This document is a project report submitted by a group of 6 students at V.V.P. Engineering College in Rajkot, Gujarat, India. The report discusses green building concepts, features, history, benefits, and materials. It provides definitions of green building, describes features like efficient energy and water use, and renewable materials. The report outlines environmental benefits like reduced emissions, economic benefits like cost savings, and social benefits like improved health and well-being. Examples of green building materials discussed include straw bales and grasscrete.

1. GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY
Gujarat, Ahmed Abad
V.V.P. ENGINERING COLLEGE, RAJKOT
PROJECT REPORT ON
GREEN BUILDING
under subject of design engineering IB
BE.semester4
civil department
submitted by:
Name of student:
zahidullah utmankhil 170470106068
Abdulahad gulistani 170470106063
Majid hedayat 170470106066
Eisa hashemi 170470106067
Abdul hadi haqjo 170470106064
Ewaz rasuli 170470106065
faculty guide: KAJAL Madam
academic year(2018-2019)

2. V.V.P. ENGINNEERINGCOLLEGE
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “Green building” tht has been
created by group of student named (Zahidullah Utmankhil, Abdulahad
Gulistani, Majid Hedayat , Ewaz Rasuli, Abdulhadi Haqjo, Eisa
Hashmi) under guidence as part of requirements for the subject of green building
1B bachelor of engineering in civil engineering of fourth semester of Gujarat
Technological university has been completed.
year(2018-2019)
Internal guide: Head of department:
prof.assistant: Kajal madam Dr.J.V. Mehta

3. Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to
both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally
responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning
to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition
or
A green building: Makes efficient use of land, materials, energy, and water.
Generates minimal or no waste. Provides a healthy indoor environment for its
occupants.
or
A ‘green’ building is a building that, in its design, construction or operation,
reduces or eliminates negative impacts, and can create positive impacts, on our
climate and natural environment. Green buildings preserve precious natural
resources and improve our quality of life.
Concept of green building :
Green building is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are
environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-
cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and
deconstruction
Features of green building:
There are a number of features which can make a building ‘green’. These include:
 Efficient use of energy, water and other resources
 Use of renewable energy, such as solar energy
 Pollution and waste reduction measures, and the enabling of re-use and
recycling
 Good indoor environmental air quality
 Use of materials that are non-toxic, ethical and sustainable
 Consideration of the environment in design, construction and operation
 Consideration of the quality of life of occupants in design, construction and
operation
 A design that enables adaptation to a changing environment

4. Any building can be a green building, whether it’s a home, an office, a school, a
hospital, a community centre, or any other type of structure, provided it includes
features listed above.
However, it is worth noting that not all green buildings are – and need to be - the
same. Different countries and regions have a variety of characteristics such as
distinctive climatic conditions, unique cultures and traditions, diverse building
types and ages, or wide-ranging environmental, economic and social priorities – all
of which shape their approach to green building.
This is why WorldGBC supports its member Green Building Councils and theirmember companies in individual countries and across regions, to pursue greenbuildings that are best suited to their own markets.history of green building :According to David Gissen, curator of architecture and design and the National BuildingMuseum in Washington DC, structures such as London’s Crystal Palace and Milan’s GalleriaVittorio Emanuele II used methods that decreased the impact of the structure on theenvironment. Systems such as roof ventilators and underground air-cooling chambers wereused to regulate indoor air temperature.2
In the early twentieth century, several skyscraperssuch as the Flatiron Building and the New York Times Building in New York utilized deep-set windows and the Carson Pirie Scott department store in Chicago had retractableawnings. Both of these techniques were effective in controlling interior temperature whilelessoning the buildings’ impact on the environment.
From the 1930’s through the 1960’s, the forward thinking cooling
methods mentioned above gave way to some new building technologies
that would change inner-city building construction dramatically. The
invention of air conditioning, reflective glass, and structural steel
popularized the enclosed glass and steel buildings that litter the
American city today. These buildings were able to be heated and cooled
with massive HVAC systems that consumed huge amounts of cheap and
readily available fossil fuels. The massive consumption of energy
required to inhabit these buildings made their viability tenable and
entirely dependent upon energy availability and cost.
The benefits of green buildings :
The world over, evidence is growing that green buildings bring multiple benefits.
They provide some of the most effective means to achieving a range of global
goals, such as addressing climate change, creating sustainable and thriving
communities, and driving economic growth.
Highlighting these benefits, and facilitating a growing evidence base for proving
them, is at the heart of what we do as an organisation.
The benefits of green buildings can be grouped within three categories:
environmental, economic and social. Here, we provide a range of facts and
statistics from various third-party sources that present these benefits.

5. Environmental :
One of the most important types of benefit green buildings offer is to our climate
and the natural environment. Green buildings can not only reduce or eliminate
negative impacts on the environment, by using less water, energy or natural
resources, but they can - in many cases - have a positive impact on the
environment (at the building or city scales) by generating their own energy or
increasing biodiversity.
At a global level:
 The building sector has the largest potential for significantly reducing
greenhouse gas emissions compared to other major emitting sectors
 This emissions savings potential is said to be as much as 84 gigatonnes of
CO2 (GtCO2) by 2050, through direct measures in buildings such as energy
efficiency, fuel switching and the use of renewable energy.
 The building sector has the potential to make energy savings of 50% or more
in 2050, in support of limiting global temperature rises to 2°C (above pre-
industrial levels).
Economic
Green buildings offer a number of economic or financial benefits, which are
relevant to a range of different people or groups of people. These include cost
savings on utility bills for tenants or households (through energy and water
efficiency); lower construction costs and higher property value for building
developers; increased occupancy rates or operating costs for building owners; and
job creation. Since the publication of WorldGBC’s groundbreaking 2013 report,
The Business Case for Green Building, we have sought to strengthen the link
between green buildings and the economic benefits they can offer.
At a global level:

6.  Global energy efficiency measures could save an estimated €280 to €410
billion in savings on energy spending (and the equivalent to almost double
the annual electricity consumption of the United States
Social
Green building benefits go beyond economics and the environment, and have been
shown to bring positive social impacts too. Many of these benefits are around the
health and wellbeing of people who work in green offices or live in green homes.
Energy An energy-efficient building reduces greenhouse gas emissions, lowers
utility bills, and improves comfort.
 Energy Conservation Analysis: Required for large (10,000 sq.ft. or
more) commercial projects and recommended for multifamily and mixed-
use projects. For multifamily projects, participate in the to receive energy
design assistance and cash incentives.
 Building Energy Saving Ordinance (BESO) BESO requires building owners to
complete whole-building energy assessments and publicly report the
building's energy efficiency information. BESO is required prior to sale of a
house or whole-building, except for large buildings over 25,000 square feet
and on a phased-in schedule for all buildings, except houses.
Water: Controlling stormwater runoff protects the San Francisco Bay and our
local creeks and watersheds. Construction activities are the largest source of
stormwater pollution in the Bay. Water conservation helps save water while saving
money and energy.
 Reduction of Stormwater Pollution: All construction projects must
manage stormwater pollution. The summarizes the onsite storm water
treatment and required checklists for projects based on the quantity of
impervious surface that they create or replace.
 Protecting Health of Creeks: Requirements vary depending on project
scope and distance from the creek. The City has consolidated information
on the locations of open and culverted creeks and their regulations at the
 Fixing Leaks in Sewer Laterals: Required for remodeling projects and when
properties are sold.

7.  East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) Section 31 Water Efficiency
Regulations: All applicants for new and expanded service are required to
comply,
Green building materials:
1. Straw Bales
Rather than relying on new research and technology, straw bale building hearkens
back to the days when homes were built from natural, locally-occurring materials.
Straw bales are used to create a home’s walls inside of a frame, replacing other
building materials such as concrete, wood, gypsum, plaster, fiberglass, or stone.
When properly sealed, straw bales naturally provide very high levels of insulation
for a hot or cold climate, and are not only affordable but sustainable as straw is a
rapidly renewable resource.
2. Grasscrete
As its name might indicate, grasscrete is a method of laying concrete flooring,
walkways, sidewalks, and driveways in such a manner that there are open patterns
allowing grass or other flora to grow. While this provides the benefit of reducing
concrete usage overall, there’s also another important perk — improved
stormwater absorption and drainage.
3. Rammed Earth
What’s more natural than the dirt under your feet? In fact, walls that have a similar
feel to concrete can actually be created with nothing more than dirt tamped down
very tightly in wooden forms. Rammed earth is a technology that has been used by
human civilization for thousands of years, and can last a very long time. Modern
rammed earth buildings can be made safer by use of rebar or bamboo, and
mechanical tampers reduce the amount of labor required to create sturdy walls.

8. 4. HempCrete
HempCrete is just what it sounds like – a concrete like material created from the
woody inner fibers of the hemp plant. The hemp fibers are bound with lime to
create concrete-like shapes that are strong and light. HempCrete blocks are super-
lightweight, which can also dramatically reduce the energy used to transport the
blocks, and hemp itself is a fast-growing, renewable resource
5. Bamboo
Bamboo might seem trendy, but it has actually been a locally-sourced building
material in some regions of the world for millennia. What makes bamboo such a
promising building material for modern buildings is its combination of tensile
strength, light weight, and fast-growing renewable nature. Used for framing
buildings and shelters, bamboo can replace expensive and heavy imported
materials and provide an alternative to concrete and rebar construction, especially
in difficult-to reach areas, post-disaster rebuilding, and low-income areas with
access to natural locally-sourced bamboo
6. Recycled Plastic
Instead of mining, extracting, and milling new components, researchers are
creating concrete that includes ground up recycled plastics and trash, which not only
reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but reduces weight and provides a new use for
landfill-clogging plastic waste.
7. Wood
Plain old wood still retains many advantages over more industrial building materials
like concrete or steel. Not only do trees absorb CO2 as they grow, they require
much less energy-intensive methods to process into construction products.
Properly managed forests are also renewable and can ensure a biodiverse habitat.
8. Mycelium
Mycelium is a crazy futuristic building material that’s actually totally natural – it
comprises the root structure of fungi and mushrooms. Mycelium can be
encouraged to grow around a composite of other natural materials, like ground up
straw, in molds or forms, then air-dried to create lightweight and strong bricks or
other shapes.

9. 9. Ferrock
Ferrock is a new material being researched that uses recycled materials including
steel dust from the steel industry to create a concrete-like building material that is
even stronger than concrete. What’s more, this unique material actually absorbs and
traps carbon dioxide as part of its drying and hardening process – making it not
only less CO2 intensive than traditional concrete, but actually carbon neutral.
10. AshCrete
AshCrete is a concrete alternative that uses fly ash instead of traditional cement. By
using fly ash, a by-product of burning coal, 97 percent of traditional components in
concrete can be replaced with recycled materia
11. Timbercrete
Timbercrete is an interesting building material made of sawdust and concrete mixed
together. Since it is lighter than concrete, it reduces transportation emissions, and
the sawdust both reuses a waste product and replaces some of the energy-intensive
components of traditional concrete. Timbercrete can be formed into traditional
shapes such as blocks, bricks, and pavers
Civil Engineering Design For Green Building
The passive solar building design techniques were practiced for thousands of
years, by necessity, before the advent of mechanical heating and cooling. It has
remained a traditional part of vernacular architecture in many countries [2].
There is evidence that ancient cultures considered factors such as solar
orientation, thermal mass and ventilation in the construction of residential
dwellings [2]. Fully developed solar architecture and urban planning methods
were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese who oriented their buildings
toward the south to provide light and warmth. In India, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra
and Red Fort, Delhi is excellent example of passive solar architectural
concepts. Passive solar building design is one part of green building design,
and it does not include the active systems [2].
Green buildings have both tangible and intangible benefits. Most important

10. benefits are reduction in energy and water consumption from the very first
day of occupancy [7]. Green buildings address the most important national
priorities which include water conservation, handling of consumer waste,
energy conservation, conservation of resources like wood and lesser
dependence on usage of energy intensive building materials. Green
building encourages use of water in a self sustainable manner through
reducing, recycling and reusing strategies. By this means, 30 - 50% of
potable water can be saved [7]. Green practice encourages to segregates
the waste generated at household level itself. Green building minimizes
energy consumption through energy efficient artificial lighting systems, air
conditioning systems, motors, pumps etc and using daylight. The use of
energy efficient appliances leads to 20 - 30% overall energy saving [7].
Use of alternative and green fuels for transportation and captive power
generation is an integral part of green buildings. Green building projects
encourages the use of recycled and reused material thus reducing the
impact on environment. Health, well-being and comfort are most
important aspect of green building. Hence the green buildings ensure use
of maximum day lighting and natural ventilation.
1. Green Building Design Examples
This new building is the first building in Madhya Pradesh to undergo green
certification (Figure 2). The construction process of this building
incorporated various green buildings practices [8]. Sustainable site
planning and design is taken care by erosion and sedimentation control
measures like trenches, sedimentation basins and mulching have been
incorporated on the site, and the dense plantation of trees on steep slopes
to prevent erosion. Temporary drainage channels are being constructed
around the construction site to direct pollutant-laden water to a treatment
device, thereby preventing groundwater contamination. Topsoil from the
site has been collected and stored; and is re-applied, after adding fertilizers,
to achieve the nutrient content for the healthy growth of vegetation.
Compensatory plantation in the ratio of 1:4 of removed mature trees has
been integrated in the landscape plan [8]. Water efficiency is taken care
by using fixtures with flow rate
Recommended by GRIHA rating. This leads to 50% reduction in water
consumption in the building [8]. Features such as soak pits and detention
basins in the form of water ponds have been incorporated to integrate

11. rainwater harvesting at the site. Taking cognizance of the lack of sewer
lines on the existing campus, the college has followed the norms provided
by GRIHA to treat all waste water on the campus by a decentralized waste
water treatment plant. Energy and atmosphere, and material and resources
component is taken care by optimizing the building envelope in the air-
conditioned spaces following the recommendations provided in the draft
ECBC (Energy Conservation Building Code) and National Building Code
2005. Indoor Environment Quality component has been taken care by
optimizing building envelope by proper fenestration design, shading,
combination of insulated and double brick cavity walls, and an efficient
lighting and air-conditioning system. From the different measures has
taken, it is estimated that the annual energy consumption for cooling and
lighting of the building will achieve a 24% reduction from the benchmark.
Thermal comfort criteria as specified by the National Building Code 2005
have been satisfied for air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned spaces.
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers
to both a structure and the application of processes that ate environmentally
responsible and resource efficient throughout a building.
From planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance and renovation
these are required close cooperation of the contractor.
Water efficiency :
Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in
sustainable building.
One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas, the demands on the
supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself.

12. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their dependence on
water that is collected, used, purified, and reused on site.
The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be
accomplished by designing for dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing
or by using water for washing of the cars.
Waste water may be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as
ultra-low flush toilets and low flow shower heads.
Bidets help eliminate the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic and increasing
possibilities of re using water on site.
Point of use water treatment and heating improves both water quality and energy
efficiency while reducing the amount of water in circulation.
The use of non-sewage and grey water for on-site use such as site irrigation will
minimize demands on the local aquifer.
Treatment for waste of water
Residential buildings are made up of many systems that rely on water.
With today’s desire to design green system, the engineers goal has become not
only to provide a functional design, but also to keep usage and energy savings in
mind.
There are 10 ways to save water in residential buildings
1. low flow plumbing fixtures
2. grey water
3. rainwater harvesting
4. Pressure reduction

13. 5. insulate piping
6. leak proofing
7. rain sensor on irrigation
8. cooling tower water recovery
9. steam boiler blow down
10. educate users
The main way we can used in all residential building is:
1. low flow plumbing fixtures
2. rainwater harvesting
3. pressure reduction
4. leak proofing
1.low flow plumbing fixtures:
Manu breakthroughs have been made in building water systems.
These results have led to the replacement of large water consuming fixtures with
low flow water like aerators, flow shower heads, and high efficiency toilet and
urinal flush valves are available with an initial capital investment they often pay
back the investment in less than a year, especially when they are used often.
2_ rainwater harvesting:

14. Commercial rainwater harvesting systems can be a viable option for owners and
designers where a building with a large roof area also requires a high demand for
no potable water.
again, this is based on the guidelines capturing and storing rainwater is an easy
and effective way to conserve water through a commercially viable payback
period obviously.
3_ pressure reduction:
In many high rise and residential building settings domestic water booster pumps
ate necessary to overcome the loss of pressure due to increase in elevation and to
maintain water supply tanks.
With these higher pressures water flows through the system with resulting
greater flow through terminal fixtures beyond rated flow capacities and this
additional water is wasted as it serves no additional water is wasted as it serves
no additional benefit ti the rated performance.
4_ leak proofing:
Leaking pipes can go unnoticed, sometimes for years.
Water distribution piping is inevitably installed in every nook and cranny
crawlspace, and chases throughout all types of buildings.
Pipes are concealed out of sight, and more times than not, leaks ate not found
until water damage is evident in chase walls and ceilings.
Rates of water loss vary significantly depending on the type and severity of the
leak.
Dripping water taps and leakage from toilet cisterns can lose gallons of water per
day.

15. Proper preventive maintenance, proactive approaches, and quick fixes are
necessary for water conservation.
There two problems that we have considered:
Building considered is Royal homes 3 which is located in Kalawad Road ,Avadh
Road ,Rajkot city.
The total area of building is 450m2
average of rainfall in Rajkot is 56.16mm per
month.
Month Average of
rainfall in
mm
Calculation
January 1
February 0
March 3
April 1
May 3
June 101
July 260
August 183
September 95
October 15
November 10
December 2
Runoff flow=
Area*rainfall*coefficient of building
Q=A*R*C
Q=450*0.05616*0.7 = 17.6904m/month
17.6904*1000 Liter = 17690.4 L/month
2*3* 2 = 12m3
24m3
required for store of water
Average is 56.16mm per month

16. This residential building having 30 flats and about 40 persons are living in this
building the average use of water per person is 100-150 liter per month.
units One person
liter per
day
125 liter per person per day
Consider the average 0f 40 person
100*40= 4000 liter per day
And in one month it become 120000 liter
120000 liter -17690.4=102309.6 liter is required
By circulation of toilet flushing which take 30%
70*40=2800per day * 30 = 84000 liter /month
=66309.6 liter / month
Is required for used by circulation of water
drink 5
Washing
clothes
5
toilet 10
bathing 30
Washing
house
20
Other
uses
10
12000 100
66309.6 x
X= 66309.6*100/120000=55.258%
100-55.258=44.742%
By using natural we can solve it about 44.472% of our used of water

17. Solar Energy
Solar energy transformation is the energy that comes from the sun. It has been
used for thousands of years in many different ways by people all over the world.
As well as its traditional human uses in heating, cooking, and drying, it is used
today to make electricity where other power supplies are absent, such as in
remote places and in space. It is becoming cheaper to make electricity from solar
energy and in many situations it is now competitive energy from coal or oil. A
solar cooker can be used for cooking food.
Energy use:
Solar energy is used today in a number of ways:
As heat for making hot water, heating buildings, and cooking
To generate electricity with solar cells or heat engines
To take the salt away from sea water.
To use sun rays for drying clothes and towels.
It is used by plants for the process of photosynthesis.

18. To use cooking (solar cookers).
Energy from the Sun:
After passing through the Earth's atmosphere, most of the Sun's energy is in the
form of visible light and infrared light radiation. Plants convert the energy in
sunlight into chemical energy (sugars and starches) through the process
of photosynthesis. Humans regularly use this store of energy in various ways, as
when they burn wood or fossil fuels, or when simply eating plants, fish and
animals.
Solar radiation reaches the Earth's upper atmosphere with the power of 1366
watts per square meter (W/m2). Since the Earth is round, the surface nearer its
poles is angled away from the Sun and receives much less solar energy than the
surface nearer the equator.
At present, solar cell panels convert, at best, about 15% of the sunlight hitting
them into electricity. The dark disks in the third diagram on the right are
imaginary examples of the amount of land that, if covered with 8% efficient solar
panels, would produce slightly more energy in the form of electricity than the
world needed in 2003
Types of technologies:
Many technologies have been developed to make use of solar radiation. Some of
these technologies make direct use of the solar energy (e.g. to provide light, heat,
etc.), while others produce electricity.
Solar power plants
Solar power plants convert sunlight into electricity, either directly
using photovoltaics(PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).
Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to
focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics converts light into
electric current using the
Solar cells

19. Photo of 4 inch by 4 inch cell.
Converts light energy into electrical energy. Sometimes the term solar cell is
reserved for devices intended Solar cells can be used to generate electricity from
sunlight. It is a device that specifically to capture energy from sunlight, while the
term photovoltaic cell is used when the light source is unspecified.
Solar cells have many applications. They have long been used in situations where
electrical power from the grid is unavailable, such as in remote area power
systems, Earth-orbiting satellites and space probes, consumer systems, e.g.
handheld calculators or wrist watches, remote radiotelephones
and water pumping applications. A large no. of solar cells are combined in an
arrangement called solar cell panel that can deliver enough electricity for practical
use. Electricity produced by solar panels can be stored in rechargeable solar
batteries, which is then drawn upon when required.
Pros and Cons of Solar Energy
Advantages of Solar Energy Solar Energy Disadvantages
Renewable Energy Source Cost
Reduces Electricity Bills Weather Dependent
Diverse Applications Solar Energy Storage is Expensive

20. Low Maintenance Costs Uses a Lot of Space
Technology Development Associated with Pollution
Advantages of Solar Energy:
1. Renewable Energy Source
. Among all the benefits of solar panels, the most important thing is that solar
energy is a truly renewable energy source it can be harnessed in all areas of the
world and is available every day. We cannot run out of solar energy, unlike some
of the other sources of energy. Solar energy will be accessible as long as we have
the sun, therefore sunlight will be available to us for at least 5 billion years when
according to scientists the sun is going to die.
2. Reduces Electricity Bills
Since you will be meeting some of your energy needs with the electricity
your solar system has generated, your energy bills will drop. How much you save
on your bill will be dependent on the size of the solar system and your electricity
or heat usage. Moreover, not only will you be saving on the electricity bill, there is
also a possibility to receive payments for the surplus energy that you export back
to the grid. if you generate more electricity than you use (considering that your
solar panel system is connected to the grid).
3. Diverse Applications:
Solar energy can be used for diverse purposes. You can generate electricity
(photovoltaic) or heat (solar thermal). Solar energy can be used to produce
electricity in areas without access to the energy grid, to distill water in regions
with limited clean water supplies and to power satellites in space. Solar energy
can also be integrated into the materials used for buildings. Not long ago Sharp
introduced transparent solar energy windows.

21. 4. Low Maintenance Costs
Solar energy systems generally don’t require a lot of maintenance. You only need
to keep them relatively clean, so cleaning them a couple of times per year will do
the job. If in doubt, you can always rely on specialized cleaning companies, which
offer this service from around £25-£35. Most reliable solar panel manufacturer’s
offer 20-25 years warranty. Also, as there are no moving parts, there is no wear
and tear. The inverter is usually the only part that needs to change after 5-
10 years because it is continuously working to convert solar energy into electricity
(solar PV) and heat (solar thermal). Apart from the inverter, the cables also need
maintenance to ensure your solar power system runs at maximum efficiency. So,
after covering the initial cost of the solar system, you can expect very little
spending on maintenance and repair work.

