The document discusses growth and development in children. It begins with an introduction defining growth, development and maturation. It outlines the major concepts and principles of growth and development. It discusses various theories of development including Piaget's cognitive development theory and Erikson's psychosocial development theory. It also covers factors affecting growth and development as well as assessing growth milestones in infants, toddlers and preschoolers. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the key aspects of children's growth and development.

1. BHARATI VIDYAPEETH DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING PUNE
SUBJECT : CHILD HEALTH NURSING
TOPIC: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
SUBMITTED TO:
DR.BHAGYASHREE JOGDEO
HOD CHILD HEALTH NURSING
BVCON PUNE
SUBMITTED BY:
SNEHAL RAUT
F.Y.MSC NURSING
BVCON PUNE

2. OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
 IMPORTANCE OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
 FACTORS AFFECTING ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
 PRINCIPLES/CHARACTERSTICS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
 ASPECTS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
 THORIES RELATED TO GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
 ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT FROM INFANT TO
ADOLSCENT

3. INTRODUCTION
 GROWTH IS AN ESSENTIAL FEATURE OF LIFE OF A CHILD THAT
DISTINGUISHES HIM OR HER FROM AN ADULT.
 THE PROCESS OF GROWTH STARTS FROM THE TIME OF
CONCEPTION AND CONTINUES UNTIL CHILD GROWS INTO
ADULT.
 THE TERM ‘GROWTH’ AND ‘DEVELOPMENT’ ARE OFTEN USED
TOGETHER BUT THEY REPRESENT TWO DIFFERENT FACETS OF
THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGE. i.e. QUALITY AND QUANTITY.
 THIS IS A DYNAMIC PROCESS WITH INTERRELATED
DIMENSIONS.

4. MAJOR CONCEPTS
 IT IS REFERRS TO AN INCREASE IN SIZE OR
MASS OF THE TISSUES.
 IT IS LARGELY ATTRIBUTED TO MULTIPLICATION
OF CELLS AND INCREASE IN INTERCELLULAR
SUBSTANCES.
 IT CAN BE MEASURED IN
INCHES,CENTIMETERS,KILOGRAMS AND
POUNDS.
 SO IT IS A QUANTITATIVE TERM.
1.GROWTH:

5. 2.DEVELOPMENT
 IT SPECIFIES MATURATION OF
FUNCTIONS OR PHYSIOLOGICAL
MATURATION.
 THE TERM ‘DEVELOPMENT’ IS USED TO
REFER PROGRESSIVE INCREASE IN
SKILLS AND CAPACITY TO FUNCTIONS.
 IT IS A QUALITATIVE CHANGE IN
CHILD’S FUNCTIONING AND IS
DIFFICULT TO MEASURE.
 IT IS A RESULT OF MATURATION AND
LEARNING.

6. 3.MATURATION
 IT IS AN INCREASE IN COMPETENCE AND ABILITY TO FUNCTION AT A
HIGHER LEVEL,DEPENDING ON CHILD’S HEREDITY.
 IT REFERRS TO UNFOLDING OF HUMAN POTENTIALITIES OR HEREDITARY
TRAITS WHICH ARE CARRIED BY GENES.

7. STAGES APPROPRIATE AGE
INFANCY 0-1 YEARS
Toddler 1-3 YEARS
CHILDHOOD 3-12 YEARS
(a)PRESCHOOLER 3-6 YEARS
(b)SCHOOLER OR LATE CHILDHOOD 6-12 YEARS OR UP TO THE PUBERTY
ADOLSCENCE 13-18 YEARS OR TILL THE ATTAINMENT OF
MATURITY
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

8. IMPORTANCE
 THE KNOWLEDGE OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT HELPS THE
NURSE TO:
1. UNDERSTAND THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE CHILD SO THAT CHILD CAN BE HANDLED
INTELLIGENTLY.
2. KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT OF A PARTICULAR CHILD AT ANY AGE.
3. ASSESS THE CHILDREN IN TERMS OF NORMS FOR SPECIFIC STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT.
4. DIAGNOSE UNDERNUTRITION AND OVERNUTRITION OR ANY OTHER DEFICIENCY
DISORDER THAT AFFECTS GROWTH.
5. ASCERTAIN NEEDS OF THE CHILD AT A PARTICULAR AGE.
6. ASSIST PARENTS IN ENVIORNMENTAL MODIFICATION.
7. PLAN AND PROVIDE COMPREHENSIVE CARE TO THE CHILD.

