GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT COPY.pptx
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This document summarizes growth and development from conception through adulthood. It discusses the stages of growth, factors affecting growth like genetics, hormones, nutrition and environment. It also covers the assessment of physical growth using growth charts, common growth disorders like short stature and failure to thrive, and their management. Key points covered include the stages of prenatal, infancy, childhood and adolescent growth, and how different tissues grow at different rates during development.
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2. Physiological short stature includes familial short stature and constitutional delay of growth and puberty. Pathological short stature can be due to disproportionate short stature from skeletal dysplasias, acquired conditions like malnutrition or genetic syndromes.
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT COPY.pptx
- 1. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT MODERATOR-DR SHAILASREE PRESENTOR-DR ANAKHA RAJENDRAN
- 2. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT • NET INCREASE IN SIZE OR MASS OF TISSUES-GROWTH • MULTIPLICATION OF CELLS AND INCREASE IN INTRACELLULAR SUBSTANCE • MATURATION OF FUNCTIONS- DEVELOPMENT • MATURATION AND MYELINATION OF NERVOUS SYSTEMS
- 3. STAGES OF GROWTH • PRE NATAL-CONCEPTION TO BIRTH • INFANCY-BIRTH TO 1 YEAR • CHILDHOOD-2 TO 12 YEARS • ADOLESCENCE- 13-19 YEARS • ADULTHOOD- >19
- 4. FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH • FETAL,MATERNAL,PLACENTAL • FETAL: HORMONES-THYROXINE INSULIN GLUCOCORTICOIDS GROWTH HORMONE • FETAL GROWTH FACTORS- GROWTH PROMOTING,INHIBITORY • PLACENTAL:PLACENTAL WEIGHT,STRUCTRAL FUNCTIONAL INTEGRITY,NUTRITION • MATERNAL-AGE,RECENT PREGNANCY,PARITY,ANEMIA,SUBSTANCE ABUSE,INFECTIONS,CHRONIC DISEASES
- 5. POST NATAL PERIOD • GENETIC FACTORS • IUGR->LBW->MALNUTRITION • HORMONE-GH,THYROXINE ; SEX HORMONES • NUTRITION • INFECTIONS-RTI AND DIARRHOEA • CHEMICAL AGENTS • TRAUMA
- 6. SOCIAL FACTORS • SES • POVERTY • NATURAL RESOURCES • CLIMATE • EMOTIONAL FACORS • CULTURAL • PARENTAL EDUCATION
- 7. LAWS OF GROWTH • GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN IS A CONTINOUS AND ORDERLY PROCESS • GROWTH PATTERN OF EVERY INDIVIDUAL IS UNIQUE • DIFFERENT TISSUES GROW AT DIFFERENT RATES
- 9. ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL GROWTH • WEIGHT • LENGTH/HEIGHT • HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE • CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE • MUAC
- 10. GROWTH CHARTS • GROWTH MEASUREMENTS RECORDEDIN ACHILD OVER A PERIOD OF TIMEAND PLOTTED ON A GRAPH • DEVIATION FROM NORMAL PATTERN CAN BE INTERPRETED • RANGES FROM 3RD TO 97TH PERCENTILE
- 13. DISORDERS OF GROWTH • SHORT STATURE- HEIGHT BELOW 3RD CENTILE FOR THAT AGE AND GENDER(<-2SD) • <-3 SD PATHOLOGICAL SHORT STATURE • CAUSES: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL • Undernutrition,chronic illness,endocrine causes,sga,genetic syndromes
- 14. PHYSIOLOGICAL SHORT STATURE FAMILIAL VS CONSTITUTIONAL • SHORT SHORT • HEIGHT VELOCITY NORMAL NORMAL • FAMILY H/O SHORT STATURE DELAYED PUBERTY • BONE AGE – N LESS THAN CHRONOLO • PUBERTY – N DELAYED • FINAL HEIGHT - LOW NORMAL
- 15. MANAGEMENT • PARENTAL COUNSELLING AND REASSURANCE • DIETARY ADVICE • TREATMENT OF UNDERLYING DISEASES
- 16. FAILURE TO THRIVE • WEIGHT BELOW 3RD OR 5th centile • Failure to gain weight over a period of time • Change in rate of growth that has crossed two major centiles • CAUSES:Organic-GERD,malabsorption,IBD,pyloric stenosis • :MR,CP • ;CKD,RTA • :HYPOTHYROIDISM,DM • :TB,HIV,PARASITIC INFECTIONS • :CHROMOSOMAL ANOMALY,Metabolic diseases • :Lead poisoning,malignancy
- 17. Management • History,physical examination • CBC ,ESR,URE,STOOL RE,RFT,LFT,ELECTROLYTES • Weight gain in response to adequate calorie feeding • Nutritonal rehabilitation,treatment of diseases • Admission if;SAM,organic causes which require lab investigations,lack of catch up growth during OP care,suspected child abuse or neglect
- 18. THANK YOU