The Grignard reaction involves adding an organomagnesium halide (Grignard reagent) to a ketone or aldehyde. This forms a carbon-carbon bond and produces a tertiary or secondary alcohol. The Grignard reagent is prepared by reacting an organic halide with magnesium. François Grignard discovered these reactions in 1900 and was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work. The reaction occurs when the carbon attached to magnesium acts as a nucleophile that attacks the electrophilic carbon in the carbonyl group, typically through a six-membered ring transition state.

1. Grignard Reaction
By:- Ghulam Umar Mailto
Pharmacy 1st year
Organic chemistry: Grignard
Reaction
Email:maitloumar8@gmail.com

2. Introduction
The Grignard reaction is an organometallic chemical
reaction in which alkyl, vinyl, or aryl-
magnesium halides (Grignard reagent) is added to
a carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone.
OR
 The Grignard Reaction is the addition of an
organomagnesium halide (Grignard reagent) to a
ketone or aldehyde, to form a tertiary or secondary
alcohol
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3. This reaction is important for the formation
of carbon–carbon bonds.
 The reaction of an organic halide with
magnesium is not a Grignard reaction, but
provides a Grignard reagent.
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4. Grignard reagent
A Grignard reagent or Grignard compound is a chemical
compound with the generic formula R−Mg−X,
where X is a halogen and R is an organic group,
normally an alkyl. Two typical examples are
methyl magnesium chloride Cl−Mg−CH3 and
phenyl magnesium bromide (C6H5)−Mg−Br.
They are a subclass of the organomagnesium
compounds.
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5. Formation of Grignard reagent5

6. Grignard reactions and reagents History
Grignard reactions and reagents were
discovered by and are named after the French
chemist François Auguste Victor
Grignard (University of Nancy France),
who published it in 1900 and was
awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1912
for this work
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7. Reaction mechanism
The carbon attached to magnesium functions as
a nucleophile, attacking the electrophilic carbon
atom that is present within the polar bond of a
carbonyl group.
The addition of the Grignard reagent to the carbonyl
typically proceeds through a six-membered ring
transition state
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8. Hydrolysis of Grignard reagent8

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