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Perception is important for understanding individual differences because how people perceived a situation determines how people behave. Perception is part of that personal dimension that makes people see situations differently as well as shapes their attitude in terms of their work environment. This lesson seeks to help students:
1. describe the major elements of the perceptual process;
2. identify the main factors that influence what individual perceive; and
3. Identify factors that determine how one person perceives another.
Leadership Types part I by Kurt Lewin et al (1939) Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez Faire leadership Style and Transformational or Charismatic Leadership Style
Social Group Work in Community setting by Anshu. Jaiswal (RGNIYD)NILAMBAR MANDAL
Presentation on "social Group Work in Community setting" by the student of Department of Social Work, Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth development (An Institute of National Importance by the act of Parliament)
Perception is important for understanding individual differences because how people perceived a situation determines how people behave. Perception is part of that personal dimension that makes people see situations differently as well as shapes their attitude in terms of their work environment. This lesson seeks to help students:
1. describe the major elements of the perceptual process;
2. identify the main factors that influence what individual perceive; and
3. Identify factors that determine how one person perceives another.
Leadership Types part I by Kurt Lewin et al (1939) Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez Faire leadership Style and Transformational or Charismatic Leadership Style
Personality development according to punchakosh 2016Varadraj Bapat
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there are five types of koshas
Anamay kosh, Pranamay kosh, Manomay kosh, Vignayanmay kosh, Aanandamay kosh.
Definitions of yoga in reference to various ancient texts such as yoga darsana , Geeta, Upanishads,veda, and some contemporary yogis .
#yoga
#patanjali
#yoga_sutras
#introduction_to_yoga
#what_is_yoga?
#vedas
#upanishads
#geeta
Leadership Types Part II by Bales Task-Oriented leadership and Socio-emotionall leadership styles. Graduate Course. Both in Hindi and English explained by Examples
Fundamental of Statistics and Types of CorrelationsRajesh Verma
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1. समूह: परिभाषा औि प्रकाि
Group: Definition and Types
Dr. Rajesh Verma
Asst Professor in Psychology
FGM Govt. College Adampur, Hisar, Haryana
2. Definition
An organised unit of two or
more individuals, who are
interacting and interdependent,
who have common motive, have a
set of role relationships among its
members, and have norms that
regulate the behavior of its
members (NCERT).
3. परिभाषा
एक समूह को दो या दो से अधिक व्यधियों की एक
संगधित व्यवस्था के रूप में परिभाधषत धकया जा सकता है,
जो एक दूसिे से अन्तःधिया किते हैं औि पिस्पि धिभभि होते
हैं, धजिके पास एक जैसी अधभप्रेिणाएं होती है, सदस्यों के
बीच भूधमका संबंिों का एक सेट होता है, औि सदस्यों के
व्यवहाि को धियंधित कििे वाले मािक होते हैं
(NCERT).
4. Group is a social unit which
consists of two or more persons
with following characteristics: -
1. Membership,
2. Mutual Interaction,
3. Common Goals & Motives,
4. Shared Norms,
5. Interdependency, and
6. Joint Association.
5. समूह दो या दो से अधिक
व्यधियों की एक सामाधजक इकाई होती है धजसमें
धिम्िधलधित धवशेषताओं पाई जाती हैं: -
1. सदस्यता,
2. पिस्पि अन्तःधिया,
3. साझा लक्ष्य औि उद्देश्य,
4. साझा मािदंड,
5. अंतधिभभभिता, औि
6. संयुि साहचयभ।
6. Types of Group
The main types of group are: -
1. Primary and Secondary group.
2. Formal and Informal group.
3. Ingroup and Outgroup.
7. समूह के प्रकाि
समूह के मुख्य प्रकाि िीचे धदए गए हैं: -
1. प्राथधमक औि धितीयक समूह।
2. औपचारिक औि अिौपचारिक समूह।
3. अन्तःसमूह औि बाहिी-समूह।
8. Primary and Secondary Group.
Primary – The groups that pre-exists and
an individual becomes the member of that
group by virtue of birth, e.g. family, caste,
religion etc.
1. Face to face interaction.
2. Close physical proximity.
3. Share warm emotional bonds.
4. Develops values and ideals in early
stage of development.
