This document provides technical information for fabricating KOMADUR Type 1 PVC sheets. It discusses that KOMADUR sheets can be easily machined, formed, welded, and bonded. The document then provides details on machining techniques like sawing, drilling, turning, and milling. It also discusses forming techniques like folding, bending, and thermoforming. Guidelines for cutting speeds and tooling are provided for different fabrication processes.
material and manufacturing - Cutting processSyuk Bond
This document provides information on various manufacturing cutting processes including photochemical cutting, laser cutting, electrical discharge machining (EDM), punching and blanking, die cutting, water jet cutting, and glass scoring. It describes the introduction, typical applications, related processes, quality considerations, design opportunities, compatible materials, costs, and environmental impacts for each process.
We, 'Jeetmull Jaichandlall Madras Private Limited', deal in various metal wires and mesh and our firm commitment to quality extends beyond our products. We imbibe quality in every single aspect of our business.
The document discusses hard turning as an alternative to grinding for finishing hardened surfaces. Hard turning offers benefits like shorter cycle times, higher material removal rates, and eliminating multiple setups. However, questions remain about hard turning's ability to meet surface finish and integrity requirements. Tool wear patterns and predictions must also be better understood. The research aims to investigate tool wear behavior in hard turning and develop a wear model to optimize the process and identify ideal conditions.
Hard turning with CBN provides several advantages over grinding, including reduced machine tool and operating costs, improved productivity through shorter cycle times, increased machining flexibility for a variety of part geometries and lot sizes, higher achievable machining accuracy, and generation of chips instead of grinding sludge for more environmentally friendly production. Key factors that influence hard turning performance include CBN tool design and wear, cutting parameters, and workpiece material properties.
Issues related to machining of hard materialsKishan Savaliya
The document discusses issues related to machining hard materials and potential solutions. Primary issues include vibrations, high pressure forces, reduced accuracy, increased heat, difficult chip formation, costly tool materials, and long machining times. Solutions proposed are applying coatings to tools to increase tool life, using modified tool geometries, applying high pressure coolant, and ensuring machine rigidity. Alternatives to conventional turning and milling discussed include laser melting, EDM, dry machining, and minimum quantity lubrication.
This document provides guidelines for machining various materials with ceramic and whisker ceramic inserts. It addresses machining nickel-based alloys, gray cast iron, and provides information on edge preparations, speeds and feeds, tool geometries, and troubleshooting tool wear and breakage. Guidelines are given for chamfering parts, varying depth of cut, ramping cuts, and other techniques to improve tool life when machining difficult materials like nickel alloys and gray cast iron.
For years, Shandong Vibasia import and export company has gain great reputation in supplying industrial rubber and plastic products,Serving 10,500 customers and selling serial of industrial items.Located in Hebei,Our factory covers 100000 square meters and has 1,200 employees.
We are professional producer of PTFE,PVC,POM,HDPE,UHMWPE and Nylon products.We have many years of knowledge and experience in manufacturing and supplying plastic . During this time we have created a diverse, high quality product range of plastic solutions fitting to meet the needs of today's application demands.
To make ordering quick and easy,we employ friendly and experienced worker for international trading department.In addition ,we offer call service with Specifications of our products. Our foreign trading department proved we are serious with our customers time.
www.sdzytrade.en.alibaba.com continues to be the most popular way to shop rubber and plastic.Our website is all our rubber and plastic products including updated invention and mail space for any questions.
Vibasia is a different type of company,our founder placed 10% profit in a foundation that devoted to provide pure waters for third world countries children.
For more information about our mission or our company. Please visit www.sdzytrade.en.alibaba.com.
The document discusses challenges and guidelines for printing solder paste with step stencils. It analyzes how factors like squeegee speed, pressure, angle, and material affect the amount of paste residue near step edges. Testing showed circular apertures near steep step downs had lower transfer efficiency than oblong apertures due to more residue. Guidelines recommend reducing speed, increasing pressure, changing the angle to 45°, and using a polymer squeegee to minimize residue for consistent paste transfer. Apertures far from step edges showed high transfer efficiency regardless of geometry or step height.
material and manufacturing - Cutting processSyuk Bond
This document provides information on various manufacturing cutting processes including photochemical cutting, laser cutting, electrical discharge machining (EDM), punching and blanking, die cutting, water jet cutting, and glass scoring. It describes the introduction, typical applications, related processes, quality considerations, design opportunities, compatible materials, costs, and environmental impacts for each process.
We, 'Jeetmull Jaichandlall Madras Private Limited', deal in various metal wires and mesh and our firm commitment to quality extends beyond our products. We imbibe quality in every single aspect of our business.
The document discusses hard turning as an alternative to grinding for finishing hardened surfaces. Hard turning offers benefits like shorter cycle times, higher material removal rates, and eliminating multiple setups. However, questions remain about hard turning's ability to meet surface finish and integrity requirements. Tool wear patterns and predictions must also be better understood. The research aims to investigate tool wear behavior in hard turning and develop a wear model to optimize the process and identify ideal conditions.
Hard turning with CBN provides several advantages over grinding, including reduced machine tool and operating costs, improved productivity through shorter cycle times, increased machining flexibility for a variety of part geometries and lot sizes, higher achievable machining accuracy, and generation of chips instead of grinding sludge for more environmentally friendly production. Key factors that influence hard turning performance include CBN tool design and wear, cutting parameters, and workpiece material properties.
Issues related to machining of hard materialsKishan Savaliya
The document discusses issues related to machining hard materials and potential solutions. Primary issues include vibrations, high pressure forces, reduced accuracy, increased heat, difficult chip formation, costly tool materials, and long machining times. Solutions proposed are applying coatings to tools to increase tool life, using modified tool geometries, applying high pressure coolant, and ensuring machine rigidity. Alternatives to conventional turning and milling discussed include laser melting, EDM, dry machining, and minimum quantity lubrication.
