The document discusses graphite production in Turkey and its position in Europe. It notes that Turkey has significant undiscovered graphite resources and production historically but currently imports most of its supply. Europe is highly dependent on imports, mainly from China, and has designated graphite as a critical material. Turkey's proximity, promising reserves, and lower costs position it to potentially supply graphite to Europe and reduce reliance on China.
Non - Ferrous Extraction of Metals Lecture NotesFellowBuddy.com
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massive type interlayer with gabbroic rocks in the Eastern Desert; Main occurrences of Ti-Fe oxide deposits in Egypt; Abu Ghalaga Ore Deposit; Abu Ghalaga ilmenite ore deposit categories ; Abu Ghalaga Mineral composition; Mining Techniques; Origins; Korabkanci titano-magnetite ore; black sand placer deposits type; Rosetta (or Rashid East); Northern Sinai Coast
Non - Ferrous Extraction of Metals Lecture NotesFellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
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massive type interlayer with gabbroic rocks in the Eastern Desert; Main occurrences of Ti-Fe oxide deposits in Egypt; Abu Ghalaga Ore Deposit; Abu Ghalaga ilmenite ore deposit categories ; Abu Ghalaga Mineral composition; Mining Techniques; Origins; Korabkanci titano-magnetite ore; black sand placer deposits type; Rosetta (or Rashid East); Northern Sinai Coast
A revolutionary new hydro-metallurgical technology has been developed by two companies; Doe Run Company, USA in partnership with M/s Engitec, Italy. A commercial plant for producing 60,000 tonnes per annum of lead metal at an estimated capital cost of 150 million US Dollar is envisaged setting up by Doe Run Company, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. The breakthrough technology not only envisages improvements in lead processing efficiencies but also is expected to drastically reduce air emissions, waste generations and water pollution and will have smaller carbon footprint.
MAP & ILLUSTRATION TELLING THE STORY OF MYANMAR MINERALS DEPOSITMYO AUNG Myanmar
Mineral Deposits of Myanmar
(1) Tin-Tungsten Deposits
Although more than 122 mineral occurrences have been recorded (Goossens, 1978), only about ten can be economically worked as large and medium sized mines. The larger tin-tungsten mines in Myanmar are: - Mawchi, Heinda, Heinze, Hermyingyi, Kanbauk, Yadanabon, Kyaukmetaung and Nanthila mines, whereas Mawchi, Hermyingyi, Yadanabon and Nanthila mines work on vein deposits and the other work on placer deposits.
(2) Lead-Zinc-Sliver Deposits
39 mineral occurrences are listed by Gossens in 1978. Out of these, only three are of economic important to be developed as mines. They are, in order of importance: Bawdwin, Yadanatheingi and Bawsaing mines.
Lead mineralization occurred as massive type, disseminated type and stock work and irregular stringers in the host rock of epidotized rhyodacite porphyry of acidic volcanic rock.
The strike length of the Vein No.1 is 172.ft long and it's average width is 4.4 ft wide. The ore reserve is 5,000 tons and average grade is 25% Pb.
(3) Copper Deposits
Out of 45 mineral occurrences of copper ore, only three are of some economic importance. These are: Monywa deposit (now producing by Ivanhoe Myanmar Holding Ltd. ), Shangalon deposit ( about 16 miles SW of Kawlin ), and Sabe-Taung deposit ( about 12 miles ESE of Kyaukse ).
(4) Nickel and Chromide Deposits
The Nickel deposits occur in close association with the Cretaceous-Eocene serpentinite bodies emplaced in northern Chin Hills ( Mwetaung ) and in northern Myanmar ( Innet-taung ). The chromide deposits are also associated with the serpentinized ultrabasic bodies. At least 13 chromide occurrences are known at Mwetaung and Tagaung Taung.
(5) Manganese
Maganese Boulder Floats
Maganese Ore ( 48% Mn )
Residual Manganese deposit originated in muscovite schist (Mergui Group of Silurian to Permian age) will carry out production in the very near future.The ore reserve is 2.3 million ton with the grade of 15-30% Mn for low-grade ore and 40-48% Mn for high grade ore.
Residual Manganese deposit originated in muscovite schist (Mergui Group of Silurian to Permian age) will carry out production in the very near future.The ore reserve is 2.3 million ton with the grade of 15-30% Mn for low-grade ore and 40-48% Mn for high grade ore.
(5 ) Antimony Deposits
Tin-bearing QV
Small scale Antinomy mining in slate host
Out of 30 mineral occurrences of stibnite listed by Goossens in 1978, only four have been developed as small mines. These are Thabyu, Lebyin, Natsan and Painchit mines.
