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Models of Telecollaboration:
            The Increasing Prevalence of ELF
               (and other Lingua Francas)
                              Sarah Guth
                       University of Padova, Italy




1   ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                           13/08/2012
Outline
     Brief overview of the dominant models of
        telecollaboration used in the past decade
       INTENT survey: telecollaboration in Europe today
       New models of telecollaboration
       Challenges for teachers, affordances for learners
       ELF beyond English as a lingua franca?




2   ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                         13/08/2012
Telecollaboration and ELF
     The majority of ELF research has focused on F2F
      communication.
     The use of ELF (and other languages as a lingua franca)
      in online communication, not only written, but
      increasingly spoken, is becoming ever more
      predominant.
     Telecollaboration is the activity of collaborative project
      work between groups of learners across time zones and
      geographical distance through the use of commonly
      available social networking tools, and encompasses the
      development of language proficiency, intercultural
      communicative competence, and multiliteracies.
3       ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                               13/08/2012
     Telecollaboration is an institutionalized form of this
„Traditional‟ models
                                       Cultura
    institutio                                          institutio
        n                                                   n
                                 Communication in L1


                                      eTandem
    individua                                           individua
         l                                                   l
                            Reciprocation: 50% in L1
                                   50% in L2

                         University telecollaboration
    institutio                                          institutio
        n                                                   n
                          Mix of L1 and L2 based on
                          institutional requirements

4       ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                                       13/08/2012
New needs, new opportunities

            FL teacher trainees
        Difficulty finding classes of
                      NSs
        Outgoing Erasmus students
                                        Telecollaboration
                                               2.0
                                         Lingua Francas

          greater Interent access
         more familiarity with tools




5   ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                             13/08/2012
An Erasmus Multilateral Project promoting
    virtual intercultural exchange between
    university classrooms in Europe and beyond.
    Universities across Europe are increasingly turning
    their attention to the themes of internationalisation,
    student mobility and the development of students'
    foreign language and intercultural competencies.
    The INTENT project (Integrating Telecollaborative
    Networks into Foreign Language Higher
    Education) aims to support university educators and
    policy makers in these areas by developing a
    network of telecollaboration for universities in
6   ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                           13/08/2012
    Europe and beyond.
What are our Aims
     Establish a clear overview of the levels of use of
        telecollaboration, explore attitudes to the activity among
        key stake holders across European Higher Education
        Institutions, and identify practical barriers to the take-up
        of telecollaboration.
       Develop a set of tools, telecollaborative models and
        partner networks to overcome barriers and facilitate
        telecollaboration practice.
       Develop a set of workable solutions to address the lack
        of academic recognition which telecollaboration receives
        at Higher Education level.
       Publish an online training manual with models of
        telecollaborative exchange which enable a closer
        integration of virtual and physical mobility.
       Engage decision makers at institutional, regional and
7       national levels in a collaborative dialogue as to how
          ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                                13/08/2012
        telecollaboration can be effectively employed as a tool for
Main Activities
     Survey of online intercultural exchange projects which
        are currently being carried out across Europe
       6 case studies describing telecollaboration in university
        contexts
       Virtual platform (www.uni-collaboration.eu) where
        educators can find partner classes as well as information
        and training for their telecollaborative projects.
       Tools for telecollaborative teachers including an e-
        portfolio to evaluate students' projects, databanks of
        telecollaborative tasks, and case studies which teachers
        can use to help them set up their own exchanges.
       Regional workshops and an international conference on
        the theme of telecollaboration for university education.
8        ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                           13/08/2012
The survey
    4 versions:
     English version: November 17
     French version: December 4, 2011
     German version: December 4, 2011
     Italian version: December 7, 2011
     All versions were „closed‟ on January 21, 2012




9      ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                          13/08/2012
Respondents
     Questionnaires completed:
      210 teachers, primarily FL teachers and FL teacher
       education teachers
      142 universities/HEIs
      22 European countries
      102 teachers with experience of telecollaboration
      108 with no experience of telecollaboration
      131 students who had participated in at least one
       telecollaboration project


10      ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                          13/08/2012
Sts:
     configurations
     Telecollaboration „models‟ or „configurations‟ based on
       open answers:
      bilingual exchanges involving discussion of topics in both
                                               bilingual
       languages
                                  primarily
                                 monolingal
      translation projects
                                                  Monolingual
                                                   (often not
                                                    English)
      teacher trainees and foreign language learners


      a multi-disciplinary project focusing on conflict resolution
                                              ELF


11      ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                                  13/08/2012
Teacher
     s Bilingual - two languages are used                                     56%
     Monolingual - only one language is
                                                                  33%
                      used
 Lingua Franca - foreign language for all
                                                            20%
                  partners
  Multilingual - more than two languages
                                                      10%
                  are used

                                            0%    10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%


     Student
        A foreign language that we could all
     s                 speak
                                                                               31%

