Groups are defined as two or more people who influence each other. There are two main types of groups: formal groups established by organizations, and informal groups formed by members. Formal groups include command, task, and project groups. Informal groups include friendship and interest groups. Groups go through stages of development including mutual acceptance, communication and decision making, and motivation and productivity. Group performance is influenced by factors like composition, size, norms, and cohesiveness. High performing groups develop synergy where performance exceeds individual contributions. Small groups have frequent interactions while large groups have more limited interactions and may break into sub-groups.

2. GROUP is defined as two or more people who interact with one another such
that each person influences and is influenced by the other.
TYPES OF GROUPS
 Formal Group – established by organization to do its work and are usually
identifiable on an organization chart.
It includes:
 Command Group – entire department or sophisticated work teams.
 Task Group – are usually temporary. Task group are often established to
solve a particular problem.
 Informal Group – are formed by their members, they consist of the
friendship group which is relatively permanent.
It includes:
 Friendship Group – friendly relationships among members and the
pleasure they get from being together.
 Interest Group – which may less long lived. It is organized around
common activity or interest.

3. STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
 Mutual Acceptance – members get to know each other b sharing
information about themselves. Making acquaintances, sharing
information.
 Communication and Decision Making – the members may show
tolerance for opposing viewpoints and explore different ideas to bring
about a good solution or decision.
 Motivation and Productivity - emphasis shifts away from personal
concerns and viewpoints to activities that will benefit the group.
Members cooperate and actively help others accomplish their goals.

4. GROUP PERFORMANCE FACTORS
The performance of any group is affected by several factors other
than the reasons for its formation and the stages of its development. In
high performing group, a group synergy often develops in which the
group performance is more than the sum of the individual
contributions of its members.

5. 4 BASIC GROUP PERFORMANCE FACTORS
 Composition – a group is homogeneous if the members are similar in one
or several ways that are critical to the work of the group, such age, work
experience, education, technical specialty or cultural background.
In heterogeneous groups, the members are different in one or more
ways that are critical to the work of the group.
 Size – can have an important effect on performance: a group with many
members has more resources available and may be able to complete a
larger number of relatively independent tasks.
 Norms – is standard against which the appropriateness of a behavior is
judged. Thus a norm is the expected behavioral pattern in a certain
situations. Norms results from the combination of members personality
characteristics, the situation, the task and the historical traditions of the
group.
 Cohesiveness – all forces acting on the members to remain in the group.
The forces that create cohesiveness are attraction to the group, resistance
to leaving the group and the motivation to remain a member f the group.

6. SMALL GROUP LARGE GROUP
• Frequent Interactions
• Free Flow of Information • Interactions are limited to only part
• Agreements Easier to Reach of the group membership.
• Communication may be formalized.
• Use of Agendas at Meeting.
• Tendency to break into sub- groups.