GROUPS
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The document discusses groups and group dynamics. It describes the five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. It also discusses key group properties such as roles, norms, status, size, and cohesiveness. Finally, it covers the strengths and weaknesses of group decision making compared to individual decision making and some techniques for group decision making.
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Group structure consists of norms, roles, and networks that organize member interactions. Norms develop over time through member imitation and internalization. Roles specify expected behaviors based on member positions. Social network analysis measures group structure through indexes like density and centrality. Status networks develop through competition and stereotyping. Attraction networks form through sociometric differentiation. Communication networks influence outcomes based on their centralization.
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Group dynamics refers to the interactions within and between social groups. Kurt Lewin is considered the founder of group dynamics. Group dynamics examines how groups are formed, their goals, and the interactions between members, including perceptions, motivations, and interdependencies. Understanding group dynamics can provide insights into decision making, the spread of ideas, and the emergence of prejudice and discrimination. Key aspects of group dynamics include members' perceptions of each other, their motivations for joining groups, goal setting, organization structure, interaction and interdependence, and a group's shared identity. Studying group dynamics can help groups work together effectively to achieve organizational goals.
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This document discusses group dynamics and provides objectives for understanding how groups develop and function. It defines types of groups, considers optimal group size, and examines how group structure and development impact performance. The summary discusses group functions including task, maintenance, and self-interest behaviors. It also addresses how group norms, roles, cohesion, and support systems influence a group's effectiveness.
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This document discusses group dynamics and effective learning methods related to group dynamics. It covers topics such as group types, including command, task, functional, interest, friendship, and reference groups. It also discusses group roles like work roles, informer roles, and maintenance roles. Additionally, it outlines group functions including task functions, maintenance functions, and self-interest functions. Finally, it lists the various roles of a community health nurse such as administrative, supervisory, functional, educational, research-related, and evaluation-related roles as well as other roles like health planner, advisor, advocate, caregiver, observer, case finder, and counselor.
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Groups are formed when two or more individuals interact and work together to achieve common objectives. There are various theories around how and why groups form. Groups can be formal or informal, and go through typical stages of development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. A group's structure, which includes its leadership, roles, norms, size, status, and composition, shapes member behavior and group performance. Group processes like communication, decision-making, and conflict also impact a group's functioning.
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Group dynamics is the study of groups and group processes. Key aspects of group dynamics include:
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- Classifying groups as formal, informal, task, interest, and friendship groups.
- The five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
- Factors that influence group effectiveness such as tasks, structure, composition, and processes.
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The document defines a group and discusses the key characteristics and theories of group formation. A group is defined as two or more individuals who come together to achieve common goals through interaction and integrated effort. The main characteristics of a group are that members work toward shared goals, contribute different skills, and reach agreements through communication. Popular theories of group formation include propinquity theory, which cites proximity as a factor, and exchange theory, which argues people are attracted to groups that offer more rewards than costs through interaction.
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Group Dynamics: Nature, types, group behaviour model (roles, norms, status, process, structures)
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GROUPS
- 2. × Two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives.
- 3. Two classifications: × Formal Groups - defined by the organization’s structure, with designated work assignments establishing tasks. × Informal Groups - natural formations in the work environment that appear in response to the need for social contact.
- 5. STAGE V: ADJOURN ING STAGE IV: PERFORM ING STAGE III: NORMING STAGE II: STORMING STAGE I: FORMING The five-stage model
- 6. STAGE I: FORMING × Characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group’s purpose, structure, and leadership.
- 7. STAGE II: STORMING × Members accept the existence of the group but resist the constraints it imposes on individuality.
- 8. Stage iii: norming × Group structure solidifies and the group has assimilated a common set of expectations of what defines correct member behavior.
- 9. Stage iv: performing × Group energy has formed from getting to know and understand each other to performing the task at hand.
- 10. Stage v: adjourning × Wrapping up activities is the focus rather than high task performance.
- 11. Group properties: roles, norms, status, size, & cohesiveness
- 12. A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit.
- 13. Group property 1: roles × Role Perception: our view of how we’re supposed to act in a given situation. × Role Expectations: the way others believe you should act in a given context. × Role Conflict: when compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another.
- 14. Acceptable standards of behavior shared by their members that express what they ought and ought not to do under certain circumstances.
- 15. Group property 2: norms × Conformity - as a member of a group, you desire acceptance by the group. Thus you are susceptible to conforming to the group’s norms. × Deviant Workplace Behavior – voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms.
- 16. A socially defined position/rank given to group or group members by others – permeates every society.
- 17. What determines status? × The power a person wields over others. × A person’s ability to contribute to a group’s goals. × An individual’s personal characteristics.
- 18. The size of a group affect the group’s overall behavior but the effect depends on what dependent variables you look at.
- 19. Group property 4: size ×Social Loafing – the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than alone.
- 20. The degree to which members are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group.
- 23. Group decision making: strengths ×Generate more complete information and knowledge. × Offers increased diversity of views. × Increased acceptance of a solution.
- 24. Group decision making: weaknesses × Time consuming. ×Conformity pressures. × Dominated by one or few members. × Ambiguous responsibility.
- 25. Group decision making techniques × Brainstorming – can overcome the pressures for conformity that dampen creativity by encouraging any and all alternatives while withholding criticism. × Nominal Group Technique – restricts discussion or interpersonal communication during the decision-making process, hence the term nominal.
- 26. FIN