This document provides guidelines for applying the Risk Management Framework (RMF) to federal information systems. The RMF is a six-step process for integrating security and risk management activities into the system development life cycle. The six steps are: (1) categorize the system, (2) select security controls, (3) implement controls, (4) assess controls, (5) authorize the system, and (6) monitor controls. Applying the RMF helps ensure security controls are built into systems and risks are managed on an ongoing basis through activities such as continuous monitoring. The document is intended for individuals involved in system development, security, and risk management.
People are a critical factor in any cyber security imitative. In this session we will cover the roles and responsibilities defined by NIST for the Risk Management Framework (RMF). This is third in a series on NIST’s Risk Management Framework (RMF). This session covers topics in (ISC)2 CAP certification, FISMA, Certification and Accreditation, DIACAP, and DIARMF.
INFOSECFORCE Risk Management Framework Transition PlanBill Ross
7 slide briefing showing the migration from DIACAP to the Risk Management Framework. It also shows the idea and synchronization between RMF and continuou monitoring. PCI should adopt this framework.
Developing a Continuous Monitoring Action PlanTripwire
At the direction of OMB and NIST, security and IT pros in federal government must develop plans to implement "continuous monitoring," the practice of using IT security controls to constantly monitor and manage the security status of their information systems and networks. The transition from static security to continuous monitoring requires a new approach to IT security, and IT teams must devise a strategy and roadmap to be successful.
In this editorial Webcast, cybersecurity experts will help discuss the tools and processes involved in moving from a traditional security environment to one designed around continuous monitoring. This Webcast will help government IT pros:
Understand the objectives of continuous monitoring, such as reduced threat exposure through real time risk assessment and response.
Identify the steps involved, including determining the security impact of changes to IT systems and producing assessment reports.
Assess system requirements in areas such as malware detection and event and incident management.
Determine the need for upgrades and investment in new technologies.
People are a critical factor in any cyber security imitative. In this session we will cover the roles and responsibilities defined by NIST for the Risk Management Framework (RMF). This is third in a series on NIST’s Risk Management Framework (RMF). This session covers topics in (ISC)2 CAP certification, FISMA, Certification and Accreditation, DIACAP, and DIARMF.
INFOSECFORCE Risk Management Framework Transition PlanBill Ross
7 slide briefing showing the migration from DIACAP to the Risk Management Framework. It also shows the idea and synchronization between RMF and continuou monitoring. PCI should adopt this framework.
Developing a Continuous Monitoring Action PlanTripwire
At the direction of OMB and NIST, security and IT pros in federal government must develop plans to implement "continuous monitoring," the practice of using IT security controls to constantly monitor and manage the security status of their information systems and networks. The transition from static security to continuous monitoring requires a new approach to IT security, and IT teams must devise a strategy and roadmap to be successful.
In this editorial Webcast, cybersecurity experts will help discuss the tools and processes involved in moving from a traditional security environment to one designed around continuous monitoring. This Webcast will help government IT pros:
Understand the objectives of continuous monitoring, such as reduced threat exposure through real time risk assessment and response.
Identify the steps involved, including determining the security impact of changes to IT systems and producing assessment reports.
Assess system requirements in areas such as malware detection and event and incident management.
Determine the need for upgrades and investment in new technologies.
Introduction to NIST’s Risk Management Framework (RMF)Donald E. Hester
This introductory session will cover the basic steps of the Risk Management Framework (RMF) and the transition away from the previous Certification and Accreditation approach to information systems security and assurance. This will also cover the benefits of the RMF for organizations, local, state, and federal governments.
Understanding the NIST Risk Management Framework: 800-37 Rev. 2Denise Tawwab
Denise Tawwab's presentation on "Understanding the NIST Risk Management Framework" given at the Techno Security & Digital Forensics Conference on June 3, 2019 in Myrtle Beach, SC.
As an information security professional, it is your role to take on the cybersecurity challenges in your organization. That is where a solid understanding of Risk Management comes in. Risk Management is a lot like a chess game. To succeed you need to understand the risks ahead and be able to plot future scenarios, to weigh up the relative impacts and then plan accordingly. Scroll through this slideshare to learn about 4 essential frameworks.
Stop Chasing the Version: Compliance with CIPv5 through CIPv99 Tripwire
For many energy companies, readying for compliance with the latest version of NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) standards, whether they be v5, v6, v7 or beyond is not the first priority – delivering reliable energy to the BES is. So, how does a company deal not only with the impending changes of CIP v5, but do so in a manner that best positions them for compliance with future versions and secures their cyber environment?
Join our live webcast on Thursday February 5 to hear from ICF, Tripwire, and AssurX industry experts who are helping organizations already grappling with the new and upcoming CIP requirements, implementing a risk based approach, the steps they are taking to get ahead of the curve, and addressing the uncertainty.
Key Takeaways - Regarding Readiness for NERC CIPv5 (and beyond):
•Best approaches for achieving compliance in a changing environment. (i.e. v5, v6, v7).
•How to save time, resources, and achieve automation with practical guidance on compliance efforts for current and future CIP requirements.
•Practical highlights and key controls from those already working on the most pressing issues.
Planning and Deploying an Effective Vulnerability Management ProgramSasha Nunke
This presentation covers the essential components of a successful Vulnerability Management program that allows you proactively identify risk to protect your network and critical business assets.