       A combination of our native languages                            24%

           Only my partners' native language                              28%

                     Only my native language                8%

                                                 0%   5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
12       ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                                               13/08/2012
Partners: how many and where




13   ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey    13/08/2012
New Trends in Telecollaboration
      Soliya & Exchange 2.0 (US – Europe – Middle East – Asia)
      COIL Institute (US – Belize, US – North Korea, US –
       Japan, US – Canary Islands, etc.)
      Teacher training
         Netherlands-Chile using Spanish,
         France-USA using French,
         Spain-USA using English
      Erasmus (pre, during, post)
         Padova-Boston, Bilingual
         Padova-various countries, multilingual & ELF
      „into the wild‟
         gaming (e.g. Thorne & Black, learning Russian to game)
         blogging (e.g. Guth, using English to blog)
         online discussion forums (e.g. Hanna & de Nooy, French)


14   ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                                   13/08/2012
Challenges for teachers,
     affordances for learners
     But…
     • opportunities to move beyond cultural
     comparison of two countries and discuss culture at
     • more profound level colleagues, heads of
     a difficulties convincing
     department and to focus on subject-related content
     • opportunities decision-makers that lingua franca
     exchanges are valid learning experiencesnature of
     • opportunities to focus on the authentic
     • assessmentcommunication, e.g. code-switching
     lingua franca (what? how?)
     • difficulties providing and/or how to manage
     (empowering the NNS) recognition (credits) for
     participation
     miscommunication with words such as
     •student belief that only NSor culturally-based
     „education‟, „individualism‟ are valid partners
     concepts


15   ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                      13/08/2012
Discussion
      Arguments from the socio-cultural, cultural, ecological, etc.
       points of view regarding English as a Lingua Franca should not
       only play a greater role in field of ELF, but be expanded to any
       use of a language as a lingua franca.
      The definition of a linguathen, is a mismatch between“the main
                  “The problem, franca as a context where
                  […] has happened of the (only) English in
       objective whatis to make use to the role of language shared by all
       interactants, […] in orderthe achieve the fullest it is
                    the world on to one hand and how communication
       possible” (Seidlhofer, as
                   thought of 2011, p. 18) should include a languages
                                            „a language‟ and all
       used as a lingua franca. subject on the other.”
                        language
      English is undoubtedly the most2011, p. 9)
                              (Seidlhofer, widespread language
       currently, but other languages are gaining weight in international
       communication, e.g. Spanish, Arabic, and Chinese.
      To conclude, the research into ELF from a socio-cultural and
       ecological standpoint should invite and welcome research into
       other lingua francas if we want to not necessarily transform, but
       increase the variety of FL teaching in today‟s globalized context.
16   ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                                       13/08/2012
Questions? Discussion?




17   ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                            13/08/2012
contacts


                              sarah.guth@unipd.it

                     INTENT: intent-project.eu
                           COIL Institute:
           http://coilcenter.purchase.edu/page/about-coil-
          institute-globally-networked-learning-humanities


18   ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                         13/08/2012
Thank you.

                              Teşekkür ederim.

                                  Grazie.



19   ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey                      13/08/2012