9.  FACTORS AFFECTING ON
1. HEREDITARY FACTORS:
2. ENVIORNMENTAL FACTORS:
 PRENATAL ENVIORNMENT
 POSTNATAL ENVIORNMENT
3. OTHER FACTORS

10. HEREDITY
RACE
SEX
BIORHYTHM AND MATURATION
GENETIC DISORDERS

11. ENVIORNMENTAL
FACTORS
ENVIORNMENTA
LFACTORS
MATERNAL METABOLIC
DISORDER
OBSTETRIC DISORDER
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
DRUG ADM TO MOTHER
MATERNAL HARMONES
NUTRITION
INFECTION AND
INFESTATION
CHEMICAL AGENTS
TRAUMA
PRENATAL ENVIORNMENT POSTNATAL ENVIORNMENT
OTHER FACTORS
CULTURAL
EMOTIONAL
SOCIOECONOMIC

12. PRINCIPLES
1. DEVELOPMENT IS SIMILAR FOR ALL.
2. DEVELOPMENT PROCEEDS FROM
GENERAL TO SPECIFIC.
3. DEVELOPMENT IS CONTINEOUS.
4. DEVELOPMENT PROCEEDS AT DIFFERENT
RATES.
5. THERE IS CORRELATION IN GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT.
6. DEVELOPMENT COMES FROM
MATURATION AND LEARNING.

13. 7.THERE ARE INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES.
8.EARLY DEVELOPMENT IS MORE SIGNIFICANT THAN LATER DEVELOPMENT.
9.DEVELOPMENT PROCEEDS IN STAGES.
10.THERE ARE PREDICTABLE PATTERNS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
1. CEPHALOCAUDAL
1. PROXIMODISTAL

14. PROXIMODISTAL
CEPHALOCAUDAL

15. ASPECTS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

16. GROWTH

17. GROWTH
BIOLOGICAL
GROWTH
SENSORY
GROWTH
MOTOR
GROWTH

18. A. BIOLOGICAL GROWTH
 CHANGES IN BODY RESULTS FROM GROWTH OF DIFFERENT PARTRS OF
BODY.FOLLOWING ARE THE PARAMETERS FOR ASSESING GROWTH IN
CHILDREN.

19. I. LENGTH OR HEIGHT
 IT INCREASES FROM BIRTH TO MATURITY.
 RAPID INCREASE OF HEIGHT OCCURS DURING
INFANCY AND ADOLSCENT.
 THE AVERAGE LENGTH OF A NEWBORN IS 45-
50CM.
 AT THE AGE OF 1 IS 75CM IT DOUBLES AT THE AGE
OF 4YEARS AND TRIPLES AT 13 YEARS

20. II.WEIGHT
 IT IS A BEST GROSS INDEX OF HEALTH AND
NUTRITION STATUS OF CHILDREN.
 THE AVERAGE WEIGHT OF NEWBORN IS 2.5-3.5 KG
 THERE IS INITIALLY LOSS OF WEIGHT DURING FIRST
10 DAYS OF LIFE DUE TO ADJUSTMENT.
 AFTER 10 DAYS OF LIFE BABY GAINS ABOUT 30 GM
WT PER DAY FOR 5-6 MONTHS . IT DOUBLES AT
6MONTHS OF AGE AND BECOMES 5-6KG.
 AT THE AGE OF 1YEAR IT BECOMES TRIPLE OF BIRTH
WEIGHT.(7.5-8KG)
 AT THE AGE OF 2AND HALF YEAR IT BECOMES FOUR
TIMES THE BIRTH WEIGHT THAT IS 10-12KG.

21. III. HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
 IT IS AN IMPORTANT MEASUREMENT SINCE IT IS
RELATED TO INTRACRANIAL VOLUME.
 AN INCREASE IN HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE INDICATES
RATE OF BRAIN GROWTH.
 AT BIRTH NORMAL HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE IS
APPROXIMATELY 33CM AND IT INCREASES 1/2INCH
PER MONTH TILL FIRST 6MONTHS.
 IT IS 40CM AT 3MONTHS AND 45CM AT 1 YEAR OF AGE.

