The document discusses green roofs and their implementation in Erbil City. It provides background on green roofs, their history and types. The document finds that Erbil has a low percentage of green areas at 6.5% compared to an international standard of 30%. It recommends implementing extensive and semi-intensive green roofs on individual building projects in Erbil to increase green space. On a city scale, the document suggests leaders support green roof laws and increase public awareness of their environmental benefits.
This presentation gives a basic information about green roofing technology with easy English in a simple way. It has been used for conducting data about a study on "Assessing the awareness about green roofing technology and the effect of lecture on it. It is with minimum words and maximum content.
roof covered with vegetation either completely or partially. Three types of green roof: extensive (shallow), semi intensive (moderate) and intensive (deep) green roofs. History traces back to the Hanging gardens of Babylon. Germany is the birthplace of modern day green roofs. a green roof has seven different layers: waterproofing membrane, root barrier mambrane, protection layer,drainage layer,filter layer, media and the vegetation/plant layer. advantages include reduce energy consumption and urban heat island effect, air pollution, storm water mitigation, noise reduction and aesthetic beauty.
The latest advent of innovative ideas and thoughts popping up as green roofing in the minds of Engineers and professionals. The ever changing trends of roof makeover in eco-friendly zones made it a sturdy and diverse option for many homes and buildings.
Green roofs & green walls-A green roof or living roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane.
It includes additional drainage and irrigation systems.
In this time of rising temperatures, abundant rain and socioeconomic imbalance, this seminar will suggest that green roofs are a powerful green building Best Management Practices (BMPs).
This presentation will outline the application, feasibility, benefits and challenges of green roofs in commercial application and put several widely debated questions into perspective: modular trays v. contiguous installations, upfront cost v. long-term investment, green roof v. other options, public access v. limited access, etc. Using local, national and international examples, she will explore green roof issues re: longevity, energy savings, stormwater management, maintenance, incentives and LEED points.
The three learning objectives are a) to understand green roof ROI for commercial buildings, b) to compare stormwater strategies of green roofs v underground cisterns and porous pavers and c) to compare green roofs to a solar roof or a white reflective roof.
Green roofs are a means to lowering the overall ambient temperature, reducing longterm costs on our buildings, sequestering CO2 and producing O2, improving the quality of life in our cities and boosting our green economy. Come learn more about green roofs at this seminar on May 7th.
Greensulate and Poplar Network present "Introduction to Green Roofs".
Learn how green roofs work and why they are beneficial to both the indoor and outdoor environment, green buildings and the newest version of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system, LEED v4.
This presentation will also provide you with the information necessary to understand how to differentiate types of green roofs and their respective benefits, and learn how green roofs have been successful in real life case studies.
Finally, you'll get unbiased tips on what to look for in a green roof installer.
A brief overview about the green building strategy known as green roofing. This presentation was originally prepared for St. Louis regional educators who attended the 2014 Sustainability Institute for P12 Educators.
This presentation gives a basic information about green roofing technology with easy English in a simple way. It has been used for conducting data about a study on "Assessing the awareness about green roofing technology and the effect of lecture on it. It is with minimum words and maximum content.
roof covered with vegetation either completely or partially. Three types of green roof: extensive (shallow), semi intensive (moderate) and intensive (deep) green roofs. History traces back to the Hanging gardens of Babylon. Germany is the birthplace of modern day green roofs. a green roof has seven different layers: waterproofing membrane, root barrier mambrane, protection layer,drainage layer,filter layer, media and the vegetation/plant layer. advantages include reduce energy consumption and urban heat island effect, air pollution, storm water mitigation, noise reduction and aesthetic beauty.
The latest advent of innovative ideas and thoughts popping up as green roofing in the minds of Engineers and professionals. The ever changing trends of roof makeover in eco-friendly zones made it a sturdy and diverse option for many homes and buildings.
Green roofs & green walls-A green roof or living roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane.
It includes additional drainage and irrigation systems.
In this time of rising temperatures, abundant rain and socioeconomic imbalance, this seminar will suggest that green roofs are a powerful green building Best Management Practices (BMPs).
