This document discusses graphics, design, color, copyright, and digital concepts for educational purposes. It provides information on visual learning, types of graphics like photos and diagrams, criteria for good graphics, raster and vector images, scaling graphics, elements of design, color models and printing basics, fair use and copyright guidelines, finding open resources, and common file formats. Examples and sources for finding infographics are also included. The document aims to teach best practices for using visual elements in an educational context.

1. Graphics Design Color Copyright Digital
Advanced Graphics Series, Teaching & Learning Center
Illinois Central College

3. We Learn Visually
“…we recall approximately 10% of that information
3 days later. By simply adding a visual image, we
can increase that retention rate to 65%.” http
://ocio.osu.edu/elearning/toolbox/brief/visual-information/7-things-you-sho
/

4. Graphics Visual Ideas
• Photos
• Graphics
• Animations
• Infographics
• Diagrams
• Charts
• Audio
• Video

5. Graphics Types of Graphics
 Clip Art  Infographics
 Symbols/icons  Diagrams
 Screen capture  Graphs
 Illustration  Maps
 Photos  timelines

6. The supply-demand model is one of the fundamental
concepts of economics.
The price level of a good essentially is determined by
the point at which quantity supplied equals quantity
demand. This point is called equilibrium.
If the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity
demanded, then there is a surplus of goods. If the
quantity supplied is less than the quantity demanded,
the there is a shortage of goods.

8. Graphics
Criteria of a Good Graphic
Quality
Can you read the text? Can you identify
what it is?
Purpose
Why?
Function
–Decorative – careful may just become a
distraction to your message
–Representational –
–Mnemonic –
–Organizational
–Relational
–Transformational
–Interpretive

9. Graphics Raster Images
• Image made of pixels
• Image size (bits) = pixel dimension X bit depth
• Dependent on resolution (quality)
• The more you scale the image the blurrier it
becomes

10. Graphics
Vector Images
• Image made of mathematic algorithm
• Points or nodes are plotted at exact
points
• Can be scaled to any size
• Requires special software to
edit and view

11. Graphics
Raster vs. Vector Images

12. Graphics Scaling Graphics
• Vector graphics can be used at any size and will be
of great qaulity.
– Vector images can be scaled in specific software
and output to a raster format
• Rastor graphics do not scale well, they become
blurry
• Scale proportionally
• Copy or save the image as close to the size you
intend to use it
• Consider your final use of the image, print, display
on a web page or Blackboard, projection for a
presentation

13. Design
Elements of Design
• Alignment
• Repetition
• Unity
• Contrast
• Proximity
• Balance
• Space
• Hierarchy

14. Color
Dithering
• Some digital formats can only
contain 256 colors maximum. (GIF)
• Process of reducing image to 256 or
fewer colors

15. Color Color Combos to Avoid
• Red & Green – Any version of it
• Light colored graphics with light
color text
– Any color combos that cause the text
on it to not be legible
– Why use it, if it’s not legible?

16. Color • CMYK (PRINT)
– images printed as series of dots
– dots are Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and blacK
– dpi – dots per inch is the resolution
• RGB (COMPUTER)
– red, green, blue
– color scheme digital displays use

17. Color
Printer Basics
• Images are printed as a series of
dots. Your brain interprets the dots
as continuous tones.
• The dots are solid colors (Cyan,
magenta, yellow, black ).
• The resulting color on the page is a
function of dot concentration and
the ratio between the different
colored dots.
• The conversion of your image into
the series of dots is halftoning.

18. Example of Halftones
Enlargement illustrates what halftone would look like if this
image was printed on the color laser writer or plotter.

19. Copyright FAIR USE
• principle based on belief that public is entitled
use portions of copyrighted materials for
commentary, criticism and parody
– Tricky – lots of “gray” when it comes to what is fair use
and what is an infringement
• also allows special guidelines for use of
copyrighted material for educational purposes
The 4 factors considered are:
The 4 factors considered are:
1.
1. the purpose and character of your use
the purpose and character of your use
2.
2. the nature of the copyrighted work
the nature of the copyrighted work
3.
3. the amount and substantiality of the portion taken
the amount and substantiality of the portion taken
4.
4. **the effect of the use upon the potential market.
**the effect of the use upon the potential market.

20. Copyright Tips for Using Work Found Online
• Consider the 4 factors of fair use.
• Always drill down to the source of an image and investigate
to find who actually created or owns the image.
• Find out if the author of a work (e.g., text, video, audio,
graphic, etc.) provides information on how to use his or her
work. If the author provides explicit guidelines, follow
them. Look for a “license, terms of use, permissions” link.
• If the work has a watermark or logo on it, don’t use it
without permission.
• If the source of the image is a site or individual offering the
image for sale? You don’t have the right to use it without
purchasing it.
• Always credit the source of your information. If nothing
else list the url or organization.
• ask the copyright holder for permission. Keep a copy of
your request for permission and the permission received.
• no copyright holder - do not assume that the material is in
the public domain. Assume that the copyright holder is the
author, whether it be an individual or an organization.

21. Copyright Public Domain
• Works no longer protected by intellectual
property laws.
– Old stuff
– Some works by U.S. Government
• Always identify the source of the image, some
websites will label an as public domain when it is
not.
• http://pixabay.com/ - not technically the public
domain, but what they are calling it, more along
the lines of creative commons – love this site –
great images – give credit to these photographers
– Photographers are willing to submit their own images
and let anyone use them for anything. You are not
required like attribution with creative commons to give
credit, but do give attribution, please!

22. Copyright Creative Commons
• A structured system for creators to share their
works for free but still have some protections.
• http://search.creativecommons.org/

23. Copyright Open Educational Resources
learning materials that are freely
available to use, remix,
and redistribute.
Lots of ways to find OER resources
Many online repositories for education
•http://www.oercommons.org/
•http://www.teachersdomain.org/
•http://wiki.creativecommons.org/OER
•Educause PDF Series 7 Things You Should Know:
http://
net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELi7061.pdf

24. Digital
File Formats
• Raw images
• .bmp – bitmaps
• .svg – vector graphics

25. Digital
Infographics
• Data visualizations that present complex
information quickly and clearly.
• Great way to present data during a presentation
• Examples:
– http://www.mint.com/blog/
trends/hamburger-10122010/
– http://visual.ly/can-social-media-predict-election-outcomes
– http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2010/06/google-voice-for

26. Digital 8 SOURCES FOR FINDING
INFOGRAPHICS
1. http://visual.ly/
2. http://infographixdirectory.com/
3. http://www.mashable.com/follow/topi
cs/mashable-infographics/
4. http://www.infographicsarchive.com/
5. http://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/insi
ghts/library/infographics/
6. http://pewinternet.org/Data-
Tools/Get-the-Latest-
Statistics/Infographics.aspx
7. http://www.educause.edu/library/info
graphics
8. http://davidwarlick.com/graphicaday/

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