22. IV. CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE
 THE CHEST IS BARREL SHAPED AT BIRTH AND THE
AND TRANSEVERSE DIAMETER ARE EQUAL.
 GRADUALLY TRANSVERSE DIAMETER INCREASES
 AT BIRTH CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE IS 31CM AND
AT THE END OF 1YEAR HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
BECOMES EQUAL TO CHEST
CIRCUMFERENCE,THEREAFTER ONLY CC
INCREASES.

26. B. MOTOR GROWTH
 MOTOR DEVELOPMENT DEPENDS ON MATURATION OF
MUSCULAR,SKELETAL AND NERVOUS SYSTEM.
 THE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWS CEPHALOCAUDAL
AND PROXIMODISTAL PATTERN.

27. FINE MOTOR
 IT LEADS TO ACQUISITION OF
MOTOR DEXTERITY LIKE USE
OF HAND, FINGRES,PALMAR
GRASP AND RELEASE,PINCER
GRASP ETC.

28. GROSS MOTOR
 IT LEADS TO ACQUISTION MOBILITY
AND INDEPENDENT MOVEMENTS.
 IT INCLUDES ACTIVITIES LIKE
TURNING,SITTING,STANDING AND
WALKING.

29. C. SENSORY GROWTH
 ALTHOUGH SENSORY SYSTEM IS FUNCTIONAL AT
BIRTH, THE CHILD GRADUALLY LEARNS THE PROCESS
OF ASSOCIATING MEANING WITH A PERCIEVED
STIMULUS.
 THE MOST ACTIVE SENSES AT BIRTH ARE SENSE OF
TASTE AND SMELL.
 THE VISUAL SYSTEM IS LAST TO MATURE, AT ABOUT
6-7 YEARS OF AGE.

30. DEVELOPMENT

31. DEVELOPMENT
1.INTELLECTUAL 4.SEXUAL
6.LANGUAGE
2.MOTOR 5.SOCIAL
3.EMOTIONAL

32.  MANY THEORIES HAVE BEEN DEVISED
TO STUDY DEVELOPMENT OF
DIFFERENT ASPECTS IN CHILDREN
 COGINITIVE DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY BY JEAN
PIAGET
 MORAL DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY BY JEAN PIAGET
AND KOHLBERG
 PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY BY ERIC H
ERIKSON
 SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY BY JAMES W
FOWLER
 SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY BY SIGMUND FREUD
 EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY BY ERIC H

33. PIAGETS THEORY OF
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

37. PIAGET’S THEORY OF INTELLECTUAL
OR COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
 ACCORDING TO PIAGET 4 MAJOR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT ARE:
 SENSORIMOTOR STAGE: (0-2YEARS): IN THIS STAGE CHILDREN ARE
MAINLY CONCERNED WITH LEARNING ABOUT PHYSICAL OBJECTS.
 PREOPERATIONAL STAGE(2-7YEARS): IN THIS STAGE THEY ARE
PREOCCUPIED WITH SYMBOLS IN LANGUAGE, DREAMS AND FANTASY.
 CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE(7-11YEARS): IN THIS STAGE THEY
MOVE INTO ABSTRACT WORLD,MASTERING NUMBERS,RELATIONSHIPS
AND REASONING
 FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE(11-15YEARS): IN THIS STAGE
CHILDREN HAVE PURELY LOGICAL THOUGHTS

38. PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY BY
ERIC H ERIKSON

41. ERIK ERIKSON (1902-1994)
 BORN ON JUNE 15 1902 FRANKFURT GERMANY
 DIED IN MAY 12 1994
 NATIONALITY AMERICAN
 FIELDS DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
 INFLUENCES SIGMUND FREUD/ANNA FREUD
 COINED THE LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT
 GIVEN PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT

42. TRUST VS MISTRUST
 INFANTS LEARNS TO TRUST
ADULTS,USUALLY THE PARENTS WHO
CARE FOR THEM AND ARE SENSITIVE
TO THEIR NEEDS.
 A NEGATIVE OUTCOME OF THE PERIOD
OF THE INFANCY IS THE SENSE OF
MISTRUST WHICH DEVELOPS IF THE
BASIC NEEDS OF INFANTS ARE NOT
MET.