Key take-aways:
* Integrating the 3 critical factors - people, processes & technology
* Saving time and money via automated tools
* Anticipating and overcoming common Vulnerability Management roadblocks
* Meeting security regulations and compliance requirements with Vulnerability Management
This white paper endeavors to compare the traditional Threat identification techniques and the challenges they pose as they are applied into current product designs. It also proposes the key elements to consider while designing new threat identification solutions.
Introduction to NIST’s Risk Management Framework (RMF)Donald E. Hester
This introductory session will cover the basic steps of the Risk Management Framework (RMF) and the transition away from the previous Certification and Accreditation approach to information systems security and assurance. This will also cover the benefits of the RMF for organizations, local, state, and federal governments.
Understanding the NIST Risk Management Framework: 800-37 Rev. 2Denise Tawwab
Denise Tawwab's presentation on "Understanding the NIST Risk Management Framework" given at the Techno Security & Digital Forensics Conference on June 3, 2019 in Myrtle Beach, SC.
As an information security professional, it is your role to take on the cybersecurity challenges in your organization. That is where a solid understanding of Risk Management comes in. Risk Management is a lot like a chess game. To succeed you need to understand the risks ahead and be able to plot future scenarios, to weigh up the relative impacts and then plan accordingly. Scroll through this slideshare to learn about 4 essential frameworks.
Stop Chasing the Version: Compliance with CIPv5 through CIPv99 Tripwire
For many energy companies, readying for compliance with the latest version of NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) standards, whether they be v5, v6, v7 or beyond is not the first priority – delivering reliable energy to the BES is. So, how does a company deal not only with the impending changes of CIP v5, but do so in a manner that best positions them for compliance with future versions and secures their cyber environment?
Join our live webcast on Thursday February 5 to hear from ICF, Tripwire, and AssurX industry experts who are helping organizations already grappling with the new and upcoming CIP requirements, implementing a risk based approach, the steps they are taking to get ahead of the curve, and addressing the uncertainty.
Key Takeaways - Regarding Readiness for NERC CIPv5 (and beyond):
•Best approaches for achieving compliance in a changing environment. (i.e. v5, v6, v7).
•How to save time, resources, and achieve automation with practical guidance on compliance efforts for current and future CIP requirements.
•Practical highlights and key controls from those already working on the most pressing issues.
Planning and Deploying an Effective Vulnerability Management ProgramSasha Nunke
This presentation covers the essential components of a successful Vulnerability Management program that allows you proactively identify risk to protect your network and critical business assets.
Key take-aways:
* Integrating the 3 critical factors - people, processes & technology
* Saving time and money via automated tools
* Anticipating and overcoming common Vulnerability Management roadblocks
* Meeting security regulations and compliance requirements with Vulnerability Management
This white paper endeavors to compare the traditional Threat identification techniques and the challenges they pose as they are applied into current product designs. It also proposes the key elements to consider while designing new threat identification solutions.
"Accelerating Talent and Startups in South-Eastern Europe", Speech at Stanfor...Irena N. Chaushevska M.A.
Speech by Irena Chaushevska, CEO & Founder of NewMan's Business Accelerator, at Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA, on Feb 8, 2016, as part of the course European Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Lecturer: Burton Lee.
Irena was the first entrepreneur from the Republic of Macedonia invited to give a speech at Stanford University.
Website: http://www.StanfordEuropreneurs.org
In this short how-to presentation, I am celebrating Unix.
All other systems and even the interent would not have been possible but for ATT making Unix freely available.
What a collosal think tank Unix at ATT had. What a shame the short-sighted ATT CEO dismantled it. God Only knows what else those brilliant minds would have created for the world. Loss is profoundly ours. And we celebrate Unix.
R Programming language (S from ATT) does analytics. Here we show only data preparation and loading.
People are a critical factor in any cyber security imitative. In this session we will cover the roles and responsibilities defined by NIST for the Risk Management Framework (RMF). This is third in a series on NIST’s Risk Management Framework (RMF). This session covers topics in (ISC)2 CAP certification, FISMA, Certification and Accreditation, DIACAP, and DIARMF.
Dealing with Information Security, Risk Management & Cyber ResilienceDonald Tabone
Information Security
1.Why the need to think about it?
2.What exactly are we talking about?
3.How do we go about doing something about it?
4.Is there a one-size-fits-all framework?
The RMF: New Emphasis on the Risk Management Framework for Government Organiz...Tripwire
The realities of security, compliance and IT Operations are forcing Federal organizations to rethink risk management. The Risk Management Framework (RMF), created by the DoD, provides a solid foundation for security program design and FISMA compliance that can help reduce risk in your environment.
Federal Security and Compliance Expert Sean Sherman and Tripwire Senior Systems Engineer Steven Tipton discuss:
· The RMF process and requirements
· Pragmatic advice on getting started with RMF
· How Tripwire solutions fit into each step of the RMF process
Join us for an in-depth look at NIST-RMF and its cost effective organizational benefits.