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Guth elf5

  • 1. Models of Telecollaboration: The Increasing Prevalence of ELF (and other Lingua Francas) Sarah Guth University of Padova, Italy 1 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 2. Outline  Brief overview of the dominant models of telecollaboration used in the past decade  INTENT survey: telecollaboration in Europe today  New models of telecollaboration  Challenges for teachers, affordances for learners  ELF beyond English as a lingua franca? 2 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 3. Telecollaboration and ELF  The majority of ELF research has focused on F2F communication.  The use of ELF (and other languages as a lingua franca) in online communication, not only written, but increasingly spoken, is becoming ever more predominant.  Telecollaboration is the activity of collaborative project work between groups of learners across time zones and geographical distance through the use of commonly available social networking tools, and encompasses the development of language proficiency, intercultural communicative competence, and multiliteracies. 3 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012  Telecollaboration is an institutionalized form of this
  • 4. „Traditional‟ models Cultura institutio institutio n n Communication in L1 eTandem individua individua l l Reciprocation: 50% in L1 50% in L2 University telecollaboration institutio institutio n n Mix of L1 and L2 based on institutional requirements 4 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 5. New needs, new opportunities FL teacher trainees Difficulty finding classes of NSs Outgoing Erasmus students Telecollaboration 2.0 Lingua Francas greater Interent access more familiarity with tools 5 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 6. An Erasmus Multilateral Project promoting virtual intercultural exchange between university classrooms in Europe and beyond. Universities across Europe are increasingly turning their attention to the themes of internationalisation, student mobility and the development of students' foreign language and intercultural competencies. The INTENT project (Integrating Telecollaborative Networks into Foreign Language Higher Education) aims to support university educators and policy makers in these areas by developing a network of telecollaboration for universities in 6 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012 Europe and beyond.
  • 7. What are our Aims  Establish a clear overview of the levels of use of telecollaboration, explore attitudes to the activity among key stake holders across European Higher Education Institutions, and identify practical barriers to the take-up of telecollaboration.  Develop a set of tools, telecollaborative models and partner networks to overcome barriers and facilitate telecollaboration practice.  Develop a set of workable solutions to address the lack of academic recognition which telecollaboration receives at Higher Education level.  Publish an online training manual with models of telecollaborative exchange which enable a closer integration of virtual and physical mobility.  Engage decision makers at institutional, regional and 7 national levels in a collaborative dialogue as to how ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012 telecollaboration can be effectively employed as a tool for
  • 8. Main Activities  Survey of online intercultural exchange projects which are currently being carried out across Europe  6 case studies describing telecollaboration in university contexts  Virtual platform (www.uni-collaboration.eu) where educators can find partner classes as well as information and training for their telecollaborative projects.  Tools for telecollaborative teachers including an e- portfolio to evaluate students' projects, databanks of telecollaborative tasks, and case studies which teachers can use to help them set up their own exchanges.  Regional workshops and an international conference on the theme of telecollaboration for university education. 8 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 9. The survey 4 versions:  English version: November 17  French version: December 4, 2011  German version: December 4, 2011  Italian version: December 7, 2011  All versions were „closed‟ on January 21, 2012 9 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 10. Respondents Questionnaires completed:  210 teachers, primarily FL teachers and FL teacher education teachers  142 universities/HEIs  22 European countries  102 teachers with experience of telecollaboration  108 with no experience of telecollaboration  131 students who had participated in at least one telecollaboration project 10 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 11. Sts: configurations Telecollaboration „models‟ or „configurations‟ based on open answers:  bilingual exchanges involving discussion of topics in both bilingual languages primarily monolingal  translation projects Monolingual (often not English)  teacher trainees and foreign language learners  a multi-disciplinary project focusing on conflict resolution ELF 11 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 12. Teacher s Bilingual - two languages are used 56% Monolingual - only one language is 33% used Lingua Franca - foreign language for all 20% partners Multilingual - more than two languages 10% are used 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Student A foreign language that we could all s speak 31% A combination of our native languages 24% Only my partners' native language 28% Only my native language 8% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 12 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 13. Partners: how many and where 13 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 14. New Trends in Telecollaboration  Soliya & Exchange 2.0 (US – Europe – Middle East – Asia)  COIL Institute (US – Belize, US – North Korea, US – Japan, US – Canary Islands, etc.)  Teacher training  Netherlands-Chile using Spanish,  France-USA using French,  Spain-USA using English  Erasmus (pre, during, post)  Padova-Boston, Bilingual  Padova-various countries, multilingual & ELF  „into the wild‟  gaming (e.g. Thorne & Black, learning Russian to game)  blogging (e.g. Guth, using English to blog)  online discussion forums (e.g. Hanna & de Nooy, French) 14 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 15. Challenges for teachers, affordances for learners But… • opportunities to move beyond cultural comparison of two countries and discuss culture at • more profound level colleagues, heads of a difficulties convincing department and to focus on subject-related content • opportunities decision-makers that lingua franca exchanges are valid learning experiencesnature of • opportunities to focus on the authentic • assessmentcommunication, e.g. code-switching lingua franca (what? how?) • difficulties providing and/or how to manage (empowering the NNS) recognition (credits) for participation miscommunication with words such as •student belief that only NSor culturally-based „education‟, „individualism‟ are valid partners concepts 15 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 16. Discussion  Arguments from the socio-cultural, cultural, ecological, etc. points of view regarding English as a Lingua Franca should not only play a greater role in field of ELF, but be expanded to any use of a language as a lingua franca.  The definition of a linguathen, is a mismatch between“the main “The problem, franca as a context where […] has happened of the (only) English in objective whatis to make use to the role of language shared by all interactants, […] in orderthe achieve the fullest it is the world on to one hand and how communication possible” (Seidlhofer, as thought of 2011, p. 18) should include a languages „a language‟ and all used as a lingua franca. subject on the other.” language  English is undoubtedly the most2011, p. 9) (Seidlhofer, widespread language currently, but other languages are gaining weight in international communication, e.g. Spanish, Arabic, and Chinese.  To conclude, the research into ELF from a socio-cultural and ecological standpoint should invite and welcome research into other lingua francas if we want to not necessarily transform, but increase the variety of FL teaching in today‟s globalized context. 16 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 17. Questions? Discussion? 17 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 18. contacts sarah.guth@unipd.it INTENT: intent-project.eu COIL Institute: http://coilcenter.purchase.edu/page/about-coil- institute-globally-networked-learning-humanities 18 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012
  • 19. Thank you. Teşekkür ederim. Grazie. 19 ELF5, Istanbul, Turkey 13/08/2012