43. AUTONOMY VS SHAME(1-3YEARS
TODDLERS)
 THE 3 MAJOR PSYCHOSOCIAL TASKS OF
TODDLERHOOD ARE GAINING SELF
CONTROL,DEVELOPING AUTONOMY AND
INCREASING INDEPENDENCE.
 IF CHILD SUCCEEDS IN DEVELOPMENT OF
AUTONOMY HE DEVELOPS FEELING OF SELF-
ESTEEM,BUT IF DOES NOT SUCCEED, HE DOUBTS HIS
ABILITIES AND DEVELOPS A SENSE OF SHYNESS AND
SHAME.

44. INITIATIVE VS GUILT (3-6YEARS
PRESCHOOLER CHILD)
 THIS IS A PERIOD OF VERY ENERGETIC
PLAY AND ACTIVE IMAGINATION.
 THE CHILD CAN DEVELOP A SENSE OF
ACCOMPLISHMENT AND SATISFACTION
IN HIS OR HER ACTIVITIES.
 AS THE CHILD OVERSTEPS HIS OR HER
LIMITS HE OR SHE EXPIRIENCES FEELING
OF GUILT.

45. INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY(6-12YEARS
SCHOOL AGE CHILD)
 CHILDREN IN THIS AGE HAVE A STRONG SENSE
OF DUTY.
 THEIR ENERGY IS CHANNELED INTO ACTIVITIES
SUCH AS SCHOOL PROJECTS,SPORTS,AND
HOBBIES.
 THESE CONCRETE ENDEAVORS BECOME THE
CHILD’S WORK AND BRING A SENSE OF
ACCOMPLISHMENT.
 IF THE CHILDREN ARE NOT ABLE TO ACHIEVE A
SENSE OF INDUSTRY,FEELING OF INFERIORITY
MAY DEVELOP
.

46. IDENTITY VS ROLE DIFFUSION(12-
15YEARS BEGINNING OF
ADOLSCENCE)
 TWO MAJOR TASKS FOR ADOLSCENTS
ARE FIGURING OUT WHO THEY ARE AND
WHAT IS THEIR PLACE IN THE WORLD.
 SUCCESS IN THIS PERIOD MAKES THE
INDIVIDUAL WELL ADJUSTED,STABLE
AND MATURE.

48. PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
THEORY BY SIGMUND FREUD
ORAL STAGE
PHALLIC
STAGE
ANAL STAGE
GENITAL
STAGE
LATENCY
STAGE
0-1
YEAR
2-3
YEARS
3-7
YEARS
7-11
YEARS
11YEARS
ONWARDS

49. SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)
 BORN ON 6 MAY 1856 MORAVIA FEIGNBERG
 DIED ON 23 SEPTEMBER 1939
 FIELDS
NEUROLOGY,PSYCHOTHERAPY,PSYCHOANALYSIS
 AUSTRIAN NEUROLOGIST WHO FOUNDED
PSYCHOANALYTICAL SCHOOL OF PSYCHIATRY
 GIVEN THEORY OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT

51. ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH
AND DEVELOPMENT

52. 1.NEWBORN

53. VITAL PARAMETERS
TEMPRATURE PULSE RESPIRATION
BLOOD
PRESSURE
36.5-
37.5*C(97.7-
99.4*F)
80-60/45-
40MM/HG
30-
60BREATHS/MIN
120-
160BEATS/MIN

54. DEVELOPMENTAL
MILESTONES
NEWBORN
WEIGHT  AVERAGE WEIGHT OF NEWBORN IS 2.5KG.
 DECREASES BY 10%IN FIRST 10 DAYS.
 AND THEN INCREASES 500-600GM/MONTH.
HEIGHT  AT BIRTH= 45-50CM.
 INCREASES APPROXIMATELY 2-2.5CM PER MONTH
DURING FIRST 6 MONTHS.
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE  33-35CM AT BIRTH.
 INCREASES 1.5CM PER MONTH DURING FIRST 6
MONTHS.
CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE  ABOUT TO 31-33CM

