Greek architecture is characterized by the use of stone and marble in temples and public buildings. Temples followed orders like Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian and had a basic structure of a colonnade surrounding the naos. The Acropolis of Athens contained important temples like the Parthenon, Propylaea, Temple of Athena Nike, and Erechteum built in harmony using geometry and stone. Public buildings included theaters and assembly halls, while town planning incorporated elements like the agora, grid layouts, and division of cities.