E’s Data Security Company Strategic Security Plan – 2015.docxmydrynan
E’s Data Security Company Strategic Security Plan – 2015
Table of Contents
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Objectives 3
1.3 Determine company position 4
2 INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY 4
2.1 Develop 4
2.2 Information Security Employee Responsibilities 4
2.3 Establish Oversight Authority for Information Security 4
2.4 Establish Reporting Procedures for Leaders 5
2.5 Review of Pertinent or Sensitive Data 5
2.6 Purge Unneeded Data 5
3.3 Unauthorized Systems Access – 6
4.3 Educate employees on cyber threats and trends 6
5 EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 7
5.1 Chain of Command 7
5.2 Communications plan 7
5.3 Safety and Security Drills 7
6. SECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT 7
7 REFERENCES 9
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Per APA, Always Use Times new Roman 12 Font…
E’s Data Security Company was established in 2010. It is an organization that provides data security and network solutions to the state and local government of the US Virgin Islands. An executive summary is much more than just one sentence… Add much more detail here… I suggest you eliminate the executive summary and start with your introduction.. 1.1 Introduction
In April 2014 E’s Data Security Company began its first phase of implementing a security plan for use within the company. This began what began?? Add more clarity here… by hiring its first Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) for the sole purpose of creating a security program for IT purposes (Scalet, 2006). Initially, the efforts of this plan were focused on obtaining the proper staffing to provide support in the implementation of this plan. It is imperative to understand that the development of an IT Security Program is an ongoing process that is ever-evolving, and a shared responsibility (M.U.S.E., n.d.). By coordinating efforts with local, state, and federal government entities, this plan creates a comprehensive opportunity to address the need for such a plan. Due to the fact that this organization serves a small community, the planning process will mainly rely principally on informal relationships. The formalization of this planning process varies based on the frequency of a particular hazard and its impact on the community.
1.2 Objectives This plan is presented and lists a set of goals for oversight and program implementation.
A. Implement and maintain policies and procedures for data security. B. Implement and maintain procedures to test system resilience.
C. Implement and maintain education for employees regarding system vulnerabilities.
D. Implement and maintain physical security procedures.
E. Implement, maintain and review policies for emergency response(s). 1.3 Determine company position
In order tTo determine where the organization stands, an external and internal audit will be conducted to determine its competency (Entrepreneurs, 2011). What is the purpose of this section?? 2 INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY
2.1 Develop – In collaboration with government agencies, the strategic plan ...
· Processed on 09-Dec-2014 901 PM CST · ID 488406360 · Word .docxLynellBull52
· Processed on 09-Dec-2014 9:01 PM CST
· ID: 488406360
· Word Count: 1969
Similarity Index
47%
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Internet Sources:
46%
Publications:
2%
Student Papers:
N/A
sources:
1
30% match (Internet from 27-Mar-2009)
http://www.isaca.org/Content/ContentGroups/Journal1/20023/The_IS_Audit_Process.htm
2
13% match (Internet from 29-Mar-2011)
http://www.scribd.com/doc/36655995/Chapter-1-the-Information-System-Audit-Process
3
2% match (publications)
Athula Ginige. "Web site auditing", Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering and knowledge engineering - SEKE 02 SEKE 02, 2002
4
1% match (Internet from 26-Feb-2012)
http://www.dc.fi.udc.es/~parapar/files/ai/The_IS_Audit_Process_isaca_sayana.pdf
5
1% match (Internet from 01-Apr-2009)
http://www.idkk.gov.tr/web/guest/it_audit_manual_isaca
paper text:
Running head: AUDITING INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROCESS Auditing information systems process Student’s Name University Affiliation Auditing information systems 2process Information systems are the livelihood of any huge business. As in past years, computer systems do not simply record transactions of business, but essentially drive the main business procedures of the enterprise. In such a situation, superior management and business managers do have worries concerning information systems. Auditing is a methodical process by which a proficient, independent person impartially obtains and assesses evidence concerning assertions about a financial entity or occasion for the reason of outlining an outlook about and reporting on the extent to which the contention matches to an acknowledged set of standards. Auditing of information systems is the administration controls assessment inside the communications of Information Technology. The obtained proof valuation is used to decide if systems of information are defensive assets, maintenance reliability of data, and also if they are efficiently operating in order to attain organization’s goals or objectives (Hoelzer, 2009). Auditing of Information Systems has become an essential part of business organization in both large and small business environments. This paper examines the preliminary points for carrying out and Information system audit and some of the, techniques, tools, guidelines and standards that can be employed to build, manage, and examine the review function. The Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) qualifications is recognized worldwide as a standard of accomplishment for those who assess, monitor, control and audit the information technology of an organization and business systems. Information Systems experts with a concern in information systems security, control and audit. At least five years of specialized information systems security, auditing and control work practice is necessary for certification. An audit contract should be present to evidently state the responsibility of the management, 2objectives for, and designation of authority to Information .
DEPARTMENT CYBERSECURITY What’s Your IT Risk ApproaLinaCovington707
DEPARTMENT: CYBERSECURITY
What’s Your IT Risk
Approach?
Risk is the likelihood that a loss will occur. Losses occur
when a threat exposes vulnerability. To identify risks, you
need to identify the threats and vulnerabilities and then
estimate the likelihood of a threat-exploiting vulnerability.
Risk management starts with an understanding of the
threats and vulnerabilities, after which the appropriate
mitigation action is identified. It is a series of coordinated
activities to direct and control challenges or threats to
achieving an organization’s goals. Enterprise Risk
Management (ERM) is an organization-wide approach to
addressing the full spectrum of the organization’s
significant risks by understanding the combined impact of risks as an interrelated portfolio,
rather than addressing risks only within silos.