56. TODDLER(1-3YEARS):

57. DEVELOPMENT
MILESTONES
15MONTHS 18-24MONTHS 30MONTHS
PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT
 LEGS APPEARED BOWED
 HEIGHT INCREASES AT THE
RATE OF 3INCH PER YEAR
FOR NEXT 7 MONTHS.
 WEIGHT INCREASES 4-6
POUNDS PER YEAR.
 ANTERIOR FONTANEL
CLOSES.
 HAS 16 TEMPORARY
TEETH.
 AVG WEIGHT IS 12KG.
 HEIGHT INCREASES
ABOUT 10-12CM OF
BIRTH LENGTH.
 TOILETING TRAINING
BEGINS.
 AVERAGE WEIGHT IS 13 KG.
 AVERAGE LENGTH IS 92 CM.
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT  GROSS MOTOR
 STANDS WITHOUT HELP.
 WALKS WELL.
 CREEP UP STAIRS
 FINE MOTOR
 SCRIBLLES
 REMOVES SOCKS
 HOLDS CUP.
 TURN PAGES.
 GROSS MOTOR:
 WILD GAIT
 WALK UPSTAIRS.
 WALKS UP AND DOWN
STAIRS HOLDING WALL
 FINE MOTOR:
 CAN EAT WITH SPOON.
 PLAYS WITH FOOD.
 DRINKS WITH GLASS.
 BRUSH TEETH WITH
HELP.
 GROSS MOTOR:
 CAN STAND ON ONE FOOT.
 JUMPS WELL.
 FINE MOTOR:
 CAN MAKE TOWER.
 CAN FEED SELF.
 CAN BUTTON AND UNBUTTON
CLOTHES.
 CAN THROW LARGE BALL
OVERHEAD.

58. DEVELOPMENT
MILESTONES
15MONTHS 18-24MONTHS 30MONTHS
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
 COMPREHENDS MORE
THAN COMMUNICATING.
 RECOGNIZES NAMES OF
BODY PARTS.
 SAYS 2-6 WORDS.
 RESPONDS TO SIMPLE
COMMANDS.
 USES GESTURES MORE
THAN WORDS.
 ENJOYS STORY.
 REFERS TO SELF BY
NAME.
 ASK ‘WHY’
 CAN SPEAK SENTENCE OF 4-5
WORDS.
 USES PLEURAL.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT  EGOCENTRIC.
 HUGS AND KISSES.
 IMITATES PARENTS.
 IMITATES ADULT ROLES.
 ENJOYS PLAY WITH
DOLL.
 CAN DO SIMPLE TASKS.
 KNOWS OWN SEX.
 SHOWS TEMPER TANTRUMS.

59. VITAL PARAMETERS
TEMPRATURE PULSE RESPIRATION
BLOOD
PRESSURE
97-100*F
(36-38*C) 110+-20BEATS/MIN 26-28BREATHS/MIN
100/65+-
25/20MM/HG

60. DEVELOPMENTAL
MILESTONES
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT
 GROSS MOTOR:
 STANDS WITHOUT HELP
.
 WALKS WELL.
 CREEP UP STAIRS.
 WALKS UP AND DOWN
STAIRS HOLDING WALLS.
 WALKS ON HEEL-TOE.
 FINE MOTOR:
 SCRIBBLES.
 BUILDS TOWER OF 2-4
BLOCKS.
 PLAYS WITH FOOD.
 TURN PAGES.
 HOLDS CUP.
 REMOVE SOCKS.
 EGOCENTRIC
 HUGS AND
KISSES.
 IMITATES
PARENTS.
 KNOWS OWN
SEX.
 SHOWS
TEMPER
TANTRUMS.
 ENJOYS PLAY
WITH DOLL.
 COMPREHENDS
MORE THAN
COMMUNICATING.
 RECOGNIZES
NAMES OF BODY
PARTS.
 SAYS 2-6 WORDS.
 RESPONDS TO
SIMPLE
COMMANDS.
 ENJOYS STORY.
 REFERS TO SELF BY
NAME.
 VOCABULARY=300
WORDS
 LEGS APPEAR
BOWED.
 HEIGHT
INCREASES AT
THE RATE OF
3INCHES PER
YEAR FOR NEXT 7
YEARS.
 AVERAGE WEIGHT
IS 12KG.
 ANTERIOR
FONTANEL
CLOSES.
 HAS TEMPORARY
16 TEETH.