This document provides guidelines for machining various materials with ceramic and whisker ceramic inserts. It addresses machining nickel-based alloys, gray cast iron, and provides information on edge preparations, speeds and feeds, tool geometries, and troubleshooting tool wear and breakage. Guidelines are given for chamfering parts, varying depth of cut, ramping cuts, and other techniques to improve tool life when machining difficult materials like nickel alloys and gray cast iron.
For years, Shandong Vibasia import and export company has gain great reputation in supplying industrial rubber and plastic products,Serving 10,500 customers and selling serial of industrial items.Located in Hebei,Our factory covers 100000 square meters and has 1,200 employees.
We are professional producer of PTFE,PVC,POM,HDPE,UHMWPE and Nylon products.We have many years of knowledge and experience in manufacturing and supplying plastic . During this time we have created a diverse, high quality product range of plastic solutions fitting to meet the needs of today's application demands.
To make ordering quick and easy,we employ friendly and experienced worker for international trading department.In addition ,we offer call service with Specifications of our products. Our foreign trading department proved we are serious with our customers time.
www.sdzytrade.en.alibaba.com continues to be the most popular way to shop rubber and plastic.Our website is all our rubber and plastic products including updated invention and mail space for any questions.
Vibasia is a different type of company,our founder placed 10% profit in a foundation that devoted to provide pure waters for third world countries children.
For more information about our mission or our company. Please visit www.sdzytrade.en.alibaba.com.
The document discusses challenges and guidelines for printing solder paste with step stencils. It analyzes how factors like squeegee speed, pressure, angle, and material affect the amount of paste residue near step edges. Testing showed circular apertures near steep step downs had lower transfer efficiency than oblong apertures due to more residue. Guidelines recommend reducing speed, increasing pressure, changing the angle to 45°, and using a polymer squeegee to minimize residue for consistent paste transfer. Apertures far from step edges showed high transfer efficiency regardless of geometry or step height.
This document provides information on various laminating machines from Cellcoat, including reel-to-reel, hand-fed, and automatic laminators. It summarizes the features and specifications of the Topaz, Ruby 52, Emerald, Diamond, Diamond Pro, Opal, and Onyx 1050 models. It also mentions that Cellcoat can provide custom laminating machines and offers service and maintenance support. The overall document promotes Cellcoat's laminating equipment and technologies.
Hard turning provides significant advantages over traditional grinding processes for machining hardened metals. It allows complex parts to be finished in a single setup, is more flexible and economical. A case study describes how a powertrain manufacturer was able to reduce production time from 20 hours to 9 hours and costs from $210 to $112 for a shaft component by switching from grinding to hard turning. This allowed them to accelerate their engine development program and meet critical deadlines.
The document discusses cutting tool edge preparation, specifically the process of nylon abrasive filament brush honing. It notes that proper edge preparation adds strength to the cutting edge, improves tool life, quality and surface finish. While edge preparation is necessary for nearly all hardmetal tools, variability in incoming tool quality and process parameters can drive up costs. Key factors that affect quality and costs include setup times, lot sizes, brush selection and machine parameters, as improper application can cause issues like nylon smearing. Consistent tool life depends on selecting the proper edge hone size based on the tool and application.
Abrasive jet machining is an unconventional machining process that uses a high-velocity stream of abrasive particles suspended in a gas to remove material through erosion. It can machine hard and brittle materials that cannot be cut through conventional processes. The process involves mixing abrasive particles with a pressurized gas and passing them through a nozzle to erode away the workpiece material. It provides advantages like ability to machine heat-sensitive materials without damaging them and capability to cut intricate holes, but has low material removal rates and accuracy issues due to stray cutting.
This document discusses various machining operations used for manufacturing metal and plastic parts. It begins by defining machining as a process that cuts raw materials into desired shapes and sizes through controlled material removal. The main machining operations described are turning, milling, and drilling. It also discusses machining stages, cutting conditions, machining plastic versus metal, and plastic-specific processes like polishing, annealing, and different categories of plastics to machine.
FICEP introduces the Gemini, an advanced CNC machine for machining hard metals. The Gemini combines drilling, machining, marking and cutting functions on a moving gantry. It is fitted with powerful spindles and an advanced sub-axis and clamping system, allowing it to easily machine very hard steel grades. The sub-axis system enables helical milling, drilling and machining over a large area in a single setup. This innovation allows tapping holes directly in hard metals, saving on tooling costs. The Gemini provides a more productive and accurate solution than separate drilling and cutting machines. It reduces costs through higher machine utilization and avoiding issues like improper part fit-up from multi-machine processes.
1. The document provides an overview of injection molding design guidelines, including size limitations, straight pull design requirements, geometric considerations like parting lines and draft angles, gating options, common resin selections, surface finish options, and standard lead times for rapid, low-volume, and production injection molding.
2. For rapid injection molding, the maximum part size is 20" x 20" x 3" and volume is 36 cubic inches; parts must have a straight pull design without undercuts. Low-volume and production molding have no size or geometry limits.
3. Selection of resins, gates, surface finishes, and lead times will depend on the specific molding process and levels of
Turning plays most important role in Machining and Turning is the form of machining process which uses a single-point cutting tool for material removal,from this slide we can get the importance of turning.
The document discusses non-conventional machining processes, specifically various types of jet machining. It describes abrasive jet machining where abrasives are mixed with water to cut materials. Airbrasive jet machining uses high pressure air and powder to cut. Fluid jet machining uses high pressure liquid through a nozzle. Water is most common but other fluids can be used. Jet machining has advantages like burrless cuts, omnidirectional cutting, and no heat affected zones. It is suitable for brittle materials, composites, and producing long tapered walls in deep cuts.
The document discusses abrasive jet machining (AJM), including its working principle, components, process parameters, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. AJM works by using a high-pressure jet of abrasive particles carried by gas to erode material from the workpiece surface. Key parameters that affect the machining include abrasive type and size, gas pressure and flow rate, nozzle design, and stand-off distance between nozzle and workpiece. AJM can machine hard and brittle materials and create complex shapes, though it has low material removal rates and issues with accuracy due to jet divergence.