Mining of antimony ore in the slate host of Taungnyo Group of Permocarboni ferous age is carried out at Kadaik Area of Mon State.
(6) Iron Deposits
Out of 48 iron oxide occurrences listed by Goossens in 1978,
A revolutionary new hydro-metallurgical technology has been developed by two companies; Doe Run Company, USA in partnership with M/s Engitec, Italy. A commercial plant for producing 60,000 tonnes per annum of lead metal at an estimated capital cost of 150 million US Dollar is envisaged setting up by Doe Run Company, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. The breakthrough technology not only envisages improvements in lead processing efficiencies but also is expected to drastically reduce air emissions, waste generations and water pollution and will have smaller carbon footprint.
MAP & ILLUSTRATION TELLING THE STORY OF MYANMAR MINERALS DEPOSITMYO AUNG Myanmar
Mineral Deposits of Myanmar
(1) Tin-Tungsten Deposits
Although more than 122 mineral occurrences have been recorded (Goossens, 1978), only about ten can be economically worked as large and medium sized mines. The larger tin-tungsten mines in Myanmar are: - Mawchi, Heinda, Heinze, Hermyingyi, Kanbauk, Yadanabon, Kyaukmetaung and Nanthila mines, whereas Mawchi, Hermyingyi, Yadanabon and Nanthila mines work on vein deposits and the other work on placer deposits.
(2) Lead-Zinc-Sliver Deposits
39 mineral occurrences are listed by Gossens in 1978. Out of these, only three are of economic important to be developed as mines. They are, in order of importance: Bawdwin, Yadanatheingi and Bawsaing mines.
Lead mineralization occurred as massive type, disseminated type and stock work and irregular stringers in the host rock of epidotized rhyodacite porphyry of acidic volcanic rock.
The strike length of the Vein No.1 is 172.ft long and it's average width is 4.4 ft wide. The ore reserve is 5,000 tons and average grade is 25% Pb.
(3) Copper Deposits
Out of 45 mineral occurrences of copper ore, only three are of some economic importance. These are: Monywa deposit (now producing by Ivanhoe Myanmar Holding Ltd. ), Shangalon deposit ( about 16 miles SW of Kawlin ), and Sabe-Taung deposit ( about 12 miles ESE of Kyaukse ).
(4) Nickel and Chromide Deposits
The Nickel deposits occur in close association with the Cretaceous-Eocene serpentinite bodies emplaced in northern Chin Hills ( Mwetaung ) and in northern Myanmar ( Innet-taung ). The chromide deposits are also associated with the serpentinized ultrabasic bodies. At least 13 chromide occurrences are known at Mwetaung and Tagaung Taung.
(5) Manganese
Maganese Boulder Floats
Maganese Ore ( 48% Mn )
Residual Manganese deposit originated in muscovite schist (Mergui Group of Silurian to Permian age) will carry out production in the very near future.The ore reserve is 2.3 million ton with the grade of 15-30% Mn for low-grade ore and 40-48% Mn for high grade ore.
Residual Manganese deposit originated in muscovite schist (Mergui Group of Silurian to Permian age) will carry out production in the very near future.The ore reserve is 2.3 million ton with the grade of 15-30% Mn for low-grade ore and 40-48% Mn for high grade ore.
(5 ) Antimony Deposits
Tin-bearing QV
Small scale Antinomy mining in slate host
Out of 30 mineral occurrences of stibnite listed by Goossens in 1978, only four have been developed as small mines. These are Thabyu, Lebyin, Natsan and Painchit mines.
Mining of antimony ore in the slate host of Taungnyo Group of Permocarboni ferous age is carried out at Kadaik Area of Mon State.
(6) Iron Deposits
Out of 48 iron oxide occurrences listed by Goossens in 1978,
Elon Musk’ın Türkiye Ziyareti ve Akla Getirdikleri - Lityumsaituysal
Elektrikli araçlar, lityum piller ve lityum konusunda hazırladığım makale.
My article about Electrical vehicles, Li-ion batteries, lithium and potentials in Turkey was published in Madencilik Turkiye magazines
Syrah presentation for graphite conference November 2013saituysal
Graphite and Graphene conference in New York, on 25-26th November 2013. This presentation explains comprehensive analysis of market and market capacity for Graphite.
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Farman Ayaz Khattak and Ehtesham Matloob are government officials in CTW Counter terrorism wing Islamabad, in Federal Investigation Agency FIA Headquarters. CTW and FIA kidnapped crypto currency owner from Islamabad and snatched 200 Bitcoins those worth of 4 billion rupees in Pakistan currency. There is not Cryptocurrency Regulations in Pakistan & CTW is official dacoit and stealing digital assets from the innocent crypto holders and making fake cases of terrorism to keep them silent.