Cybersecurity risk is the risk to an organizational operation’s mission, function, image,
reputation, organizational assets, individuals, and the nation due to the potential for unauthorized
access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction of information and/or
information systems. Information system–related security risks are those that arise through the
loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability of information systems. Cyber risk, like any other
type of risk, cannot be eliminated—it must be managed. Effective cybersecurity demands the
shared responsibility of all. The management of organizational risk is a key element of an
enterprise-wide information security program that provides an effective framework for
minimizing risks from security threat.
The objective of a cybersecurity risk-management program is to provide an integrated view of IT
risk across the entire organization and to ensure that risk issues are integrated into the strategic
decision-making process to further the achievement of performance goals. Within the US
Department of Education’s Federal Student Aid (FSA) cybersecurity risk-management program,
the objective is to strengthen information technology systems’ security through effective risk
management, understand the threats and vulnerabilities, and then mitigate the risks or reduce the
potential impacts. Effectively managing cybersecurity risk is a continuous activity and requires
communication across all levels of an organization.
OMB Circular A-123’s Management’s Responsibility for Enterprise Risk Management and
Internal Control1 requires all federal agencies to implement an ERM capability. ERM is the
discipline that identifies, assesses, and manages risks to all concentration of efforts toward key
points of failure and reduces or eliminates potential disruptive events. ERM is part of the overall
governance process and is an integral part of cybersecurity risk management, ensuring that
actions taken support the enterprise mission and goals. It provides a holistic approach to
managing risk opportunistically to achieve maximum results for the ...
Bluedog White Paper - overview of RMF implementation.pdftom termini
The Risk Management Framework (RMF) is an integral component of information security management, primarily associated with NIST's SP 800-37 guide, as a part of the broader E-Government Act of 2002, seeks to enhance the management of electronic government services and processes.
RMF guides federal agencies through a well-defined seven-step process, ensuring the security, authorization, and effective management of IT systems. Notably, RMF Revision 2 stands out as the first NIST publication to holistically address both privacy and security risk management within a single, integrated methodology.
These steps include preparation, categorization, security controls, authorizing systems, and monitoring. Implementing these steps ensures a comprehensive approach to information security and risk mitigation, aligning with regulatory requirements and the commitment to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. NIST's RMF brings standardization and improved reciprocity across government controls and language, enabling risk-focused solutions tailored to diverse components and systems.
NIST Special Publication 800-37 Revision 2 Ris.docxrobert345678
NIST Special Publication 800-37
Revision 2
Risk Management Framework for
Information Systems and Organizations
A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy
JOINT TASK FORCE
This publication is available free of charge from:
https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-37r2
This publication contains comprehensive updates to the
Risk Management Framework. The updates include an
alignment with the constructs in the NIST Cybersecurity
Framework; the integration of privacy risk management
processes; an alignment with system life cycle security
engineering processes; and the incorporation of supply
chain risk management processes. Organizations can
use the frameworks and processes in a complementary
manner within the RMF to effectively manage security
and privacy risks to organizational operations and
assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation.
Revision 2 includes a set of organization-wide RMF tasks
that are designed to prepare information system owners
to conduct system-level risk management activities. The
intent is to increase the effectiveness, efficiency, and
cost-effectiveness of the RMF by establishing a closer
connection to the organization’s missions and business
functions and improving the communications among
senior leaders, managers, and operational personnel.
https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-37r2
NIST Special Publication 800-37
Revision 2
Risk Management Framework for
Information Systems and Organizations
A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy
JOINT TASK FORCE
This publication is available free of charge from:
https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-37r2
December 2018
U.S. Department of Commerce
Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Walter Copan, NIST Director and Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology
https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-37r2
NIST SP 800-37, REVISION 2 RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND ORGANIZATIONS
A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy
________________________________________________________________________________________________
PAGE i
This publication is available free of charge from
: https://doi.org/10.6028/N
IST.S
P
.800-37r2
Authority
This publication has been developed by NIST to further its statutory responsibilities under the
Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA), 44 U.S.C. § 3551 et seq., Public Law
(P.L.) 113-283. NIST is responsible for developing information security standards and guidelines,
including minimum requirements for federal information systems, but such standards and
guidelines shall .
Similar to Guide for Applying The Risk Management Framework to Federal Information Systems (20)
NIST Special Publication 800-37 Revision 2 Ris.docx
Guide for Applying The Risk Management Framework to Federal Information Systems
1. Guide for Applying The
Risk Management
Framework to Federal
Information Systems
A Security Life Cycle Approach
Abdulmajeed, Joanna, Xiaoqian, Guillermo, Julio
2. INTRODUCTION
-Organizations depend on information technology and the information systems that are developed from that
technology to successfully carry out their missions and business functions.
-Threats to information and information systems include environmental disruptions, human or machine errors, and
purposeful attacks.
- Successful attacks on public and private sector information systems can result in serious or grave damage to the
national and economic security interests of the United States.
-Given the significant and growing danger of these threats, it is imperative that leaders at all levels of an organization
understand their responsibilities for achieving adequate information security and for managing information system-
related security risks.
3. BACKGROUND
A publication, developed by the Joint Task Force Transformation Initiative Working Group, transforms the traditional
Certification and Accreditation (C&A) process into the six-step Risk Management Framework (RMF).