61. PRESCHOOLER(3-5YEARS)

62. DEVELOP
MENTAL
MILESTO
NES
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
 GROSS MOTOR:
 RIDES BICYLE.
 DRESSESS WITHOUT
SUPERVISION
 JUMPS,RUNS,CLIMBS AND
HOPS.
 THROWS AND CATCHES
WELL.
 WALKS BACKWARD HEEL TO
TOE.
 FINE MOTOR:
 COPIES A CIRCLE.
 CAN BRUSH TEETH.
 COMB HAIR.
 SEPARATES EASILY
FROM PARENTS.
 AGGRESSIVE.
 TRIES TO FOLLOW
RULES BUT MAY
CHEAT TO AVOID
LOOSING.
 LOVES ACTIVE AND
GROUP PLAY.
 JEALOUS OF
SIBLINGS.
 INSISTING BEING
FIRST FOR
EWERYTHING.
 COUNTS
NUMBERS.
 RECOGNIZES
SHAPES.
 USES ALL FORMS
OF SENTENCES.
 ENJOYS TELLING
JOKES.
 DESCRIBES
PICTURES.
 ASKS MANY
QUESTIONS.
 RECOGNIZES
COLORS AND
BODY PARTS.
 PHYSICAL
GROWTH IS
RELATIVELY
SLOW.
 TOOTH DECAY
BE PRESENT.
 AVERAGE
WEIGHT IS
20KG.
 BRAIN IS 90%
OF ADULT SIZE.
 THINKING IS
CONCRETE AND
TANGIBLE.
 OMNIPOTENCE
 CENTRATION
 LEARNING TO
READ.
 MEMORY SPAN
INCREASING.
 INTRESTED IN
SCHOOL WORKS.
 ASHAMED OF
FAILURES.

63. SCHOOL AGE (6-12 YEARS)

64. PARAMETERS 6-8YEARS 8-10YEARS 10-12YEARS
WEIGHT 17.5KG-25.5KG 22-32KG 25-40KG
HEIGHT 110-124CM 121.5-136.5CM 131-147.5CM
PULSE 90+_15BEATS/MIN 85+_10BEATS/MIN 90+_20BEATS/MIN
RESPIRATION 21+_3BREATHS/MIN 20+_3/MIN 19+_3/MIN
BLOOD 100/60+_16/20MM/H 102/60+_16/10 MM/HG 109/58+_16/10 MM/HG
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

65. DEVELOPMENT
MILESTONES
6-8YEARS 8-10YEARS 10-12YEARS
GROSS MOTOR  RIDES BICYCLE
 RUNS,JUMPS,CLIMBS
 CONSTANTLY KEEPS
MOVING
 PERFORM TRICKS
 RACES
 THROWS BALL
SKILLFULLY
 ENJOYS ALL PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
 MAINTAIN BALANCE
FINE MOTOR  IMPROVES HAND-EYE
COORDINATION.
 CAN BRUSH AND COMB
HAIR
 CURSIVE WRITING
 USES BOTH HANDS
 DRESSES BY OWN
 DRESSING,GROOMING SKILLS
DEVELOP
.
 BATHES WITHOUT ASSISTANT
 MOVEMENTS ARE MORE GRACEFUL
INTELLECTUAL  ATTENSION SPAN
INCREASED
 CAN TELL TIME
 FOLLOWS RULES
 INTRESTED IN
SCHOOL WORK
 MEMORY SPAN
INCREASES
 ASHAMED OF
FAILURES
 USES PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD
 SHORT INTEREST SPAN
 PREOCCUPIED WITH RIGHT AND
WRONG
 INTRESTED IN WHY AND HOW