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Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.AnnySerafinaLove
This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
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Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
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At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
1. Sait UYSAL, Spil Mining Ltd.
GRAPHITE IN TURKEY AND ITS POSITION IN
EUROPE
www.saituysal.com.tr
March 2012
2. Graphite At a Glance
The mineral graphite is one of the allotropes, and pure form of carbon.
Allotropes of carbon are;
- Graphite
- Diamond
- Coal
Graphite is;
- Excellent HEAT conductor
- Excellent ELECTRICITY conductor
- Heat resistant
- Corrosion resistant
www.saituysal.com.tr
March 2012
8. Graphite in Turkey
Majority of the graphite occurrences in Turkey is mainly “amorphous” type.
A graphite occurrence around Balikesir city (West part of Turkey) has bigger crystalline
structure. Most promising, most graphitized and high Carbon contented graphite
mineralization explored in Balikesir, Yozgat, Konya, Kastamonu and Adıyaman cities.
Occurrences in other places like Kutahya, Mugla, Bandirma is mostly semi graphite.
www.saituysal.com.tr
March 2012
9. Reserves in Turkey
Reserve
Average
Place/City Quantity
C%
(Tonnes)
Yozgat > 100 000 45
Kastamonu Unknown 60
Aydin 150 000 10
İzmir - Tire – Karamersin 150 000 8
İzmir - Tire – Çeşme 200 000 6
İzmir - Tire – Başköy 150 000 10
Istanbul 150 000 30
Mersin 500 000 35
Adiyaman Unknown 45
Mugla 510 000 40-70
Kutahya-Oysu 130 000 20
Source : MTA reports
(MTA = General Directorate of Minerals Research and
Exploration)
www.saituysal.com.tr
March 2012
11. Production in Turkey 1985-1999
Production Consumption
Year (tonnes) (tonnes)
1985 - 4.100,00
1986 3.586,00 4.000,00 Production (tonnes) -
1987 8.900,00 3.400,00 30.000,00
1988 12.911,00 13.000,00
25.000,00
1989 11.000,00 12.000,00
1990 18.712,00 18.712,00 20.000,00
1991 26.763,00 26.763,00 15.000,00 Production
1994 5.000,00 25.000* (tonnes) -
10.000,00
1995 5.000,00 25.000*
1996 5.000,00 25.000* 5.000,00
1997 5.000,00 25.000* 0,00
1990
1998
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1991
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998 5.000,00 25.000*
1999 5.000,00 25.000*
Source: Turkey State Planning Institute, 8th Quinquennially
Development Plan, 2001
* = Rounded roughly www.saituysal.com.tr
March 2012
12. Production in Turkey 2003-2009
Year
Production Production (tonnes)
(tonnes)
2003 0,00 3.500,00
3.000,00
2004 28,00
2.500,00
2005 0,00 2.000,00
2006 0,00 1.500,00 Production
(tonnes)
2007 1.000,00
0,00
500,00
2008 3.236,00 0,00
2009 2.400,00
Source: http://www.migem.gov.tr/links/istatistikler/2003_2009_URETIM_%20BILGILERI.mht
Migem = Turkish Republic Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources - General Directorate of Mining Affairs
www.saituysal.com.tr
March 2012
13. Producers in Turkey
- Bilginer Mining Ltd
- Mine in Mugla city
- Underground mine.
- After 1992 they were the only graphite producers in Turkey. Annual Production was
5,000 mt.
- Production stop after 2001
Karabacak Mining LTD (Now Oysu Graphite).
- Mine in Kutahya City
- Underground and Open Pit mine
- Installed a flotation plant in 1992
- In 1992 graphite market was collapsed and they stop production.
