biopolymer
degradation assessment” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

44. OPU measures MEMS cantilevers on a
spinning disc

45. “High throughput label-free platform for
statistical bio-molecular sensing” Lab
on a Chip
“Statistical analysis of DNT detection
using chemically functionalized
microcantilever arrays” Sensors and
Actuators B: Chemical

46. “High-performance spinning device for
DVD-based micromechanical signal
transduction” Journal of Micromechanics
and Microengineering
Characterization of the time-evolving bending
profile of micro-cantilevers 11th International
Workshop on Nanomechanical Sensing
Towards Picomolar Detection with
DVD-ROM Optical 10th International
Workshop on Nanomechanical Sensing
“Micromechanical PDGF recognition
via lab-on-a-disc aptasensor arrays”
Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

47. Blu-ray OPU parallel laser beam for biosensing
Parallel laser beam
objective lens removed
“New evidence for the mechanism of
action of a type-2 diabetes drug using a
magnetic bead-based automated
biosensing platform” ACS sensors
“Combined detection of C-reactive protein and
PBMC quantification from whole blood in an
integrated lab-on-a-disc microfluidic platform”
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
“Blu-ray based optomagnetic
aptasensor for detection of small
molecules” Biosensors and
Bioelectronics
“Quantification of rolling circle
amplified DNA using magnetic
nanobeads and a Blu-ray optical pick-
up unit” Biosensors and Bioelectronics
“Lab-on-Blu-ray:
Low-cost analyte
detection on a disk”
MicroTAS 2014

48. Beam deflection to OPU AFM video

49. “Measurement of cantilever
displacement using a compact
disk/digital versatile disk pickup
head” Japanese Journal of
Applied Physics
Simultaneous detection of
translational and angular
displacements of micromachined
elements, Applied Physics
Letters

50. “Real-time detection of
linear and angular
displacements with a
modified DVD optical head”
Nanotechnology
“Simultaneous detection of
translational and angular
displacements of
micromachined elements”
Applied Physics Letters

52. AFM AC modeAFM DC modeLaser scanning mode
The OPU can measure reflectivity and nano-probing
A hybrid scanning probe
microscope (SPM) module
based on a DVD optical
head, Measurement
Science and Technology

53. OPU based AFM
AFM mode
OPU based AFM
Laser scanning modeOptical Microscope
Patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) Measured by OPU based AFM

54. The OPU equips sub micron meter laser spot which is
beneficial for micro/nano scale structure sensing….

55. SEM image of micro/nano cantilevers cut by focused ion beam
OPU laser spot focused on each of the micro/nano cantilevers
“Compact MEMS/NEMS
characterization platform using a DVD
optical pick-up unit with optical imaging
function” 2013 NSTI Nanotechnology
Conference and Expo

56. Cantilever width x length:
30 mm x 125 mm
Resonance frequency: ~320 kHz
Normal AFM probe
Blu-ray laser spot
Cantilever width x length:
2 mm x 5 mm
Resonance frequency: 3 MHz
High Speed AFM Probe
Blu-ray laser spot

57. Blu-ray OPU based AFM head
Optical microscope
High speed scanner
Blu-ray laser spot
High speed AFM probe:
USC F2-K3
Sample stage
AFM probe
Blu-ray OPU based high-speed AFM: Cooperation with Kanazawa
University
“Astigmatic High Speed AFM Tip Engagement based on Phase Estimation” 4th
Kanazawa Bio-AFM Workshop (Kanazawa, Japan: Kanazawa University)
“High-speed atomic force
microscope based on an
astigmatic detection system”
Review of Scientific
Instruments
“High-Speed and Large-Range Scanner Integrated with Astigmatic Detection
System for Atomic Force Microscope” The 17th International Conference on non-
contact Atomic Force Microscopy

58. Optical imaging of
probe and sample
OPU AFM with low-voltage piezo buzzer based scanner
“Low-voltage and high-performance buzzer-scanner
based streamlined atomic force microscope system”
Nanotechnology
Atomic layers on HOPG
Nano tubes on HOPG
AAO sample surface 30nm calibration sample
“System atomic force microscopy based on a
digital optical reading unit and a scanner-buzzer”
REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA

59. OPU AFM head with XYZ positioning/scanning piezoelectric actuator
OPU and AFM
probe holder
X axis coarse positioning
high-resolution scanner
Sample
Y axis coarse positioning
high-resolution scanner
Z axis coarse
positioning
high-resolution
scanner

62. 3 AFM probes holder
DVD OPU
XYZ axes coarse positioning
& high-resolution scanner
Espresso size cup
Piezoelectric rotational
actuator

63. VCM X
VCM Z Piezo motor driven
rotational Y
Auto alignment mechanism 3 Probes revolver holder
OPU AFM with automation probe alignment/switching mecuahism

64. A Raman probe measures SERS through a Blu-ray OPU

65. AFM scanner
OPU based AFM head
NA 0.2 objective lens
Raman probe
OPU AFM combines Raman measurements
AFM topography image 25x25 mm
Raman mapping shift at 898 nm
SERS sample

67. “DIY ATOMIC
FORCE
MICROSCOPE
“ Instructable

68. LEGO2NANO: Designing interactive science for
children 13th International conference on
Interaction Design & Children
“A Crowdsourcing-based Air Pollution
Measurement System Using DIY Atomic Force
Microscopes” Human Computation

70. 1 hour

71. Acknowledgments
C.-H. Cheng W.-M. WangC. Werner H. DanzebrinkI.-S. HwangH.-S. Liao T. Uchihashi
Edwin En-Te Hwu
Anja Boisen
Thank you !!