Abrasive jet machining (AJM) uses a high-pressure stream of abrasive particles carried by gas or air to remove material from a workpiece. The abrasive particles are forced through a small nozzle at high velocity to impact the work surface. This allows for drilling intricate holes and cutting hard, brittle materials like ceramics more precisely than sand blasting. The process parameters like material removal rate, surface finish, and nozzle wear depend on factors such as abrasive size and flow rate, gas pressure and velocity, and nozzle size and position. AJM is well-suited for deburring and precision machining of small parts made of difficult materials like ceramics, glass, and superalloys
Unit 4 discusses several non-traditional machining processes including abrasive jet machining. Abrasive jet machining involves using a high-velocity jet of abrasive particles carried by a carrier gas to remove material from a workpiece. Key aspects of the process are that abrasive particles around 50 micrometers are accelerated to 200 meters per second by compressed air or gas and directed at the workpiece by a nozzle. Process parameters that can be controlled include the abrasive type and size, carrier gas properties, abrasive jet velocity and flow rate, standoff distance, and impingement angle. Abrasive jet machining is suitable for drilling intricate shapes in hard and brittle materials.
Abrassive Water-Jet Machining by Himanshu VaidHimanshu Vaid
Waterjet cutting is a versatile machining process that uses a high-pressure stream of water, or water with an abrasive added, to cut materials. It can cut both soft materials like cardboard as well as hard materials like steel. Waterjet cutting produces no heat affected zone and leaves a smooth, burr-free edge. It is suitable for cutting a wide range of materials and shapes quickly and with high precision. The main limitations are slower cutting of very hard materials and potential loss of accuracy for thick parts.
The document discusses abrasive jet machining, which uses a high-velocity stream of abrasive particles carried by compressed air or gas to erode material through micro-cutting and brittle fracture. It describes the process, components, process parameters like abrasives, carrier gas, and nozzle used. Applications include cutting brittle materials like glass, ceramics, and silicon. Key advantages are cool cutting of heat-sensitive materials and high surface finish quality.
IRJET-Metal Forming by Cold Extrusion ProcessIRJET Journal
This document discusses cold extrusion processes for metal forming. It specifically examines using DEFORM 3D software to simulate the cold extrusion of an aluminum tube. The document provides background on extrusion processes, defines cold extrusion, and compares it to hot extrusion. It then details using DEFORM 3D to model the stages of forming an aluminum tube under cold extrusion, analyze stresses and pressures, and view cross-sections of the process. The document concludes the software allows predicting material flow and reducing issues in manufacturing.
Deringer-Ney provides ultra-small precision components and total manufacturing solutions from design to assembly. They offer engineering support, tooling, prototyping, and production capabilities for a wide range of alloys and components as small as 0.015 inches. Their micro manufacturing process produces parts faster, with less waste, and tighter tolerances than traditional screw machining.
Design and fabrication of working model of abrasive jet machineNirmaljit Singh
This document is a project report submitted by Jitesh Kumar for the partial fulfillment of a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering. It discusses the design and fabrication of a working model of an Abrasive Jet Machine. The report includes sections on the components of an AJM, variables that influence the machining process, advantages and limitations, applications, and a literature review. It also provides details on the design of the major components of the machine being developed for this project.
This document provides an overview of material removal processes, also known as subtractive manufacturing. It discusses turning, milling, and drilling operations as the three principal machining processes. It also covers cutting tool materials, cutting fluids, and machining processes for producing various shapes such as round, cylindrical, and irregular shapes. The document discusses factors like environmental safety, accuracy, cost effectiveness, and advantages and disadvantages of machining processes.
This document provides information on various manufacturing cutting processes including photochemical cutting, laser cutting, electrical discharge machining, punching and blanking, die cutting, water jet cutting, and glass scoring. It describes the introduction, typical applications, related processes, quality considerations, design opportunities, compatible materials, costs, and environmental impacts for each process.
While each component is designed to meet a set of operational requirements, there are a number of common principles that will reduce the time and cost to obtain an economical component. Many of these are evident, but some need a perfect understanding of the differences between molding thermoset rubbers and molding plastics.
The parts will be obtained at a minimal cost when there are no surprises in the design, delivery or use. Good communication and prior contact with suppliers will particularly assist in the development of the new part
This document provides information on various laminating machines from Cellcoat, including reel-to-reel, hand-fed, and automatic laminators. It summarizes the features and specifications of the Topaz, Ruby 52, Emerald, Diamond, Diamond Pro, Opal, and Onyx 1050 models. It also mentions that Cellcoat can provide custom laminating machines and offers service and maintenance support. The overall document promotes Cellcoat's laminating equipment and technologies.
Hard turning provides significant advantages over traditional grinding processes for machining hardened metals. It allows complex parts to be finished in a single setup, is more flexible and economical. A case study describes how a powertrain manufacturer was able to reduce production time from 20 hours to 9 hours and costs from $210 to $112 for a shaft component by switching from grinding to hard turning. This allowed them to accelerate their engine development program and meet critical deadlines.
The document discusses cutting tool edge preparation, specifically the process of nylon abrasive filament brush honing. It notes that proper edge preparation adds strength to the cutting edge, improves tool life, quality and surface finish. While edge preparation is necessary for nearly all hardmetal tools, variability in incoming tool quality and process parameters can drive up costs. Key factors that affect quality and costs include setup times, lot sizes, brush selection and machine parameters, as improper application can cause issues like nylon smearing. Consistent tool life depends on selecting the proper edge hone size based on the tool and application.
Abrasive jet machining is an unconventional machining process that uses a high-velocity stream of abrasive particles suspended in a gas to remove material through erosion. It can machine hard and brittle materials that cannot be cut through conventional processes. The process involves mixing abrasive particles with a pressurized gas and passing them through a nozzle to erode away the workpiece material. It provides advantages like ability to machine heat-sensitive materials without damaging them and capability to cut intricate holes, but has low material removal rates and accuracy issues due to stray cutting.
This document discusses various machining operations used for manufacturing metal and plastic parts. It begins by defining machining as a process that cuts raw materials into desired shapes and sizes through controlled material removal. The main machining operations described are turning, milling, and drilling. It also discusses machining stages, cutting conditions, machining plastic versus metal, and plastic-specific processes like polishing, annealing, and different categories of plastics to machine.