- building information security capabilities into federal information systems through the application of state-of-the-
practice management, operational, and technical security controls;
- maintaining awareness of the security state of information systems on an ongoing basis through enhanced
monitoring processes;
-providing essential information to senior leaders to facilitate decisions regarding the acceptance of risk to
organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation arising from the operation and
use of information systems.
4. PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY
-The purpose of this publication is to provide guidelines for applying the Risk Management Framework to federal
information systems to include conducting the activities of security categorization, security control selection and
implementation, security control assessment, information system authorization, and security control monitoring.
-The guidelines have been broadly developed from a technical perspective to complement similar guidelines for
national security systems and may be used for such systems with the approval of appropriate federal officials
exercising policy authority over such systems. State, local, and tribal governments, as well as private sector
organizations are encouraged to consider using these guidelines, as appropriate.
5. TARGET AUDIENCE
This publication serves individuals associated with the design, development, implementation, operation, maintenance,
and disposition of federal information systems including:
-Individuals with mission/business ownership responsibilities or fiduciary responsibilities;
-Individuals with information system development and integration responsibilities;
-Individuals with information system and/or security management/oversight responsibilities;
-Individuals with information system and security control assessment and monitoring responsibilities;
-Individuals with information security implementation and operational responsibilities
6. ORGANIZATION OF THIS SPECIAL PUBLICATION
-CHAPTER TWO describes the fundamental concepts associated with managing information system-related security
risks.
-CHAPTER THREE describes the tasks required to apply the Risk Management Framework to information systems.
-SUPPORTING APPENDICES s provide additional information regarding the application of the Risk Management
Framework to information systems
7. MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEM-RELATED SECURITY RISKS:
- This describes the basic concepts associated with managing information system-related
security risks. These concepts include: incorporating risk management principles and best
practices into organization-wide strategic planning considerations, core missions and
business processes, and supporting organizational information systems.
The Fundamentals
8. Cont…,
- The Risk Management Framework (RMF): provides a disciplined and structured process that integrates information security and risk management activities into the
system development life cycle.The RMF steps include: -> • Categorize. • Select. • Implement. • Assess. • Authorize. • Monitor.
9. Cont…,
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE:
Is the most cost-effective and efficient method for an organization to ensure that its protection strategy is implemented.
- INFORMATION SYSTEM BOUNDARIES: Information System Boundaries are established in coordination with the security categorization process
and before the development of security plans.
- These sections provide general guidelines to assist organizations in establishing appropriate system boundaries to achieve cost-effective
solutions for managing information security-related risks from the operation and use of information systems:
- Establishing Information System Boundaries.
- Boundaries for Complex Information Systems.
- Changing Technologies and the Effect on Information System Boundaries.
10. There are three types of security controls for information systems that can be employed by an organization: (i) system-specific controls (ii) common
controls (iii) hybrid controls. THIS graph illustrates security control allocation within an organization and using the RMF:
SECURITY CONTROL ALLOCATION
11. The Process
Executing The Risk Management Framework Tasks
- The process of applying Risk Management Framework to Federal Information Systems
- RMF tasks are executed concurrently with or as part of system development life cycle processes,
taking into account appropriate dependencies, to ensure the effective integration of management
information systems-related security risks with system development life cycle processes.
- To achieve this, RMF steps and associated task can be applied to both new and development and
legacy information systems.
- Legacy Systems - Steps 1 - 3.
- If weaknesses/deficiencies are discovered steps 3 - 6
- Else Move to Last Step (Monitoring)
12. The Process
RMF Tasks:
- RMF tasks support the selection, development, implementation, assessment, authorization, and
ongoing monitoring of common controls inherited by organizational information systems.
1. RMF STEP 1 – CATEGORIZE INFORMATION SYSTEM
2. RMF STEP 2 – SELECT SECURITY CONTROLS
3. RMF STEP 3 – IMPLEMENT SECURITY CONTROLS
4. RMF STEP 4 – ASSESS SECURITY CONTROLS
5. RMF STEP 5 – AUTHORIZE INFORMATION SYSTEM
6. RMF STEP 6 – MONITOR SECURITY CONTROLS
13. RMF STEP 1 – CATEGORIZE INFORMATION SYSTEM
- TASK1-1: Categorize the information system and document the results of the security categorization in the
security plan.
- TASK1-2: Describe the information system (including system boundary) and document the description in the
security plan.
- TASK1-3: Register the information system with appropriate organizational program/management offices.
14. Milestone Checkpoint # 1
- Has the organization completed a security categorization of the information system (informed by the initial risk assessment) including the
information to be processed, stored, and transmitted by the system?
- Are the results of the security categorization process for the information system consistent with the organization’s enterprise architecture and
commitment to protecting organizational mission/business processes?
- Do the results of the security categorization process reflect the organization’s risk management strategy?
- Has the organization adequately described the characteristics of the information system?
- Has the organization registered the information system for purposes of management, accountability, coordination, and oversight?
15. RMF STEP 2 – SELECT SECURITY CONTROLS
- Task 2-1: Identify the security controls that are provided by the organization as common controls for
organizational information
- Task 2-2: Select the security controls for the information system and document the controls in the security plan
- Task 2-3: Develop a strategy for the continuous monitoring of security control effectiveness and any proposed or
actual changes to the information system and its environment of operation
- Review and approve the security plan
-
16. Milestone Checkpoint # 2
- Has the organization allocated all security controls to the information system as system-specific, hybrid, or common controls?