This presentation will outline the application, feasibility, benefits and challenges of green roofs in commercial application and put several widely debated questions into perspective: modular trays v. contiguous installations, upfront cost v. long-term investment, green roof v. other options, public access v. limited access, etc. Using local, national and international examples, she will explore green roof issues re: longevity, energy savings, stormwater management, maintenance, incentives and LEED points.
The three learning objectives are a) to understand green roof ROI for commercial buildings, b) to compare stormwater strategies of green roofs v underground cisterns and porous pavers and c) to compare green roofs to a solar roof or a white reflective roof.
Green roofs are a means to lowering the overall ambient temperature, reducing longterm costs on our buildings, sequestering CO2 and producing O2, improving the quality of life in our cities and boosting our green economy. Come learn more about green roofs at this seminar on May 7th.
Greensulate and Poplar Network present "Introduction to Green Roofs".
Learn how green roofs work and why they are beneficial to both the indoor and outdoor environment, green buildings and the newest version of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system, LEED v4.
This presentation will also provide you with the information necessary to understand how to differentiate types of green roofs and their respective benefits, and learn how green roofs have been successful in real life case studies.
Finally, you'll get unbiased tips on what to look for in a green roof installer.
A brief overview about the green building strategy known as green roofing. This presentation was originally prepared for St. Louis regional educators who attended the 2014 Sustainability Institute for P12 Educators.
Although green wall is not a new concept and date back to hanging gardens of Babylonia in 600 BC, but flourished in current decades. In the age of sustainable development planners and architects look for solutions to green the buildings envelops and restore environmental conditions. A variety of different terminology in this area indicates the importance of issue: Hanging or vertical gardens, balcony gardens, vertical farms, containers or planter boxes greening, green roofs or rooftop gardens, green or eco buildings, green walls, wall planters, green envelops and green facades. They can be applied to increase bio diversity and ecological value, out door and indoor value, air quality and finally enhance social and physical well being of city dwellers. This presentation discusses the green facades as one of the vertical greening systems.
contemporary garden, contemporary architecture, landscape architecture, modern garden, elements of modern garden, how to design modern/contemporary garden
GREEN BUILDINGS
Uses less energy, water, natural resources
Generates less waste
Healthier for people living in it
Energy saved= 30-40% per day
Enhanced indoor air quality, light and ventilation
Potable water saving upto 20-30%
High productivity of occupants
Minimum generation of non-degradable waste
Lower operating costs and increase asset value
A green wall is a wall partially or completely covered with greenery that includes a growing medium, such as soil. Most green walls also feature an integrated water delivery system. Green walls are also known as living walls or vertical gardens.
Although green wall is not a new concept and date back to hanging gardens of Babylonia in 600 BC, but flourished in current decades. In the age of sustainable development planners and architects look for solutions to green the buildings envelops and restore environmental conditions. A variety of different terminology in this area indicates the importance of issue: Hanging or vertical gardens, balcony gardens, vertical farms, containers or planter boxes greening, green roofs or rooftop gardens, green or eco buildings, green walls, wall planters, green envelops and green facades. They can be applied to increase bio diversity and ecological value, out door and indoor value, air quality and finally enhance social and physical well being of city dwellers. This presentation discusses the green facades as one of the vertical greening systems.
contemporary garden, contemporary architecture, landscape architecture, modern garden, elements of modern garden, how to design modern/contemporary garden
GREEN BUILDINGS
Uses less energy, water, natural resources
Generates less waste
Healthier for people living in it
Energy saved= 30-40% per day
Enhanced indoor air quality, light and ventilation
Potable water saving upto 20-30%
High productivity of occupants
Minimum generation of non-degradable waste
Lower operating costs and increase asset value
A green wall is a wall partially or completely covered with greenery that includes a growing medium, such as soil. Most green walls also feature an integrated water delivery system. Green walls are also known as living walls or vertical gardens.
Space is a concern for every urban gardener. You can take your garden to the next level, or start one where you had not thought it was possible! We'll survey growing techniques for vertical surfaces both indoor and out-from vine veneers to living walls. Learn about a variety of vertical planting systems and the appropriate plants for each.
This is the presentation created for the class I offered on June 3, 2015 at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.
https://classes.bbg.org/CourseStatus.awp?&course=15SGBVGG
Planning Your Green Roof - Shady Grove Adventist Hospital Healing Garden
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For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
LEED India + Case Study : CII Sohrabji Godrej, ITC Green Centerbaburajiv2007
A brief intro on LEED India, and its accompanying case studies (architectural) on the platinum rated CII Sohrabji Godrej, Hyderabad & ITC Green Center, Gurgaon
The increase of peak and energy demand during the cooling and warming seasons is becoming a critical
issue, as well as air pollution and the intensification of the urban heat island effect. Green roof has been identified as a solution to mitigate the above-mentioned issues and implement principles of sustainable development in building features. There are many operational and environmental benefits of green roofs such as enhancement of buildings’ energy efficiency, improvement of storm water management, decrease of urban heat island effects, decline of air and noise pollutions, and increase of urban wild life habitats.
This paper discusses the current literature and evidence for the benefits of green roofs while highlighting the influences of green roofs on buildings’ energy efficiency. Researches conducted on the potential benefits of green roofs have proved that they can enhance energy performance of buildings in summer and winter as well as improving indoor air temperature.
Create Cool Green Cities! Combat Global Warming!
Contribute for Climate Change issues!
Reduce Energy Consumption in Buildings!
Have Energy Efficient Buildings!
Reduce our City Temp by 2-30C!
Can We Make Life of Common Man Comfortable!
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grenn architecture, concept of sustainability, green architecture journalism, introduction of green architecture, principle of green building design, natural buildings, passive solar design, green building material, living architecture, green walls, green building benefits, methodology of green architecture.
This document is to give an insight on green roofing system, comparing it to the traditional and modern roofing system and also enumerating some key advantages of the new or green system to the environment.
Felton Properties Green Roof Report 400 SW 6th Ave Portland,.docxlmelaine
Felton Properties Green Roof Report
400 SW 6th Ave Portland, OR
400 Building
Introduction:
The ecoRoof will combine innovation with practicality. The building is
currently seeking LEED Gold certification, and ecoREAL will work in an
integrated fashion with roofing experts specializing in weatherproofing,
structural engineers and green roof companies specialized in the bio-
regions native plant species to come up with the best design and function
for meeting the building overall green building goals. Water drainage,
low-impact design and aesthetic will be looked at simultaneously. At
each layer of the green roof sustainable design attributes will be assessed
for regional material (especially vegetation) and recycled content (such
as the HDPE geo-cells) in the drainage system along with triple bottom line
life-cycle assessments on how the project affects the context (such as
HVAC systems, and surrounding buildings). Since the building is on a zero-
lot, the green roof grant is critical for pursuing LEED certification relating to
both Sustainable Sites and Water Efficiency credits. The green roof would
augment Felton Properties commitment to retrofitting their existing
building stock to be more sustainable.
Left: Looking South over green roof installation
Right: Looking Northeast over green roof installation
Project Type Commercial retrofit
Technologies
Malarkey roofing tray system 2000 sqft
Tuff Stuff - Sedum Tile
Major Benefits
Stormwater management - limit disruption and pollution of
natural water flows by managing stormwater runoff.
Heat Island Reduction - reduce heat islands to minimize impact
on microclimate and human and wildlife habitat.
Cost $70,192.00
Constructed
.O. Box 17217, Portland, OR 97217-0217
Telephone: (503) 283-1 www.MalarkeyRoofing.com
.O. Box 17217, Portland, OR 97217-0217
Telephone: (503) 283-1 www.MalarkeyRoofing.com
System Components: AVRS Tray System
System Components: Tuff Stuff – Sedum Tile
Technical Data
Vegetation – 95% coverage
Fiber/Soil Base – Approx. 1” thick
Measurements – 15”w x 20”l x 2”-3”h
Area = 2.08 sqft per tile
Max weight – 4.5 #/sqft fully saturated
Irrigation:
No irrigation was used on this project. The tray system chosen was
designed and planted to not utilize any irrigation system.
Budget:
Existing Roof make minor tune up repairs
At window washer davits and supports, clean and reseal all with SBS
modified mastic and with granules
Make misc. minor repairs and reseal all pipe penetrations
At west parapet reseal parapet cap metal flashing joints
Total: $9,900.00
Green roof option 10% of total roof area 2000sqft
Install 1/8 inch protection board underneath green roof trays, 2000sqft
Install Malakey roofing tray system with fully mature ...
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1. Green Roofs and Their Implementations in Architecture
The obstacle and challenges in Erbil city
Siba Nadhim Kady
Sahar Mohammed Yahya
2. In the last five years, the term green roof has taken on
ecological and social significance beyond its seemingly
simplistic description, this term has become an epithet for the
reduction of pollution and improving urban environment.
Green roofs infrastructure promises to become an increasingly
important solution for building owners and community
planners which provides a significant numbers of social,
environmental and economic benefits that are both public
and private nature
interestingly recent statistics suggested that the percentage of
green areas in Erbil the capital city of Kurdistan region is
approximately 6.5%, while according to international
standards 30% of urban areas should be green.
Abstract
3. Research problem
the ambiguity of green roofs implementation
techniques in the region.
the goal is initiated to determine the obstacle and
challenges of green roofs implementations in Erbil city
as case field by analyzing international experiences
and concluding Erbil’s green roofs criteria
Research goal
4. Introduction
Erbil city is facing environmental problems such as waste
water treatment, water supply, land preservation, air
and noise pollution, although few parks have been
constructed during the past few years, the focus has
been on the main streets and less in residential areas
Moreover, in Kurdistan, people lack the awareness that
planting trees is beneficial for the atmosphere and can
lead to a better living environment for them and their
children. Ironically, not only do some people not plant
trees, they sometimes uproot or cut trees planted by the
government
5. Climate changes, increasing temperatures, storms
and flooding’s especially in the our region, it is not a
forecast, it is happening now. for example Syria has
had its fourth consecutive summer of droughts while
Yemen is struggling with what is considered its worst
flooding in a decade, morocco also affected by
frequent drought, also the country now, Erbil
included, experiences five or six droughts every
year.
Without a national campaign by the people and
the government for increasing greenery areas and
promoting nature, there is a little hope for the future
6. Green Roofs History
Green roofs date back to thousands of years. The oldest green roof appears
to be the ziggurat of ancient Mesopotamia, built from the fourth
millennium until 600 B.C.E.
During the middle ages and renaissance, roof gardens were owned by the
rich and monks.
Germany is known as the birthplace for modern day green roof systems.
In the modern time there were two advocates of green roof technology the
architects Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright. Although Le Corbusier
encouraged rooftops as another location for urban green space, and Wright
used green roofs as a tool to integrate his buildings more closely with the
landscape, neither was aware of the profound environmental and economic
impact that this technology could have on the urban landscape
Green roofs now are the new trend of aesthetical, environmental, economic
and above all sustainable solution for urban environmental problems
7. Green Roof definition
green roofs are mainly the covering for any built
structure at any elevation such as a parking structure,
academic or assembly facility, or any commercial or
residential structure-and thought of as being
programmed and designed for supporting a layer of
vegetation to mitigate storm water loss and heat gain
or as usable, comfortable open space that helps to
improve urban environments.
9. Extensive Semi intensive Intensive
Maintenance Low Periodically High
Plant Communities Ground covers,
grasses
Ground covers, grasses and
shrubs
Lawn or shrub and trees
Plant types Grasses and loans,
ground covers,
seasonal flowers
Climbers, cactus and
succulents, shrubs
Palm trees, ornamental trees,
aqueous plants
Plant Diversity low plant diversity More plant diversity high plant diversity
System Built Up
Height
150- 250 mm
Thin growing medium
250- 500 mm 250- 500 mm, provide planters
for trees and palm 1000mmm
Deep soil
Weight
approximate
50-150 kg/m2 <150 kg/m² >150 kg/m²
Cost Low Medium High
Use Ecological protection
layer
Designed green roof Park like garden, designed more
for aesthetics than performance
Accessibility Not Semi accessible accessible
Irrigation
Requirements
little or no irrigation little irrigation irrigation system; more favorable
conditions for plants
10. Extensive Semi intensive Intensive
Benefits
• Lightweight; roof generally does not
require reinforcement
• Suitable for large areas.
• Suitable for roofs with 0 - 30° (slope).
• Low maintenance and long life.
• Often no need for irrigation and
specialized drainage systems.
• Less technical expertise needed.
• Often suitable for retrofit projects.
• Can leave vegetation to grow
spontaneously.
• Relatively inexpensive.
• Looks more natural.
• Easier for planning authority to demand
as a condition of planning approvals.
• Greater diversity of plants
and habitats.
• Good insulation properties
• More energy efficiency and
storm water retention
capability
• Longer membrane life
• Longer membrane life
Greater diversity of
plants and habitats.
Good insulation
properties.
Can simulate a wildlife
garden on the ground.
Can be made very
attractive visually.
Often accessible, with
more diverse utilization
of the roof. I.e. for
recreation, growing food,
as open space.
More energy efficiency
and storm water retention
capability.
Longer membrane life
Downsides
• Less energy efficiency and storm water
retention benefits.
• More limited choice of plants.
• Usually no access for recreation or other
uses.
• Unattractive to some, especially in winter
• Greater weight loading on
roof than extensive
• Higher maintenance costs
• Greater weight loading on
roof.
• Need for irrigation and
drainage systems requiring
energy, water, materials.
• Higher capital &
maintenance costs.
• More complex systems and
expertise
11. green roof benefits in different climatic
conditions, a comparative review
Climate benefits
Warm Climates -Shading the rooftop layer
-reduction of the direct influence of solar radiations
-reduction of indoor temperature fluctuations
-reduction of indoor air temperature peaks
-reduction of energy used for cooling purpose
Warm And Humid Climate -Indoor daily temperature swings depend on the soil depths
Warm And Dry Climate -Reduction of the outdoor air temperature
-cooling the indoor ambient temperature
Cold Climates -Reduction of daily -temperature swing , reduction of the heat
flow
-doubtful energy performance in winter
-spring and falls, evaporative cooling in the shoulder seasons
may lead to increased building heating loads
12. Green Roof Technical Guidelines
Roof Conditions and Suitability for Greening
Roof conditions and suitability for greening
function Location Accessibility Climate Wind
the primary
functions a
specific
green roof is
required to
perform, will
have
profound
effect on its
overall
design
The height of
the roof, its
orientation, its
exposure to
wind, sun and
shading by
surrounding
buildings will
have impact
Access to the
green roof site
is vital for the
installation,
ongoing
maintenance
and bringing
up materials.
The general
climate as hot,
humid or cold,
dry should be
considered on
plants
selection.
Wind can generate
positive and
negative pressure
forces, which act
on structures. the
most affected areas
by the wind
pressure are:
Corners where
stress level are
very high
Edges, where
stress levels are
high
15. Structure and bedding stability
Structure and bedding stability
Structure and
design loads
green roof is part of the initial design of the building
Depth and
Weight of
media layers
The depth of media layers range between 2.5c.m-200c.m and the
weight of every layer in a green roof system is determined at the point
of maximum water capacity including materials and stored water.
Roof Slope Intensive green roofs are executed on slopes of up to 5 degrees, while
extensive green roofs on slopes of up to 30 degrees and the maximum
slope is 45 degrees.
Water
Proofing roof
membrane
For an existing building, the membrane should be carefully inspected to
determine if it needs to be repaired or placed before the installation.
Parapet
Design and
Protection
against falls
A lower parapet design in low rise building may avoid potential air
turbulence and help minimize uplift forces, on the other hand high rise
buildings are exposed to increased wind pressure resulting in higher
positive uplift forces.
Fire
Resistance
The integration of fire breaks in all types of green roofs is recommended.
Certain plants should be avoided from use on rooftops that are highly
flammable, or that develop large root systems and thus high biomass, or
that are excessively thirsty.
16. Green Roofs Implementation Levels
There are two main levels for green roofs implementations, city
scale level and project scale level.
By implementing green roofs on city scale level, the benefits will be
public for the total urban environment, this level need a lot of
support and previous planning from different institutions whether
it’s on the leaders, legislators, regulators, planners, designers,
builders, and master planning levels.
On the other hand by implementing green roof on project scale
level, the benefits will be private for building owners and planners.
This level required several procedures like merging landscape and
architecture, enhancing urban microclimate, enhancing the
integration of parking, surface, structured, and underground parking
17. Green Roofs samples
Mountain equipment coop, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2]
Implementations Level project scale level
Green Roof Type extensive
Overview: This inaccessible green roof garden located on downtown Toronto corporate
Headquarters of the mountain equipment co-op. The 903 m2 green roof area
Surrounds a skylight located on the second floor of the building. The roof has Full
sun exposure and a load capacity of 40 psf. The vegetation is a wild flower
meadow mix of sun flower seeds and perennial plants.
Owner: Mountain equipment co-op
Construction: Installation of the green roof took place in May 1998 and the building Was
constructed during fall 1997- winter 1998.
Drivers: Some items in the program had no quantifiable economic benefit, but to the
owner they contributed to social and community leadership. The building was
intended to encourage discussion and debate about environmental Issues and
the green roof has contributed to this.
Obstacles: The possibilities of added costs of structural redesign allowing for employee
accessibility were barriers. Since the roof structure would have had to be further
upgraded to accommodate live loads, accessibility was not incorporated Into the
design.
Benefits: The green roof does have environmental and community benefits. It will also have
some operating cost benefit due to thermal inertia of mass of growing medium
successful in the establishment of the vegetation and wildlife
18. Vancouver Public Library, British Columbia, Canada [11]
Implementations Level project scale level
Green Roof Type extensive
Overview: This extensive 2 400 m2 green roof in Vancouver can be viewed from surrounding
downtown office towers. The inaccessible roof is located on top the 7 story library.
It is oriented toward the city and the harbor. Four different types of trees, green
and blue/green tufted fescues are planted in a light weight growing medium
which is composed of reconstituted vegetable waste, sand and pumice.
Owner: City of Vancouver
Construction: Building and green roof were constructed in 1995
Drivers: Environmental and aesthetic purposes
Obstacles: None
Benefits: The green roof was a great success
but no quantifiable data collected
19. Vancouver Public Library, British Columbia, Canada [2]
Implementations Level city scale level
Green Roof Type semi-extensive
Overview: This demonstration project is located on the first floor podium roof of the Toronto City
Hall building at 100 Queen Street West. The green roof is accessible to the public. It
features eight different plots that represent a variety of green roof applications. The
eight plots include:
• 2 semi-extensive systems demonstrating a variety of plant types and landscaping
techniques
• Reproduction of the now rare black oak savannah prairie ecosystem type with
native plants drawn from nearby High Par
• A bird and butterfly garden with a mixture of native and non-native material
• 2 extensive green roof plots demonstrating a wide variety of plants
• 2 urban agricultural plots, one of which demonstrates some of the principles and
plant types associated with permaculture
Owner: The City of Toronto
Construction: Re-roofing and green roof were constructed in the fall of 2000
Drivers: Need for Technical research on performance and demonstration
Obstacles: Many constituencies were involved and needed to be accommodated in order to
implement the green roof.
Benefits: The green roof provides an excellent opportunity for public and professional access
to a variety of different types of applications in one place.
20. Green roof in Erbil/ the obstacles and
possibilities
Erbil, as increasingly growing city , the green roofs
gardens could be implemented in two main levels:
city scale level and project scale level with two types
of green roofs extensive and semi intensive
21.
22. Erbil
Implementations
Level
Project scale level
Roof type Intensive
Overview: This type of a green roof garden can be viewed in newly
planned high rise residential buildings
owner Building residence
Construction: 1. Planting
2. Intensive soil
3. Filter
4. Beodrain
Drivers Economic and environmental purposes for building residence
Obstacles This type of green roof should be considered in the design face
of the building in order to pre-calculate all the necessary
constructional treatment for all the loads and irrigation systems
accompanying with it.
Benefits This green roof garden is an ideal social place for rise building
families cause it is accessible and it is provided with
architecture elements such as walk ways, pavements, water
pools, play area, also it contains a great diversity of plants so it
could be one of an economic solution
23. Recommendation
Leaders and Planners have to encourage and support these two types of
green roof garden and provide laws and legislation for their implementation
in Erbil.
Increasingly the awareness of the environmental importance of green roofs
garden as one of the effective ways to increase the green areas in the city.
It is possible to propose an economic and environment-friendly system for
irrigation with the help of recycled water and solar energy where possible
to reduce the energy consumption needed to irrigate the green roofs.
In order to have a long lasting environmental improvement in Erbil and the
region in general, Green roof implementation should be considered in the
primary phase of any building or city master plan design, and for every
future expanding.
Further studies should be considered in this field to support the field of
practice of Green roof.