FICEP introduces the Gemini, an advanced CNC machine for machining hard metals. The Gemini combines drilling, machining, marking and cutting functions on a moving gantry. It is fitted with powerful spindles and an advanced sub-axis and clamping system, allowing it to easily machine very hard steel grades. The sub-axis system enables helical milling, drilling and machining over a large area in a single setup. This innovation allows tapping holes directly in hard metals, saving on tooling costs. The Gemini provides a more productive and accurate solution than separate drilling and cutting machines. It reduces costs through higher machine utilization and avoiding issues like improper part fit-up from multi-machine processes.
1. The document provides an overview of injection molding design guidelines, including size limitations, straight pull design requirements, geometric considerations like parting lines and draft angles, gating options, common resin selections, surface finish options, and standard lead times for rapid, low-volume, and production injection molding.
2. For rapid injection molding, the maximum part size is 20" x 20" x 3" and volume is 36 cubic inches; parts must have a straight pull design without undercuts. Low-volume and production molding have no size or geometry limits.
3. Selection of resins, gates, surface finishes, and lead times will depend on the specific molding process and levels of
Turning plays most important role in Machining and Turning is the form of machining process which uses a single-point cutting tool for material removal,from this slide we can get the importance of turning.
The document discusses non-conventional machining processes, specifically various types of jet machining. It describes abrasive jet machining where abrasives are mixed with water to cut materials. Airbrasive jet machining uses high pressure air and powder to cut. Fluid jet machining uses high pressure liquid through a nozzle. Water is most common but other fluids can be used. Jet machining has advantages like burrless cuts, omnidirectional cutting, and no heat affected zones. It is suitable for brittle materials, composites, and producing long tapered walls in deep cuts.
The document discusses abrasive jet machining (AJM), including its working principle, components, process parameters, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. AJM works by using a high-pressure jet of abrasive particles carried by gas to erode material from the workpiece surface. Key parameters that affect the machining include abrasive type and size, gas pressure and flow rate, nozzle design, and stand-off distance between nozzle and workpiece. AJM can machine hard and brittle materials and create complex shapes, though it has low material removal rates and issues with accuracy due to jet divergence.
Abrasive jet machining (AJM) uses a high-pressure stream of abrasive particles carried by gas or air to remove material from a workpiece. The abrasive particles are forced through a small nozzle at high velocity to impact the work surface. This allows for drilling intricate holes and cutting hard, brittle materials like ceramics more precisely than sand blasting. The process parameters like material removal rate, surface finish, and nozzle wear depend on factors such as abrasive size and flow rate, gas pressure and velocity, and nozzle size and position. AJM is well-suited for deburring and precision machining of small parts made of difficult materials like ceramics, glass, and superalloys
Unit 4 discusses several non-traditional machining processes including abrasive jet machining. Abrasive jet machining involves using a high-velocity jet of abrasive particles carried by a carrier gas to remove material from a workpiece. Key aspects of the process are that abrasive particles around 50 micrometers are accelerated to 200 meters per second by compressed air or gas and directed at the workpiece by a nozzle. Process parameters that can be controlled include the abrasive type and size, carrier gas properties, abrasive jet velocity and flow rate, standoff distance, and impingement angle. Abrasive jet machining is suitable for drilling intricate shapes in hard and brittle materials.
Abrassive Water-Jet Machining by Himanshu VaidHimanshu Vaid
Waterjet cutting is a versatile machining process that uses a high-pressure stream of water, or water with an abrasive added, to cut materials. It can cut both soft materials like cardboard as well as hard materials like steel. Waterjet cutting produces no heat affected zone and leaves a smooth, burr-free edge. It is suitable for cutting a wide range of materials and shapes quickly and with high precision. The main limitations are slower cutting of very hard materials and potential loss of accuracy for thick parts.
The document discusses abrasive jet machining, which uses a high-velocity stream of abrasive particles carried by compressed air or gas to erode material through micro-cutting and brittle fracture. It describes the process, components, process parameters like abrasives, carrier gas, and nozzle used. Applications include cutting brittle materials like glass, ceramics, and silicon. Key advantages are cool cutting of heat-sensitive materials and high surface finish quality.
IRJET-Metal Forming by Cold Extrusion ProcessIRJET Journal
This document discusses cold extrusion processes for metal forming. It specifically examines using DEFORM 3D software to simulate the cold extrusion of an aluminum tube. The document provides background on extrusion processes, defines cold extrusion, and compares it to hot extrusion. It then details using DEFORM 3D to model the stages of forming an aluminum tube under cold extrusion, analyze stresses and pressures, and view cross-sections of the process. The document concludes the software allows predicting material flow and reducing issues in manufacturing.
Deringer-Ney provides ultra-small precision components and total manufacturing solutions from design to assembly. They offer engineering support, tooling, prototyping, and production capabilities for a wide range of alloys and components as small as 0.015 inches. Their micro manufacturing process produces parts faster, with less waste, and tighter tolerances than traditional screw machining.
Design and fabrication of working model of abrasive jet machineNirmaljit Singh
This document is a project report submitted by Jitesh Kumar for the partial fulfillment of a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering. It discusses the design and fabrication of a working model of an Abrasive Jet Machine. The report includes sections on the components of an AJM, variables that influence the machining process, advantages and limitations, applications, and a literature review. It also provides details on the design of the major components of the machine being developed for this project.
This document provides an overview of material removal processes, also known as subtractive manufacturing. It discusses turning, milling, and drilling operations as the three principal machining processes. It also covers cutting tool materials, cutting fluids, and machining processes for producing various shapes such as round, cylindrical, and irregular shapes. The document discusses factors like environmental safety, accuracy, cost effectiveness, and advantages and disadvantages of machining processes.
This document provides information on various manufacturing cutting processes including photochemical cutting, laser cutting, electrical discharge machining, punching and blanking, die cutting, water jet cutting, and glass scoring. It describes the introduction, typical applications, related processes, quality considerations, design opportunities, compatible materials, costs, and environmental impacts for each process.
While each component is designed to meet a set of operational requirements, there are a number of common principles that will reduce the time and cost to obtain an economical component. Many of these are evident, but some need a perfect understanding of the differences between molding thermoset rubbers and molding plastics.
The parts will be obtained at a minimal cost when there are no surprises in the design, delivery or use. Good communication and prior contact with suppliers will particularly assist in the development of the new part
West Coast Gasket is a company that offers a wide range of sealing and precision manufacturing services including metal stamping, molding, extruding, lathe cutting, and specialty services. They have over 25 years of experience and state-of-the-art equipment to produce high quality gaskets, stampings, and other products from various materials for industries like automotive, aerospace, and medical. Their in-house capabilities allow them to respond quickly to customer needs for prototypes, short runs, or large production quantities.
Frequently Asked Questions about Rotational MouldingFrancis Ward Ltd
Rotomoulding can be used to create thick-walled plastic products in a variety of sizes and materials. It is a versatile process that allows for complex shapes without seams or joints. While more expensive than blowmoulding for high volumes, rotomoulding is well-suited for low volume or customized parts due to relatively low setup costs. Proper design, material selection, and manufacturing techniques are keys to optimizing the strength and lifespan of rotomoulded products.
The document discusses machining and cutting of composite materials. It addresses the challenges of machining composites, including heat buildup, tool wear, and delamination. It describes common machining operations like cutting, drilling, grinding and waterjet/laser cutting. For drilling specifically, it notes the use of tungsten carbide or diamond coated tools and how fiber orientation affects delamination. Positive rake angles on tools are preferred to reduce pressure and heat when machining composites.
Presentation of Gud Mould Industry Limited- Plastic Injection Mould and Die Casting Mould Manufacturer in China. Know more, please visit www.gudmould.com.
Plastics distributors and fabricators have a wide array of abilities. Emco Industrial Plastics and displays shares a "taste" of some of the services and capabilities offered in this slide presentation. Click on the company logo on the bottom of each page to learn more about each topic
The nibbler is a tool for precisely cutting fiber composite materials. It allows for clean cuts with perfect edges while producing little dust. It punches out composite material in chip form rather than dust. The nibbler provides full flexibility to cut in any direction and access hard to reach areas. Punches and dies have long lifetimes, resulting in low cutting costs compared to other methods. The nibbler is suited for a wide range of composite materials.
Normally PCD Cutting Tools can be used various industry, such as Automotive parts(pistons,Wheel Hub, Engine block), Airplane(CFRP, PMMW) and other non-ferrous metal materials.
And this article show you the main application field of pcd cutting tools.And we can offer most pcd cutting tools. we have different pcd grade CDW10, CDW20 and CDW30 specific for different materials.
This document discusses Durlon gasket materials, including their wide range of applications, quality standards, and ability to reduce fugitive emissions. It provides details on Durlon's compressed non-asbestos and PTFE gasket materials, describing their properties, industries used in, and manufacturing quality controls. The document also discusses recommended flange finishes depending on the gasket type and how the flange finish can affect the gasket's ability to seal.
uflex summer internship , all about the machine used and all the process a material goes through during the whole process till the it reaches assembly . all the other equipment's used to in quality check etc. cnc used and its features.
There has been a long felt need to bring up speed in the field of construction, which remain a core contributor to the growth of economy, but still suffers from low productivity, higher costs and wastages. Unsafe working conditions and resultant pollution are other areas of concern. This calls for modernization of construction and by using pre cut & bent TMT bars many of these issues are addressed
This document provides an overview of water jet and abrasive water jet machining processes. It discusses how water jet machining works by using high pressure water to cut materials. It then explains how abrasive water jet machining incorporates abrasive materials into water jets to increase cutting speed and the range of cuttable materials. The document outlines several applications for each process and compares them to other machining methods like lasers and milling. It also discusses factors that influence the cost of operating water jet systems and predicts continued growth and advances in water jet technology in the future.
Tool manufacturers are now providing their tools through onlineDevendra Pandey
Most tooling manufacturers represent considerable authority in at least one region, and have created innovations that provide efficiencies that were inconceivable, even a couple of years back.
Used to cut much harder materials
Water is not used directly to cut material as in Pure, instead water is used to accelerate abrasive particles which do the cutting
Study of Manufacturing of Multi-Saddle ClampIRJET Journal
The document discusses the design and manufacturing of a multi-saddle clamp die. Previously, single cavity dies were used to manufacture individual saddle clamps through bending or blanking operations. However, this was an inefficient process. The proposed multi-saddle clamp die allows for multiple clamps to be manufactured simultaneously through bending and blanking operations in the same die, improving productivity. Key requirements for the die design include producing quality products efficiently while minimizing manufacturing costs and scrap material. The methodology involves identifying the problem, collecting information, and developing a solution to design a die that can manufacture multiple saddle clamps in a single cycle through different operations like surface grinding, drilling, tapping, and wire drawing.
Indespa Industries is an aluminum casting foundry located in Coimbatore, India established in 1995. The foundry has a capacity of 3000 tons per year and facilities for gravity die casting and sand casting. It has ISO 9001:2008 certification and produces aluminum alloy components for automotive and industrial applications weighing from 0.08kg to 20kg. The document provides details on Indespa's facilities, processes, customers, quality systems and certifications.
Similar to Guidelines for machining komadur wa pvc u sheet kommerling (20)
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai penggunaan PVC foam board sebagai bahan advertising yang murah namun efektif. PVC foam board memiliki karakteristik ringan, fleksibel, tahan cuaca, dan mudah diolah, sehingga cocok digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi signage seperti standee, poster, dan mounting dinding. Signage yang menggunakan bahan ini diyakini dapat membangun kesadaran merek secara terus-menerus dengan biaya yang le
Peek high performance thermoplastics material for compressor valve plateHudi Leksono
This document discusses factors that contribute to unscheduled shutdowns of reciprocating compressors. It identifies the top causes as being issues with compressor valves, packing, piston rings, and rider bands. The document then focuses on compressor valve issues, discussing valve design considerations, common failure modes, and advantages of using plastic versus metal materials for valve components. It highlights polyetheretherketone (PEEK) plastic as offering benefits like self-lubrication, lighter weight, self-sealing properties, corrosion resistance, and being less destructive if failure occurs compared to metal valves.
Pvc foam komatex for maquette modelling and designHudi Leksono
PVC foam sheet (Komatex) memiliki berat jenis lebih ringan dari PVC konvensional dan dapat diproses menjadi berbagai bentuk melalui pemanasan. Bahan ini sering digunakan untuk papan nama, rambu, dan display promosi, tetapi juga cocok untuk pembuatan maket, modeling, dan desain interior arsitektur karena fleksibel, mudah dipotong dan direkatkan, serta dapat dibentuk menjadi bentuk lengkung.
1. SUNLOID PC dapat digunakan untuk membuat atap solid sheet dengan direkatkan, ditekuk, atau dibentuk dengan mesin.
2. Beberapa pertimbangan dalam memasang SUNLOID PC antara lain memperhitungkan beban, merancang bentuk secara melengkung, melubangi dengan jarak tertentu dari pinggir, dan memasang pada frame aluminium dengan ruang ekspansi.
3. SUNLOID PC memiliki daya tahan tinggi terhadap suhu tinggi
Pvdf high purity plastics piping for de ionized waterHudi Leksono
This document discusses the benefits of using PVDF piping material for de-ionized water systems compared to stainless steel. Stainless steel poses problems like corrosion, biofilm formation, and leaching of metal ions into water systems. PVDF provides a smoother interior surface and is more resistant to corrosion, biofilm adhesion, and leaching. Studies show PVDF systems have lower levels of detectable ions and microbial fouling compared to stainless steel. PVDF maintains high purity of water needed for applications like pharmaceuticals and semiconductors. It has lower total costs than metal alternatives suitable for high purity systems.
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Pvc u food safe vs stainless steel economical comparationHudi Leksono
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Guidelines for machining komadur wa pvc u sheet kommerling
1. TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND FABRICATION
KOMADUR WA PVC-U TYPE 1
Flame Retardant & Resistant to Chemicals
KOMADUR is a Type I PVC sheet that meets the most specific demands for the
chemical,
building and
electrical engineering industries.
From the point of view of users, KOMADUR PVC Type I is easy-to-use and offers a very high level of
efficiency when fabricated.
KOMADUR is the result of intensive research and development work as well as more than 30 years’
experience in the extrusion of PVC sheets. During this period, the material has undergone continuous
development and improvement and been adapted to suit the changing needs of the market. The result is a
system of solid Type 1 PVC sheets that stand out, thanks to their homogeneous, smooth and glossy
surface finish. They are flame-retardant, and resistant to chemicals and corrosion, in line with DIN
8061, as well as to most aggressive environments.
5. • Machining
• Working process/Cutting geometry
• Forming (non‐cutting shaping)
• Welding
• Bonding
Fabrication: Machining
When working with KOMADUR PVC sheets, there are a number of special guidelines and
directions that must be complied with. The following data and values are provided for
orientation purposes. Although they have been obtained by conducting a great variety of
trials and tests, they cannot be assumed to be binding for every type of application.
Almost all tools and machine tools used to work metal and wood can also be used
to work KOMADUR PVC sheets. The cutting speeds are high, the feed rate low and the
cutting depth also low. In most cases, there is no need to cool either the cutting tools or
the cuts themselves, provided that the cutting edges of the tools are kept sharp and the
heat that arises through the cutting process is dissipated by quickly removing the chips. If
the depth of the cut is deeper, the cut will have to be cooled in order to prevent the
material from “smearing”: this can be done using compressed air or water (cooling
medium).
Furthermore, the existing safety instructions also require that chips and dust be properly
extracted.
Please note that whichever method is chosen to work KOMADUR, deep grooves and
sharp edges must be avoided as they would lead to early breakage of the material due to
the known notching effect when put under strain. Smooth surfaces at the edges can be
6. obtained by finishing them with buffing wheels made of felt, unbleached calico or sisal
weave, or with felt tapes. Grinding or polishing pastes can also be used. Uneven edges
that arise during sawing, drilling or milling can be given a clean finish using flat scrapers
(grinding angle 15°).
Guideline values regarding the cutting conditions and shapes of cuts and sections in
connection with the working processes described below can be found in the table on page
15; for further details, see VDI Specification 2003.
Sawing
High‐speed band saws and circular saws with a cutting speed of up to 3,000 m/min are
recommended. Depending on the thickness of the sheets, saw blades with a tooth pitch of
between 5 and 10 mm are used. For circular saws, it is normally recommended to use
blades with a tooth geometry that alternates between flat teeth, trapezoidal teeth and
carbide‐tipped teeth.
The saw blade diameter (Ø) and the number of teeth (t) must be coordinated to match
the material to be machined, the machine type and the machine speed.
In order to obtain clean edges to cuts and to avoid cracking, always clamp the sheet
material in the work‐holding fixture in such a way that it does not vibrate. This is
especially important for thin sheets with a thickness of 1‐3 mm, not only when machining
them singly, but also in a stack. Use guillotine shears to cut a thickness of 1 mm.
In the case of jigsaws, use only sharpened, unset saw blades (plastics, PVC). The feed
(manual) must be at a slow, constant speed. In particular cases, it may be advisable to
make use of the consulting service offered by the saw‐blade manufacturer.
Information about the cutting geometry of the machining processes can be found in the
Working process/Cutting geometry table. The information and instructions given by the
respective machine manufacturer must of course be observed.
Drilling
All PVC sheets in question can be drilled using the sort of twist drills familiar from
drilling metals (DIN 1412 twist drills) whose angle of twist is approx. 30°. The point (or
nose) angle can be up to approx. 110°, while the lip relief angle should be no smaller than
12‐16°.
The cutting and feed speeds depend on the depth of the hole to be drilled: the thicker the
sheet, the slower the speed.