- Has the organization used its risk assessment (either formal or informal) to inform and guide the security control selection
process?
- Has the organization identified authorizing officials for the information system and all common controls inherited by the
system?
- Has the organization tailored the baseline security controls to ensure that the controls, if implemented, adequately mitigate
risks to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation?
- Has the organization addressed minimum assurance requirements for the security controls employed within and inherited by
the information system?
17. Milestone Checkpoint # 2
- Has the organization consulted information system owners when identifying common controls to ensure that the security
capability provided by the inherited controls is sufficient to deliver adequate protection?
- Has the organization supplemented the common controls with system-specific or hybrid controls when the security control
baselines of the common controls are less than those of the information system inheriting the controls?
- Has the organization documented the common controls inherited from external providers?
- Has the organization developed a continuous monitoring strategy for the information system (including monitoring of security
control effectiveness for system-specific, hybrid, and common controls) that reflects the organizational risk management
strategy and organizational commitment to protecting critical missions and business functions?
- Have appropriate organizational officials approved security plans containing system-specific, hybrid, and common controls?
18. RMF STEP 3 – IMPLEMENT SECURITY CONTROLS
- TASK 3-1: Implement the security controls specified in the security plan.
- TASK 3-2: Document the secuirty control implementation, as appropiate, in the security plan, providing a
functional description of the control implementation (including planned input, expected behaviou, and expected
outputs).
19. Milestone Checkpoint # 3
- Has the organization allocated security controls as system-specific, hybrid, or common controls consistent with the enterprise
architecture and information security architecture?
- Has the organization demonstrated the use of sound information system and security engineering methodologies in
integrating information technology products into the information system and in implementing the security controls contained
in the security plan?
- Has the organization documented how common controls inherited by organizational information systems have been
implemented?
- Has the organization documented how system-specific and hybrid security controls have been implemented within the
information system taking into account specific technologies and platform dependencies?
- Has the organization taken into account the minimum assurance requirements when implementing security controls?
20. RMF STEP 4 – ASSESS SECURITY CONTROLS
- TASK 4-1: Develop ,review, and approve a plan to assess the security controls.
- TASK 4-2: Assess the security controls in according with the assessment procedures defined in the security assessment plan
- TASK 4-3: Prepare the security assessment report documenting the issues, findings, and recommendations from the security
control assessment.
- TASK 4-4: Conduct initial remediation actions on security controls based on the findings and recommendations of the security
assessment report and reassess remediated control(s) as appropriate.
-
21. Milestone Checkpoint # 4
- Has the organization developed a comprehensive plan to assess the security controls employed within or inherited by the
information system?
- Was the assessment plan reviewed and approved by appropriate organizational officials?
- Has the organization considered the appropriate level of assessor independence for the security control assessment?
- Has the organization provided all of the essential supporting assessment-related materials needed by the assessor(s) to
conduct an effective security control assessment?
- Has the organization examined opportunities for reusing assessment results from previous assessments or from other
sources?
- Did the assessor(s) complete the security control assessment in accordance with the stated assessment plan?
22. Milestone Checkpoint # 4
- Did the organization receive the completed security assessment report with appropriate findings and recommendations
from the assessor(s)?
- Did the organization take the necessary remediation actions to address the most important weaknesses and deficiencies in the
information system and its environment of operation based on the findings and recommendations in the security assessment
report?
- Did the assessor reassess the remediated controls for effectiveness to provide the authorization official with an unbiased,
factual security assessment report on the weaknesses or deficiencies in the system?
- Did the organization update appropriate security plans based on the findings and recommendations in the security assessment
report and any subsequent changes to the information system and its environment of operation?
23. RMF STEP 5 – ASSESS SECURITY CONTROLS
- TASK 5-1: Prepare the plan of action and milestone based on the findings and recommendations of the security assessment
report including any remediations actions taken
- TASK 5-2: Assemble the security authorization package and submit the package to the authorizing official for adjudication
- TASK 5-3: Determine the risk to organizational operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), organizations,
or the nation
- TASK 5-4: Determine if the risk to organizational operations, organizational assets, individuals, other organizations, or the
Nations is acceptable
-
24. Milestone Checkpoint # 5
- Did the organization develop a plan of action and milestones reflecting organizational priorities for addressing the remaining
weaknesses and deficiencies in the information system and its environment of operation?
- Did the organization develop an appropriate authorization package with all key documents including the security plan, security
assessment report, and plan of action and milestones (if applicable)?
- Did the final risk determination and risk acceptance by the authorizing official reflect the risk management strategy developed
by the organization and conveyed by the risk executive (function)?
- Was the authorization decision conveyed to appropriate organizational personnel including information system owners and
common control providers?
25. RMF STEP 6 – MONITOR SECURITY CONTROLS
- TASK 6-1: Determine the security impact of proposed or actual changes to the information system and its
environment of operation
- TASK 6-2: ASsess the technical, management, and operational security controls employed within and inherited
by the information system in accordance with the organization-defined monitoring strategy.
- TASK 6-3: Conduct remediation actions based on the results of ongoing monitoring activities, assessment of
risk, and outstanding items in the plan of action and milestone.
- TASK 6-4: Update the security plan, security assessment report, and plan of action and milestone based on the
result of the continuous monitoring process.