66. DEVELOPMENT
MILESTONES
6-8YEARS 8-10YEARS 10-12YEARS
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
 RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE
 DEVELOP SENSE OF
HUMOR
 RESPONDS TO
RECOGNITION AND
PRAISE
 FOLLOWS
SUGGESTION BETTER
THAN COMMANDS
 IS GREGARIOUS
 ORAL VOCABULARY
7200WORDS
 READING VOCABULARY
50000WORDS
 USES PARTS OF SPEECH
CORRECTLY
 ENJOYS RIDDLES
PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
 SENSE OF INDUSTRY
 EGOCENTRIC AND
BOSSY
 WANTS TO PLAY WITH
OTHERS
 JEALOUS OF SIBLING
 CURIOUS ABOUT
EVERYTHING
 PEER ORIENTED
 AWARE OF SEXUAL
ROLE.
 HAVE FEARS
 SINCERE AND CONFIDENT
 GREATER SELF CONTROL
 RESPECTS PARENTS AND
THEIR ROLES.
 CONTROL ANGER
 SHORT BURST OF ANGER
 STILL FEARS THE DARK

67. ADOLSCENT (12-18YEARS)

68. DEVELOPMENT
MILESTONES
EARLY ADOLSCENCE
(12-13YEARS)
MIDDLE ADOLSCENCE
(14-16YEARS)
LATE ADOLSCENCE
(17-21YEARS)
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT  WEIGHT :
 MALES:
APPROX 36-40KG
 FEMALES:
 APPROX 40-60KG
 HEIGHT:
 MALES-
 APPROX 154-172CM
 FEMALES-
 APPROX 153-167CM
 WEIGHT :
 MALES: APPROX 50-60KG
 FEMALES:APPROX 42-64KG
 HEIGHT:
 MALES- APPROX 164-
180CM
 FEMALES- APPROX 155-
169CM
 WEIGHT :
 MALES: APPROX 56-80KG
 FEMALES:APPROX 48-72KG
 HEIGHT:
 MALES- APPROX 163-182CM
 FEMALES- APPROX 156-170CM
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT  CLUMSINE
 MOTOR FUNCTIONS
COMPARABLE TO ADULTS.
 EYE-HAND CO-ORDINATION
LIKE ADULTS.
 MANUAL DEXTERITY IS
ATTAINED.
 SAME AS ADULTS  POSES MANUAL DEXETERITY.

69. DEVELOPMENT
MILESTONES
EARLY ADOLSCENCE
(12-13YEARS)
MIDDLE ADOLSCENCE
(14-16YEARS)
LATE ADOLSCENCE
(17-21YEARS)
INTELLECTUAL
DEVELOPMENT
 FORMAL OPERATIONAL
THOUGHTS.
 GENERATES HYPOTHESES.
 USE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
FOR PROBLEM SOLVING.
 EXPRESS CONCERNS FOR
EDUCATION AND
VOCATION.
 PURSUES FURTHER EDUCATION
OR ENTERS JOB MARKET.
PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
 SENSE OF IDENTITY BEGINS.
 INTENSE LOYALTY.
 MOOD SWINGS AND
EXTREMES OF BEHAVIOUR.
 MASTURBATION STARTS.
 SENSE OF IDENTITY
DEVELOPS.
 EGOCENTRISM
DIMINISHES.
 VERBALLY ATTACKS
PARENTS BELIEFS AND
VALUES.
 HETEROSEXUAL
RELATIONSHIPS ARE
COMMAN.
 SEVERE TIES WITH PARENTS.
 INTERDEPENDENT RELATIONSHIPS
WITH PARENTS.
 FEW BUT CLOSE FRIENDS.
 HETEROSEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS
AE THE RULE.

71. CONCLUSION
 THE PERIOD OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
EXTENDS THROUGHOUT THE LIFE CYCLE ;
HOWEVER, THE PERIOD IN WHICH THE
PRINCIPLE CHANGES OCCURS IS FROM
CONCEPTION TO THE END OF ADOLSCENCE.
 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ARE
CONTINEOUS PROCESS WITH PREDICTABLE
SEQUENCES.

72. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 TEXTBOOK OF CHILD HEALTH NURSING
 AUTHOR: RIMPLE SHARMA
 WWW.PUBMED.COM
 INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS