This presentation lecture was delivered in HITEC University, Pakistan. This is my view of the cloud and next generation computing infrastructure supported by the cloud infrastructure.

1. A Seminar on Cloud
Computing
A knowledge sharing session by :
Dr. Abdullah (Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, HITEC University, Pakistan)
PhD Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.

2. Why learn about cloud computing
● Everyone is talking about it, it is a
buzzword.
● Seen acceleration in cloud adoption.
● One of the five top technology trends
according to gartner
Image Courtesy: formstack.com 2

3. The term “cloud computing”
● The “cloud” in cloud computing
originated from the habit of
drawing the internet as a fluffy
cloud in network diagrams.
Image Courtesy: infoworld.com
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4. Historic Perspective
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5. Paradigm Shifting or Pendulum Swing
● In early days of computing we have central mainframes and minis to
which dumb user terminal are connected.
● From late 70s till end of 20th century the paradigm is shifted to PCs,
workstation and distributed computing over the network.
● Since 2000’s the industry is again shifting towards centralization, make
everything available on the centralized cloud platform and then
accessing them ubiquitously through a plethora of platforms.
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6. What is cloud computing?
● It is a business model
● The closest analogy can be of
the car/home rental business.
● “A computing paradigm where
the boundaries of computing
will be determined by economic
rationale rather than technical
limits alone”. Prof. Ramnath
Chellappa (1997)
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7. What is cloud computing (proper perspective)
● Solution and services that are delivered and consumed in real time over
the internet are cloud services.
● Cloud computing is the delivery model of computing services over the
internet.
● Datacenter over an API. Datacenter normally provides: Infrastructure, or Softwares
in form of web applications
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8. What is not Cloud Computing
● Cloud computing is not a processing
model.
○ i.e. Parallel and Distributed Computing Model
○ e.g. Cluster Computing, and Grid Computing.
Image Courtesy: wikipedia
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9. Prominent feature of cloud computing model
● From Business point of view:
○ Reduction/transformation of capital
expenditure to operational expenditure.
○ Pay as you use.
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10. Prominent feature of cloud computing model
● From Technical point of view:
○ On demand (self-service) provisioning.
○ Multi-tenancy.
○ Autoscaling.
○ Ubiquitous access: anytime, anywhere,
any device.
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11. Enabling technologies for cloud computing
● The main enabling technologies behind the conception of cloud
computing is virtualization.
● Virtualization: is simulating a hardware platform, an operating system,
storage, or network resources.
● Virtual Machines and Virtual File System.
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12. Virtualization Overview
● Before Virtualization:
○ Single OS per machine.
○ Resource Underutilization
○ Inflexible and cost infrastructure.
● After Virtualization:
○ Hardware Independence of OS and
Apps.
○ Prebuilt VM can be provisioned to any
system.
○ Manage OS and application as single
package (called VM).
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13. Virtualization Approaches
Type 1 Virtualization Type 2 Virtualization
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14. Yet another definition of cloud computing
● The virtualization and central management of data center resources as software-defined pools.
○ These software defined pools are delivered to the consumer over an API.
■ i.e. SaaS, PaaS, IaaS.
● This is how public cloud service providers works.
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15. Virtualize or “not to virtualize”
● Virtualization brings an overhead with itself. CPU 4%, Disk about 21%.
● The low level computer system sub components cannot be properly virtualized.
● This un-virtualized components are shared bottlenecks.
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16. Cloud computing
services stack
architecture
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17. Fundamental cloud computing services
Infrastructure as a Service: specifically bare-machine-as-a-service:
usually emulated (VM). You get root.
Platform as a Service: "platform" here means "the OS comes
pre-installed, and is maintained by us for you". You're responsible
for configuring (but possibly also installing) purely user-level
programs. You get a non-root account.
Software as a Service: a bit of a catch-all, all you get is access to some
over-the-internet service, usually delivered via web browser,
perhaps app. You get non-shell-login access.
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18. Software as a Service
In this case the application itself is provided by the service provider, typically via web browser.
Examples – Gmail, Hotmail, Picasa , Flickr, Webex, OfficeLive
Strengths include:
● Reduction of local overhead
● Centralized management resulting in
decreased maintenance cost for the user
● Potential transparent and passive revenue
stream for the developer
● Centralized authentication and general
security
Weaknesses include:
● Increased transit time when translating
client API call to SaaS API
● Market is flooded with SaaS, meaning
competition is high
● Without proper planning, versioning can
break an entire network of users
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19. Platform as a Service
Hosted application environment for developing and deploying cloud based applications.
Examples – Google AppEngine, CloudBees, EngineYard, Amazon Elastic Beanstalk.
Strengths include:
● Additional processing power and
platform capabilities without the physical
footprint
● Lower API developer overhead
● Scalable processing and memory
provisions utilizing third party software
Weaknesses Include:
● Increased liability: encrypted or
compressed data can’t be monitored
without decryption, which increases
system load
● Limited revenue stream outside of
subscriptions due to integrity demand
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20. Infrastructure as a Service
• Service provider offers capacity for rent basically hosted Data centers and Servers
• An evolution of web site and server hosting services which provided servers and Virtual Private
servers. Examples – Google Compute Cloud, Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, Rackspace.
Strengths include:
● Reduction of total operating cost
● High scalability: it’s easier to add a few
more virtual servers than to install a
whole new rack.
● Location flexibility: your servers are
located elsewhere, so you can operate
from literally any place that has an
internet connection.
Weaknesses Include:
● Lack of control over the physical network
● Decreased security due to lack of
physical network access and
development lifecycle
● Dependence on constant connection
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21. Cloud computing end user view
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22. Cloud computing end responsibility view
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23. A Misconception
● Cloud-Based means providing something as a service and that service
comply to the characteristics of cloud services, and respect the layer
stack.
● So, If you peoples are utilizing the cloud services just for hosting your
application on a cloud server or building upon a cloud platform it
cannot be considered as a cloud based solution.
● Rather , it will be considered as a cloud hosted (client-server), or a
cloud assisted application.
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24. Cloud computing
deployment
models
Scalability
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25. Cloud computing deployment models
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● Private Cloud is proprietary network
or data center that uses cloud
computing technologies, such as
virtualization and is operated for a
single organization.
● Public Cloud is the provisioning of
computation, storage and application
resources to the general public by a
service provider, named cloud
provider.
● Hybrid Cloud is the amalgam of both
private and public clouds. Internal
resources in a private cloud to
maintain total control over its
proprietary data.

26. Advantages and Disadvantages of cloud environment
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28. Moving the Cloud to the Edge
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29. What is Edge Computing?
● While the cloud refers to computing powered by large, distributed groups of servers,
the edge refers to compute on the edge of the network, closer to or at the data source
itself.
● And, while edge computing exclusively refers to compute at the ingress of the
network, fog computing is inclusive of computing anywhere along the continuum,
from cloud to the edge.
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30. IoT and Cloud computing http://blueapp.io
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31. IoT and Cloud computing stack
● The Internet of Things (IoT) involves the
internet-connected devices we use to
perform the processes and services that
support our way of life..
● Cloud computing and IoT are tightly
coupled. The growth of IoT and the rapid
development of associated technologies
create a widespread connection of “things.”
This has lead to the production of large
amounts of data, which needs to be stored,
processed and accessed.
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32. Big Data and HPC in cloud computing
● Clusters outperform cloud environment of the same magnitude but cluster are expensive in
term of management and capital expense.
● The scalability factor of cloud computing takes the performance leverage over the cluster at
a fraction of cost.
● Performance isolation of low level system components is also an issue with cloud system.
● Cloud computing is not for High-Performance Computing or for Big Data processing. But
Cloud computing is a driving force behind generating big data.
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33. We Still Need the Cloud
● The cloud and the traditional ‘data warehouse’ model is still needed in situations
requiring heavy computing and storage resources, such as big data analytics on
historical data.
● We’re in the midst of a countless number of trends which all converge at the need for
computing to move from the cloud to the edge, we should expect edge computing and
fog computing to become a more popular topic of conversation in the near future.
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34. Sources
1. https://www.slideshare.net/ProfEdge/introduction-to-cloud-computing-23970527.
2. http://www.idi.ntnu.no/grupper/su/publ/phd/osterlie-triallecture09.pdf
3. http://www.akro.com.au/akroimages/documents/gartner_report_december_11_tech_trend s_dcappuccio.pdf
4. http://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud/
5. http://www.oracle.com/us/dm/powering-generation-278787.pdf
6. http://www.vmware.com/pdf/virtualization.pdf
7. http://www.slideshare.net/liuliming/introduction-to-cloud-computing-presentation
8. http://www.slideshare.net/craigsdickson/cloud-computing-introduction-1593276
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_service
10. https://www.pubnub.com/blog/moving-the-cloud-to-the-edge-computing/
11. https://serverfault.com/questions/225719/so-really-what-is-the-overhead-of-virtualization-and-when-should-i-be-concerned
12. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.09123.pdf
13. https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/larryexchange/2015/12/29/performance-overhead-of-nested-virtualization-on-windows-
server-2016-technical-preview-4/
14. https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-145/final
15. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/I_Dream_of_IoT/Chapter_4_:_IoT_and_Cloud_Computing
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35. Be Happy, and Blessed
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