26. RMF STEP 6 – MONITOR SECURITY CONTROLS
- TASK 6-5: Report the security status of the information system (including the effectiveness of security controls
employed within and inherited by the system) to the authorizing official and other appropriate organizational
officials on an ongoing basis in accordance with the monitoring strategy.
- TASK 6-6: Review the reported security status of the information system (including the effectiveness of security
controls employed within and inherited by the system) on an ongoing basis in accordance with the monitoring
strategy to determine whether the risk to organizational operations, organizational assets, individuals, other
organizations, or the nation remains acceptable.
- TASK 6-7: Implement an information system disposal strategy, when needed, which executes required actions
when a system is removed from servoce
27. Milestone Checkpoint # 6
- Is the organization effectively monitoring changes to the information system and its environment of operation
including the effectiveness of deployed security controls in accordance with the continuous monitoring strategy?
- Is the organization effectively analyzing the security impacts of identified changes to the information system and
its environment of operation?
- Is the organization conducting ongoing assessments of security controls in accordance with the monitoring
strategy?
- Is the organization taking the necessary remediation actions on an ongoing basis to address identified
weaknesses and
deficiencies in the information system and its environment of operation?
28. Milestone Checkpoint # 6
- Does the organization have an effective process in place to report the security status of the information system
and its environment of operation to the authorizing officials and other designated senior leaders within the
organization on an ongoing basis?
- Is the organization updating critical risk management documents based on ongoing monitoring activities?
- Are authorizing officials conducting ongoing security authorizations by employing effective continuous
monitoring activities and communicating updated risk determination and acceptance decisions to information
system owners and common control providers?
29. Security Authorization
AUTHORIZATION PACKAGE:
The security authorization package documents the results of the security control assessment and provides the authorizing official with essential
information needed to make a risk-based decision on whether to authorize operation of an information system or a designated set of common
controls. The authorization package contains the following documents:
1. Security plan
2. Security assessment report
3. Plan of action and milestones
Organizations may choose to develop an executive summary from the detailed findings that are generated during a security control
assessment. An executive summary provides an authorizing official with an abbreviated version of the security assessment report
focusing on the highlights of the assessment, synopsis of key findings, and recommendations for addressing weaknesses and
deficiencies in the security controls.
30. Authorization Decisions AUTHORIZATION DECISION DOCUMENT
The authorization decision document transmits the final
security authorization decision from the authorizing official
to the information system owner or common control
provider and other key organizational officials, as
appropriate. The authorization decision document contains
the following information:
● Authorization decision.
● Terms and conditions for the authorization.
● Authorization termination date.
● Risk executive (function) input (if provided).
Authorization decisions are based on the content
of the authorization package including inputs from
the organization’s risk executive (function) and
any additional supporting documentation required
by the authorizing official. The security
authorization package provides comprehensive
information on the security state of the
information system.
31. When monitoring is conducted in accordance with the needs of the authorizing official,
that monitoring results in the production of key information needed to determine:
● (i) the current security state of the information system (including the effectiveness of
the security controls employed within and inherited by the system).
● (ii) the resulting risks to organizational operations, organizational assets, individuals,
other organizations, and the Nation.
● (iii) whether to authorize continued operation of the system or continued use of
common controls inherited by organizational information systems.
ONGOING AUTHORIZATION
32. Reauthorization
● Formal reauthorization actions occur at the discretion of the authorizing official in
accordance with federal or organizational policy.
● If a formal reauthorization action is required, organizations maximize the use of
security and risk-related information produced as part of the continuous monitoring
processes currently in effect.
● Formal reauthorization actions, if initiated, can be either time-driven or event-
driven.
● Time-driven reauthorizations occur when the authorization termination date is
reached (if one is specified).
● If the information system is under ongoing authorization (i.e., a continuous
monitoring program is in place that monitors all implemented common, hybrid, and
system-specific controls with the frequency specified in the continuous monitoring
strategy), time-driven reauthorizations may not be necessary.
33. EVENT-DRIVEN TRIGGERS:
Organizations may define event-driven triggers (i.e., indicators and/or prompts that
cause a pre- defined organizational reaction) for both ongoing authorization and
reauthorization. Event-driven triggers include, but are not limited to:
1. (i) new threat/vulnerability/impact information;
2. (ii) an increased number of findings, weaknesses, and/or deficiencies from
the continuous monitoring program;
3. (iii) new missions/business requirements;
4. (iv) a change in the Authorizing Official;
5. (v) a significant change in risk assessment findings;
6. (vi) significant changes to the information system, common controls, or the
environment of operation; or
7. (vii) organizational thresholds being exceeded.
34. AUTHORIZATION
APPROACHES
Organizations can choose from three different approaches when
planning for and conducting security authorizations to include:
1. (i) an authorization with a single authorizing official.
2. (ii) an authorization with multiple authorizing officials.
3. (iii) leveraging an existing authorization.
The sharing of the authorization package (including the
security plan, security assessment report, plan of action and
milestones, and authorization decision document) is
accomplished under terms and conditions agreed upon by all
parties (i.e., the owning organization and the leveraging
organization).
TYPE
AUTHORIZATION
A type authorization is an official authorization decision to
employ identical copies of an information system or
subsystem (including hardware, software, firmware, and/or
applications)
Examples of type authorizations include:
1. (i) an authorization of the hardware and software
applications for a standard financial system deployed
in several locations around the world; or
2. (ii) an authorization of a common workstation or
operating environment (i.e., hardware, operating
system, middleware, and applications) deployed to all
operating units within an organization.