22. 5. Technology Development
Technology in the solar power industry is constantly advancing and improvements
will intensify in the future. Innovations in quantum physics and nanotechnology
can potentially increase the effectiveness of solar panels and double, or even
triple, the electrical input of the solar power systems.
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Disadvantages of Solar Energy
1. Cost
The initial cost of purchasing a solar system is fairly high. This includes paying for
solar panels, inverter, batteries, wiring, and for the installation. Nevertheless,
solar technologies are constantly developing, so it is safe to assume that prices
will go down in the future.
2. Weather Dependent
Although solar energy can still be collected during cloudy and rainy days, the
efficiency of the solar system drops. Solar panels are dependent on sunlight to
effectively gather solar energy. Therefore, a few cloudy, rainy days can have a
noticeable effect on the energy system. You should also take into account that
solar energy cannot be collected during the night. On the other hand, if you also
require your water heating solution to work at night or during
wintertime, thermodynamic panels are an alternative to consider.
3. Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive
Solar energy has to be used right away, or it can be stored in large batteries.
These batteries, used in off-the-grid solar systems, can be charged during the day
so that the energy is used at night. This is a good solution for using solar energy all
day long but it is also quite expensive. In most cases, it is smarter to just use solar
energy during the day and take energy from the grid during the night (you can
only do this if your system is connected to the grid). Luckily your energy demand
is usually higher during the day so you can meet most of it with solar energy.
4. Uses a Lot of Space

23. The more electricity you want to produce, the more solar panels you will need, as
you want to collect as much sunlight as possible. Solar panels require a lot of
space and some roofs are not big enough to fit the number of solar panels that
you would like to have. An alternative is to install some of the panels in your yard
but they need to have access to sunlight. If you don’t have the space for all the
panels that you wanted, you can opt for installing fewer to still satisfy some of
your energy needs.
5. Associated with Pollution
Although pollution related to solar energy systems is far less compared to other
sources of energy, solar energy can be associated with pollution. Transportation
and installation of solar systems have been associated with the emission of
greenhouse gases. There are also some toxic materials and hazardous products
used during the manufacturing process of solar photovoltaics, which can
indirectly affect the environment. Nevertheless, solar energy pollutes far less than
other alternative energy sources.
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The building that we want to provide by solar energy it is Royal homes 3 the
building which we considered to provide solar energy in this building , which
about 40 persons are living, the building has about 30 flat 4 stories building this
building require 2 no of lift and water pump for water ant about 20 lamp for
common places for providing solar energy we can install solar panel in roof which
this roof are in flat shape and has area of about 500m2
and it is enough to install
solar panel
We need to provide energy for following unit we discussed everything in tabular
form.

24. 1. power requirement per day per flat
2.Power is required for lighting
3. power is required for each air condition
4. power required commonly
5.total no of flat is 30 and out of flats we required power for lift and also for water
pumping from ground tank to top tank and we require power for lighting common
places like passage ,corridor and court yard and also we required energy for
cooking ,heating and somewhere else.
We need hourly 20 kwt energy one solar panel can provide about 0.5kwt p/hour
So we need 30 panel
How and where should install solar panel?
Area available=450m2
Each panel area 2.00 m2
Total no of panel required 30 piece.
unit Lamp fan TV washing
machine
AC refrigerator
Unit per
flat
7 2 1 1 2 1
Total no
of unit
210 60 30 30 60 30
Energy
consump
tion p/h
10kwt
Per day 240 kwt
Per
month
7200 kwt
Other use 260 kwt
Per year 86400 kwt

25. Total area available for total panel =30*2=60m2
1. Cost
The initial cost of purchasing a solar system is fairly high. This includes paying for
solar panels, inverter, batteries, wiring, and for the installation. Nevertheless,
solar technologies are constantly developing, so it is safe to assume that prices
will go down in the future.
For preparing solar energy for royal homes 3 we need 30 solar panel and each and
and every solar panel should install and place the proper location for this is roof
and we can install this solar panel on roofs
We need about 10 person 5 technical worker and 5 untechnical worker to install
the solar and this work may take about 3 days to install all solars
Each solar panel can produce about 1 kwt per hour and we have 30 solar panel so
can produce about 30 kwt energy per hour.
No Unit Cost per unit Total cost
1 Solar panel 10000 RS 300000 RS
2 Installation cost 100 RS 3000 RS
3 Maintenances
cost
100 RS 3000 RS
4 Battery cost 5000 RS 100000 RS