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Dilatometer.pptx
- 1. The Basics ofDilatometer Theory and Data Analysis 1
- 2. Contents 1 • What isdilatometry 2 • Thermal Expansion • Experimental Setup 3 • Dilatometry Samples 4 • Applications 5 • Methodology 6 • Data Analysis 2
- 3. 3 Thermal Expansion &Thermal Expansion Coefficient
- 4. Thermal Expansion -Background Thermal Expansion Background Most materials undergo dimensional changes during heating or cooling. Generally, the dimensions of a solid or liquid increase during heating and decrease during cooling. There are only few exceptions. Sintering, Shrinkage • During phase transitions or during a sintering process, substances can show a shrinkage. • During a sintering process, such shrinkages steps are irreversible and lead to a permanent increase in density and robustness. 4
- 5. Thermal Expansion -Background 5
- 6. What is Dilatometry? Dilatometry(DIL) is a technique in which a dimensional change of a substance under negligible load is measured (e.g. expansion measurement or shrinkage measurement) as a function of temperature while the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature program in a specified atmosphere. 7
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- 8. 9 Dilatometer Overview: -263℃up to 2800℃
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- 13. Dilatometry Samples Metals &Alloys Ceramics Polymers Green Bodies & Clay Thin Films Glasses Solids , Powders, Liquids 14
- 14. Dilatometry Technical Specification Sample length: 20 mm maximum Maximum sample diameter: 7 mm Maximum change of length: 4 mm Length resolution: 10 nm 15 Sample holder: Fused silica Atmosphere: air, vacuum, Liquid nitrogen Temperature range: 100 – 1000°C Maximum heating rate: 100°C/min
- 15. Applications Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficientof Thermal Expansion Phase Transition Temperatures Sintering Temperatures Glass Transition Temperatures Dilatometry Softening points Volume expansion Density Change Sintering Kinetics 16
- 16. Interpretation of DilatometerGraph THERMAL EXPANSION DL/LO TEMPERATURE C Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion dl/dT T1 T2 Axis Labels Baseline Expansion and Shrinkage Slope Inflection Points Plateaus Peaks and Troughs Transition Temperatures Comparisons Data Analysis 18
- 17. 20 Thermal Expansion Coefficientof LaCrO3
- 18. Determination of theGlass Transition 21
- 19. Glass Transition ofPolymer Comparison TMA and DSC 22
- 20. 23 Glass — ThermalExpansion, Glass Transition, Softening Presented in the figure are three tests on the same type of glass but from different batches. It can clearly be seen that the coefficients of thermal expansion are in good agreement within the instrument’s uncertainty boundaries. The Glass Transition Temperature temperature and the softening point of sample #3 (blue curve) show slightly lower values, indicating a slightly different composition.
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- 23. Thin Film- EpoxyFilm on Glass Substrate 26
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- 25. 28 Iron – PhaseTransition The sample was measured at a heating rate of 5 K/min in a helium atmosphere. At 906°C (peak temperature in the physical alpha) a shrinkage step was detected. This is due to a change in the lattice structure (bcc -> fcc). Another change in the lattice structure (fcc -> bcc) was detected at 1409°C. The deviation between the measured and literature transition temperatures is due to a small impurity content.
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- 28. 31 Density Change –Powders & Melts
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- 30. 33 Optimization of CastingProcess
- 31. 34 Density Thermal behavior ofan aluminum-based alloy, heating rate: 5 K/min, He atmosphere, alumina sample holder, alumina container. Displayed are the Volumetric Expansion (black solid line), the curve of the calculated density change (red solid line) as well as the c-DTA® curve (blue dashed line).
- 32. Conclusion • What isdilatometry and what is it used to measure • Basic setup of a dilatometer • Analysis of data from the instrument 35
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