35. Roles and Responsibilities
- Head of Agency (CEO) - The head of agency is the highest-level senior official or executive within an
organization with overall responsibility to provide protection from high risk threats. The head is responsible for
assuring that;
- Information security management processes are integrated with strategic & operational planning
processes
- Provide information that support the operations and assets under their control
- Ensure the organization has trained personnel sufficient to assist in complying with policies, standards
and guidelines
- Establish a level of due diligence within an organization that promotes a climate for mission and business
success
36. (Cont.)
- Risk Executive (function) - Helps ensure the overall strategic goals and objectives in carrying out core
missions and functions. The executive coordinates with senior leadership to:
- Provides a greater understanding of the integrated operations of an organization
- Develop risk management strategies
- Assist the sharing of risk related information within the organization
- Help ensure effective risk acceptance decisions
- Identify organization risk from the operation and use of information systems
- Ensure that authorization decisions consider all factors necessary for mission and business success
37. (Cont..)
- Chief Information Officer - Responsible for designating a senior information security officer and developing
and maintaining information security policies, procedures, and control techniques to address all applicable
requirements;
- Ensure that personnel are adequately trained
- Report overall effectiveness to the head of the federal agency as well as the organization’s information
security program, including progress of remedial actions
- Ensure that information security program is effectively implemented
- Information systems are covered by approved security plans and are authorized to operate
38. (Cont..)
- Ensure that personnel are adequately trained
- Report overall effectiveness to the head of the federal agency as well as the organization’s information
security program, including progress of remedial actions
- Ensure that information security program is effectively implemented
- Information systems are covered by approved security plans and are authorized to operate
- The role of chief information officer has inherent U.S. Government authority and is assigned to government
personnel only.
39. (Cont..)
- Information Owner/Steward - An organizational official with statutory,
management, is responsible for establishing the rules for appropriate
use and protection of the subject information (e.g., rules of behavior) and
retains that responsibility even when the information is shared with or
provided to other organizations.
- provide input to information system owners regarding the security requirements and
security controls for the systems where the information is processed, stored, or
transmitted.
40. (Cont..)
- Senior Information Security Officer - Carries out the chief information officer
security responsibilities under FISMA
‑ Serves as the primary liaison for the chief information officer to the organization’s authorizing
officials, information system owners, common control providers, and information system
security officers.
‑ Possesses professional qualifications, including training and experience, required to
administer the information security program functions
‑ Achieves more secure information and information systems in accordance with the
requirements in FISMA.
‑ The role of senior information security officer has inherent U.S. Government authority and is
assigned to government personnel only.
41. (Cont..)
- Authorizing Official - Authorizing officials typically have budgetary
oversight for an information system or are responsible for the mission
and/or business operations supported by the system
- Officials are accountable for the security risks associated with information system
operations.
- coordinate their activities with the risk executive (function), chief information officer,
senior information security officer, common control providers, information system
owners, information system security officers, security control assessors, and other
interested parties during the security authorization process.
- ensuring that all activities and functions associated with security authorization that are
delegated to authorizing official designated representatives are carried out.
42. (Cont..)
- Authorizing Official - Authorizing officials typically have budgetary
oversight for an information system or are responsible for the mission
and/or business operations supported by the system
- Officials are accountable for the security risks associated with information system
operations.
- coordinate their activities with the risk executive (function), chief information officer,
senior information security officer, common control providers, information system
owners, information system security officers, security control assessors, and other
interested parties during the security authorization process.
- ensuring that all activities and functions associated with security authorization that are
delegated to authorizing official designated representatives are carried out.
43. (Cont..)
- Authorizing Official Designated Representative- Acts on behalf of an
authorizing official to coordinate and conduct the required day-to-day
activities associated with the security authorization process. supported by
the system
- May prepare the final authorization package, obtain the authorizing official’s signature on
the authorization decision document, and transmit the authorization package to
appropriate organizational officials
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49. OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS
-SCENARIO 1: For an information system that is used or operated by a federal agency, the system boundary is defined
by the agency. The agency conducts all RMF tasks to include information system authorization. The agency maintains
control over the security controls employed within and inherited by the information system.
-SCENARIO 2: For an information system that is used or operated by another organization on behalf of a federal
agency, the system boundary is defined by the agency in collaboration with the other organization
50. SECURITY CONTROLS IN EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS
Organizations are becoming increasingly reliant on information system services provided by external providers to
carry out important missions and business functions. External information system services are services implemented
outside of the authorization boundaries established by the organization for its information systems.
Organizations are responsible and accountable for the risk incurred by use of services provided by external
providers and address this risk by implementing compensating controls when the risk is greater than the authorizing
official or the organization is willing to accept.
FISMA and OMB policy require external providers handling federal information or operating information systems on
behalf of the federal government to meet the same security requirements as federal agencies.
51. SECURITY CONTROLS IN EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS
The assurance or confidence that the risk from using external services is at an acceptable level depends on the trust
that the organization places in the external service provider.
The provision of services by external providers may result in some services without explicit agreements between the
organization and the external entities responsible for the services.
The responsibility for adequately mitigating unacceptable risks arising from the use of external information system
services remains with the authorizing official.