For holes larger than 20 mm in diameter, two‐flute cutters with pilots are used. Holes
larger than 40 mm in diameter are cut using circular cutters (e.g. quick‐ helix drills).
7. Turning
When rough turning, it is advisable to combine a slow feed rate with a greater cutting
depth and to use a cutting tip with a radius of at least 0.5 mm in order to obtain a groove‐
free surface.
The cutting depth should be maximum 2 mm for fine turning. If a faster feed rate is
selected, cracking of the material can be avoided by setting a slower cutting speed.
Milling
The milling tools have to be ground so that they are suitable for working the plastic
material. They must also provide enough space for an adequate volume of chips. Working
with a fast forward feed rate along with moderate cutting speed and deep cuts will lead to
good results. 3‐D milling can also be performed without any problem with KOMADUR.
For this purpose, the plotter system is equipped with a special ball nose end mill and
linked with suitable computer software.
Cutting, punching, perforating
KOMADUR sheets up to 3 mm thick can be cut with guillotine (sheet) shears. The cut
must be made swiftly and without interruption. The sheets should have room
temperature, i.e. at least 20 °C. Thicker sheets (> 3 mm) should be cut using a saw.
KOMADUR sheets up to 3 mm thick can be punched and perforated with profiling knives
or two‐piece tools. Also recommended are punching tools (made of strip steel) with facet
cut (beveled edge) on both sides. Heating the PVC material to 30 to 40 °C is useful and
aids the working process.
Laser Cutting
Due to the heat that is transferred to the material during laser cutting, this process is
unsuitable for rigid foam sheets.
Water‐jet cutting
An alternative cutting technology (cold‐cutting process) is water‐jet cutting.
This cutting method is especially suitable for KOMADUR when complex contours are to
be cut out.
Up to a sheet thickness of 3 mm, cutting can be performed using a pure water jet. For
thicknesses of 4 mm and more, however, an abrasive agent (e.g. silica sand) should be
added to the cutting water.
Different cutting speeds can be used depending on the type and thickness of the sheet
and the type and quality of the cutting unit. The cutting speed depends mainly on the
quality of the cutting surface wanted and should perhaps be discussed and agreed upon
with the customer.
8. At the beginning of every series, therefore, we advise you to first of all determine the
correct cutting speed with respect to the quality of the cutting surface.
Working process/Cutting geometry table
9. Fabrication: Forming (non‐cutting shaping)
KOMADUR PVC sheets can be formed, (i.e. worked or shaped without cutting), by
means of a number of different processes: folding, bending, compression molding,
upsetting, stretch forming and thermoforming.
The accompanying diagram shows that the forming properties of KOMADUR PVC sheets
are dependent on the temperature. These properties are of practical importance with
regard to workability and use of the sheets.
The modulus of elasticity and the tensile strength indicate the deformation resistance,
the elongation at tear, and the deformability of the material at the respective
temperature. Usually, the sheets are formed during the elastic‐plastic phase of the
material, in which maximum degrees of expansion/elongation are reached and the forces
required for forming can be kept low.
10. In order to prevent damage to their structure, KOMADUR sheets must not be formed at
and below the softening temperature, (i.e. at temperatures below 90 °C). The most
favorable temperature range for each of the various hot‐working processes depends on
the sheet material and application (120‐140° C for folding, bending, compression molding
and thermoforming; 135‐180° C with restrictions). If the material is heated above 180° C, it
initially leads to discoloration and then to thermal damage. Avoid forming rigid foam
sheets at temperatures below 120° C to avoid damaging the cell structure.
Good forming is possible only when the sheet material is thoroughly and homogeneously
heated. The sheets are preferably heated using infrared heaters, but heating ovens or
circulating‐air ovens can also be used. During folding processes, for example, the sheets
require localized heating, for which heating elements can be used.
Furthermore, we recommend sheets 3 mm thick and more be heated on both sides in
order to avoid damage to the one surface through overheating and to shorten the heating
time.
Thermoforming and stretch forming
KOMADUR PVC sheets can be thermoformed or stretch‐formed on all commercially
available forming machines. The only stipulation is that the machines are protected
against draughts on all sides.
Fast working cycle times can be achieved if the tools used for these forming processes are
cooled. In the case of vacuum forming, sand blasted surfaces have the advantage that the
air can be completely extracted without leaving any air pockets. The diameter of the
vacuum bores should not exceed 0.8 mm in order to prevent deformation of the drill
holes. The edges should generally be rounded with a radius that is no more than between
one and three times the thickness of the sheet.
In the case of KOMADUR, male molds must be sufficiently conical: approx. 5°. Female
molds do not need to be conical, as the thermoformed parts separate from the mold as
they cool down.
Cooling is generally carried out using compressed air. Compressed air combined with
sprayed water, however, must not be used until the surfaces have hardened.
Of the various thermo and stretch‐forming processes, particular mention should be made
of the air‐slip processes in which the heated sheets are pre‐stretched pneumatically, (i.e.
by air). These processes are the ones that generally produce thermoformed parts with the
most uniform material thickness.
In this connection, it is important to mention that the forming process of the material
stops wherever the PVC sheet touches something (the mold).
11. Thermoformed parts will for the most part not warp if the forming temperature is high,
the parts are cooled down slowly, the molds are opened at rather low temperatures, and
the rims are trimmed immediately after the parts have been removed from the molds. For
the forming process itself and the design of the molds, the shrinkage of sheets has to be
taken into account. KOMADUR sheets can shrink by up to 0.5%, particularly in the
direction of extrusion.
Folding, bending, compression molding
Folding and bending of KOMADUR PVC sheets must only be performed on suitable
equipment. The bending radius must never be smaller than two to three times the
thickness of the sheet. The heated zone should have a width of at least five times the
thickness of the sheet.
After cooling, linear heating of the material will lead to stresses developing within the
PVC, which cause warping when folding short lengths.
Sides with a length 20 times the thickness of the sheet will not warp. For this reason, we
recommend you heat up the entire section in order to prevent short sides from warping.