- Occasionally try to run the facility after 2007 www.saituysal.com.tr
March 2012
14. Turkey Import of Graphite
HS Code
Year Trade Flow Reporter Partner (Natural Trade Value NetWeight (tonnes)
Graphite
2000 Import Turkey World 2504 $2.467.855,00 6.087,66
2001 Import Turkey World 2504 $2.526.441,00 6.430,61
2002 Import Turkey World 2504 $2.635.532,00 7.010,38
2003 Import Turkey World 2504 $2.725.770,00 7.429,34
2004 Import Turkey World 2504 $3.903.755,00 10.212,25
2005 Import Turkey World 2504 $5.255.075,00 11.956,33
2006 Import Turkey World 2504 $4.498.559,00 9.687,78
2007 Import Turkey World 2504 $5.531.200,00 11.920,36
2008 Import Turkey World 2504 $9.109.963,00 13.230,36
2009 Import Turkey World 2504 $4.863.912,00 6.792,96
2010 Import Turkey World 2504 $8.360.945,00 11.191,00
Source : United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database
(http://comtrade.un.org/db/dqBasicQueryResults.aspx?cc=2504&px=HS&r=792&y=2000.2001.2002.2003.2004.2005.2006
.2007.2008.2009.2010&p=0&rg=1&so=9999)
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute www.saituysal.com.tr
(http://www.tuik.gov.tr/disticaretapp/disticaret_ing.zul?param1=25¶m2=0&sitcrev=0&isicrev=0&sayac=5902)
March 2012
15. Turkey Export of Graphite
HS Code
Year Trade Flow Reporter Partner (Natural Trade Value NetWeight (tonnes)
Graphite
2000 Export Turkey World 2504 $9.171,00 20,87
2001 Export Turkey World 2504 $3.547,00 44,71
2002 Export Turkey World 2504 $3.018,00 41,03
2003 Export Turkey World 2504 $5.514,00 40,92
2004 Export Turkey World 2504 $6.885,00 6,12
2005 Export Turkey World 2504 $45.633,00 73,82
2006 Export Turkey World 2504 $107.541,00 292,25
2007 Export Turkey World 2504 $180.928,00 471,68
2008 Export Turkey World 2504 $198.479,00 390,30
2009 Export Turkey World 2504 $188.218,00 256,94
2010 Export Turkey World 2504 $182.214,00 220,43
Source : United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database
(http://comtrade.un.org/db/dqBasicQueryResults.aspx?cc=2504&px=HS&r=792&y=2000.2001.2002.2003.2004.2005.2006.200
7.2008.2009.2010&p=0&rg=1&so=9999)
Source : Turkish Statistical Institute
www.saituysal.com.tr
(http://www.tuik.gov.tr/disticaretapp/disticaret_ing.zul?param1=25¶m2=0&sitcrev=0&isicrev=0&sayac=5902)
March 2012
16. EUROPE
- EU is up to 95% dependent on imports, mainly from China
- recycling is very limited
- EU determined graphite as one of the critical raw material
Main Production Main EU Import Import Dependence
Countries Sources (2006)
2007:
2008:
China 75%
China 72%
Graphite Brazil 8% 95%
India 13%
Madagascar 3%
Brazil 7%
Canada 3%
Source : European Union Report of the Ad-hoc Working Group on defining critical raw
materials
www.saituysal.com.tr
March 2012
20. Europe Export of Natural Graphite
NetWeight
Period Trade Flow Reporter Partner Trade Value
(tonnes)
2007 Export EU-27 World $11,355,239 5,104.84
2008 Export EU-27 World $11,088,802 4,414.25
2009 Export EU-27 World $8,112,888 4,732.48
2010 Export EU-27 World $9,515,029 4,440.32
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March 2012
21. Europe Import of Natural Graphite
NetWeight
Period Trade Flow Reporter Partner Trade Value
(tonnes)
2007 Import EU-27 World $70,385,114 122,663.50
2008 Import EU-27 World $102,595,611 158,653.82
2009 Import EU-27 World $47,715,833 55,339.15
2010 Import EU-27 World $87,186,397 103,187.26
www.saituysal.com.tr
March 2012
22. NetWeight
Period Trade Flow Reporter Partner Code Trade Value
(tonnes)
2007 Import Germany World 2504 $25,577,000 54,629.43
2008 Import Germany World 2504 $40,142,000 62,186.71
2009 Import Germany World 2504 $26,364,000 33,303.13
2010 Import Germany World 2504 $47,369,064 56,332.80
www.saituysal.com.tr
March 2012
23. Conclusions
Turkey has undiscovered, undeveloped graphite potential
Some of the graphite potential areas is promising
New applications also create new graphite demand (extra 500,000 mt by 2020)
Europe depend on Import for graphite, very limited graphite potential in Europe, and graphite
along with REE and PGM was declared as critical raw material for EU.
China is the main supplier of Europe (75%) and China has now implemented a 20% export
duty on graphite, along with a 17% VAT and an export licensing system, and this creates
supply risks. Europe has to develop new alternative suppliers
Because of its position and closeness to Europe, low operating costs, and promising
potentials of undeveloped graphite reserves, Turkey could be an alternative supplier for
Europe
www.saituysal.com.tr
March 2012
24. Thank You!
Sait UYSAL
Manisa/TURKEY
www.saituysal.com.tr
www.saituysal.com.tr
March 2012