5. Boundaries are less permeable.
6. Lasts for longer period.
9. प्राथममक औि मितीयक समूह
प्राथमिक – वह सिूह जो पहले से ही ववद्यिान
रहता है और व्यक्तत जन्ि से उस सिूह का
सदस्य बनता है ऐसे सिूह को प्राथमिक सिूह कहा
जाता है, उदाहरण – पररवार, जातत, धिम इत्यादद।
1. अधधक परस्पर अन्तःधिया ।
2. घतनष्ट तनकटता।
3. अंतरंग भावनात्िक संबंि।
4. जीवन के ववकास के शुरुआती चरण िें
िूल्यों और आदशों का ववकास करता है।
5. सीिाएं कि पारगम्य होती हैं।
6. लंबी अवधध के मलए रहता है।
10. Secondary – A large group that an
individual joins by choice is called
secondary group e.g. political party, school,
committee etc. In secondary group the
1. Lesser and infrequent face-to-face
interaction among members.
2. Relationships are more formal,
impersonal, indirect and less frequent.
3. No emotional bonds.
4. Roles are interchangeable.
11. मितीयक – एक ऐसा बडा समूह धजसमें व्यधि अपिी इच्छा
से जुडता है को द्ववतीयक सिूह कहा जाता है ।
उदाहरण - िाजिीधतक दल, स्कू ल इत्याधद।
इि समूहों में
1. कम परस्पर अन्तःधिया पाई जाती है।
2. संबंि औपचारिक, अवैयधिक, औि अप्रत्यक्ष होते
हैं।
3. िा के बिाबि भाविात्मक संबंि।
4. भूधमकाएं बदली जा सकती हैं।
12. Formal and Informal Groups
Formal – The groups that are formed on
the basis of some specific laws or rules and
whose functions are explicitly stated are
called formal groups, e.g. university, unions
etc.
Informal – The groups which are formed
without any law or rule and have a close
relationship among its members are called
informal groups, e.g. family, peer group etc.
13. औपचारिक औि अनौपचारिक समूह औपचारिक –
धजि समूहों के कायों को स्पष्ट रूप से बताया गया होता है
औि वे कु छ धवधशष्ट कािूिों या धियमों के आिाि पि गधित
धकए गए होते हैं, उदाहरण के मलए धवश्वधवद्यालय,
यूधियि आधद।
अनौपचारिक – समूह जो धकसी भी कािूि या धियम के
धबिा गधित होते हैं औि धजसमें सदस्यों एवं साधथयों के
बीच घधिष्ठ संबंि पाए जाते हैं उदाहरण के मलए
पररवार आधद।
14. Ingroup and Outgroup
This distinction between groups is made
from the perspective of a Group Member.
Ingroup – A group of which an individual is a
member is referred to as Ingroup i.e. one’s
own group. The word ‘WE’ is used for
Ingroup members.
1. Members are viewed favourably,
2. Traits are viewed positively,
3. High respect for members and loyalty
towards the group, and
4. High cohesion among members.
15. अन्तःसिूह और बाहरी सिूह
सिूहों िें यह भेद सिूह के सदस्य के
पररप्रेक्ष्य से ककया गया है।
अन्तःसिूह – व्यक्तत क्जस सिूह का सदस्य होता
है, उस सिूह को वह व्यक्तत अन्तःसिूह के रूप
िें देखता है। अन्तःसिूह के सदस्यों के मलए 'हि'
शब्द का उपयोग ककया जाता है।
1. सदस्यों को अनुकू ल रूप से देखा जाता है,
2. गुणों को सकारात्िक रूप से देखा जाता है,
3. सिूह एवं सदस्यों के प्रतत वफादारी और
उच्च सम्िान पाया जाता है, और
4. सदस्यों के बीच उच्च स्तर की एकजुटता देखी
जाती है।
16. Outgroup – A group of which an
individual is not a member is referred to
as Outgroup i.e. other group. The word
‘THEY’ is used for Outgroup members.
1. Members are viewed unfavourably,
2. Traits are perceived negatively,
3. Sense of competition and
opposition among Ingroup and
Outgroup members,
4. Members are viewed differently.
17. बाहिी-समूह – व्यक्तत धजस समूह का सदस्य िहीं होता
है उस समूह को बाहिी-समूह यािी अन्य समूह के रूप में
जािा जाता है। बाहिी-समूह के सदस्यों के धलए 'वे' शब्द का
उपयोग धकया जाता है।
1. सदस्यों को प्रधतकू ल रूप से देिा जाता है,
2. गुणों का िकािात्मक प्रत्यक्षण धकया जाता है,
3. प्रधतस्पिाभ औि धवपक्ष की भाविा पाई जाती है,
4. सदस्यों को अलग अलग प्रकाि से देिा जाता है।