Folds with a relatively small radius can be made by notching (V‐notch) the inner side.
Hot‐folding of sheets
To prevent the cell structure from being stretched to too great a degree, a minimum
bending radius of approximately twice the thickness of the sheet must be observed. In the
case of PVC sheets 8 mm or thicker, please remove the excess material by milling a V‐
shaped groove along the inside of the bending edge before bending.
You can then carefully heat up the outside of the bending edge, bend up a fold and bond
the joint created. However, a remaining thickness of 1 to 2 mm must be left in the rigid
foam sheets. When milling, make sure that the V‐shaped groove is 1° larger than the
desired bending angle, i.e. 91° in the case of a 90° angle.
Cold‐bending of sheets
The minimum bending radius when cold‐bending rigid foam sheets is roughly 100 times
the thickness of the sheet (i.e. 200 mm for a 2 mm‐thick sheet). To cold bend thick
sheets, use a bench saw to saw around ten parallel grooves into the sheet with a clearance
between them the width of the saw blade, leaving a remaining thickness of 1 to 2 mm. You
can also use this method to bend thick sheets to any desired angle without heating them.
Embossing
Impressions such as letters, characters, numbers and ciphers are embossed with tools
familiar from sheet‐metal working and the cardboard and leather industries. The tools
must be preheated (100–130 °C are recommended).
12. The actual embossing process generally does not require the sheet material to be heated.
Further information and useful advice on forming PVC‐U sheets can be found in VDI
specification 2008, pages 1 to 3.
Hot‐working processes
In order to prevent damage to their structure, KOMADUR sheets must not be formed at
and below the softening temperature, (i.e. at temperatures below 90 °C). The most
favorable temperature range for each of the various hot‐working processes depends on
the sheet material and application (120‐140° C for folding, bending, compression molding
and thermoforming; 135‐180° C with restrictions). If the material is heated above 180° C, it
initially leads to discoloration and then to thermal damage. Avoid forming rigid foam
sheets at temperatures below 120° C to avoid damaging the cell structure.
Fabrication: Welding
KOMADUR is made of thermoplastic materials. The sheets can be welded by means of
familiar welding processes, such as hot‐gas welding, heated‐tool welding, folding and
welding and friction welding, and using all pieces of equipment commonly available on
the market.
Please always make sure before welding that the sheets in the welding zone have been
properly cleaned with a cleaning agent or, better still, by machining.
After the welding process, and depending upon the kind of product and application, you
have to decide whether the weld seams need finishing or not. Filing, planing, grinding or
smoothing are suitable methods to finish the weld seams. In all cases, it is important to
work with care in order to avoid notching.
Hot‐gas welding (with welding rod)
When hot‐gas welding with a welding tip, the sheet material and the welding rod are
plasticised at the weld by means of heated gas (max. 0.3 bar, low‐ pressure blowers, e.g.
from Leister, Wegener, Zinser, Forsthoff) and preferably oil and water‐free compressed
air, and are then joined under pressure.
The necessary welding rods are part of our production range; they are available as coils or
as pieces in different lengths and with different profiles. Both manual welding and
machine welding are possible. The market offers a wide range of different welding
equipment and welding tips.
In particular, high‐speed nozzles have proven themselves, enabling high welding speeds
and producing good and reliable weld seams by evenly heating up the sheet and welding
rod.
13. Semi‐automatic welding units with mechanical feed are particularly suitable for series
production runs.
The most frequent welds are the fillet weld, the single V and the double‐V butt weld (see
DIN 16930 and 16932). Thin sheets are joined by single‐V butt welds, thick sheets by
double‐V butt welds. The latter should be produced by welding on both sides, alternately,
to avoid warping and buckling. The standard values for the temperature of heated gas
(measured in the nozzle) as shown in the accompanying table should be complied with in
order to achieve weld seams with good welding factors.
Heated‐tool welding (butt welding)
Another method of welding KOMADUR PVC sheets is the heated‐tool welding
procedure, in which tools of different shapes (circular, sword‐shaped) are used. The
perfectly smoothed‐out and cleaned surfaces of the parts to be welded are heated up
slightly by pressing them against the heated tool until they are plasticised. They are then
pressed together.
This welding process is simple and time saving, and produces joints that are almost free
of stress and capable of withstanding high stress.
14. As long as the welding conditions, which depend on the material (temperature of the
heated tools, contact pressure against the tool, contact pressure when joining and
immediate joining after plasticising), are adhered to, the strength of the welding seams is
almost equal to the strength of the basic material itself. Please refer to the above chart for
these heating and contact‐pressure conditions.
Welding
The following parameters must be precisely adjusted and checked at regular intervals.
During the course of heating, the plasticised material forms a bead. Heating should be
stopped when this bead is 1‐2 mm thick. The contact pressure of the heated tool against
the sheet must be set so low in order to avoid too much of the plasticised material being
squeezed out of the plasticised zone.
Immediately after removing the heated tool from the sheet, the plasticised parts must be
firmly pressed together until the material has hardened again.
Folding and welding
The folding and welding process is a modification of the butt‐welding process. The sheet
is resting on an even surface. The heated tool is placed on the sheet along the bending
(folding) line as a cutting edge until it melts into the material.
The edge of the bar has an angle of 60° for rectangular folding. The bar should penetrate
the sheet by up to 2/3 of its thickness, before it is raised again. Immediately on removing
the bar, the sheet is folded and welded along the plasticised line.
In order to produce the necessary pressure at the heated bar, the angle between the edges
to be welded must be 15° to 20° smaller than the folding angle wanted. If thick sheets have
to be folded, the heating time can be reduced by milling a wedge‐shaped groove into the
welding line before applying the heated bar.
Fabrication: Bonding
KOMADUR sheets can be bonded to one another, and to other materials. Different
adhesive types may be used depending on the requirements and the specific use. Though
several other adhesives can be used, we recommend bonding KOMADUR sheets together,
and to other substrates, using KORAFIT. We also suggest testing any adhesive prior to
using it in a production situation. The stability characteristics of the cured bonding seams
lie within the material stability range of the sheets themselves.