As the first book to describe the main varieties of vines present in Québec, this guide is structured with practical and richly illustrated description sheets.
In addition, the reader is provided with a framework of morphological observation and description, which allows the identification of major grape varieties that are cultivated in Québec throughout the growing season.
This guide will also assist the beginner, as well as the experienced winemaker, in making a choice of varieties depending on cultivation and organoleptic criteria.
Finally, whether it is to know the origin and the susceptibility to diseases and pests of some varieties, or to stimulate further thoughts on the grape growing practices adapted to the different grape varieties, this book can provide answers to commercial winegrowers, consultants, nursery workers, as well as amateur winegrowers.
This document provides information about grape breeding and genetics. It discusses the origin and domestication of grapes, moving from wild species to cultivated varieties. Various breeding methods are described, including introduction, hybridization, clonal selection, and mutation breeding. Objectives of grape breeding programs include developing varieties with traits like increased yield, quality, biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Challenges in grape breeding like long generation time and sterility issues are also noted. Promising varieties developed through introduction and selection in different countries are highlighted.
Fig physiological disorders A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan To FFS TraineeMr.Allah Dad Khan
The document discusses three physiological disorders in figs:
1) Extended storage in controlled atmosphere (CA) can result in figs developing off-flavors due to fermentative metabolism if exposed to less than 2% oxygen and more than 25% carbon dioxide.
2) Figs produce four types of flowers, but the common fig grown in Texas produces mule flowers which do not require pollination and do not produce seeds, making the fruit more prone to dropping under adverse conditions.
3) Fig trees can be injured by early or late frosts killing younger twigs, providing an entry point for fungal infections, so all dead wood should be pruned.
This document summarizes nutrient deficiencies and toxicities in various fruit crops. It describes the causes of deficiencies in crops like aonla, citrus, grapes, and avocado and the associated symptoms such as necrosis, splitting, chlorosis and burn. It outlines strategies for diagnosing deficiencies through soil and plant tissue analysis and provides guidance on optimal plant parts and stages for sampling. Treatment recommendations include fertilizer and foliar sprays tailored to the specific deficient nutrient.
Citrus fruits originated in the tropical and sub tropical regions of South East Asia, particularly India and China. North East India is the native place of juice many citrus species.
This document is an assignment submitted by Manohar Lal Meghwal to Dr. K. Ajith Kumar on the influence of climate on fruit crops. It discusses how various climate factors such as solar radiation, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind impact fruit crop growth and development. Solar radiation affects photosynthesis and flowering. Temperature influences growth, flowering, and can cause heat stress issues. High humidity promotes growth but also disease. Precipitation provides water for growth but drought can stress plants. Wind impacts transpiration, photosynthesis, hormone balance, and can cause crop damage.
swingle, tanaka, hodgson, and ranjit singh classification of citrus and also description of acid group, orange group, pummelo and grapefruit group and mandarin group, acidlime, sweet orange, mandarins, lime and lemon.
This document summarizes research on dwarfing fruit plants through the use of dwarfing rootstocks and other techniques. It discusses the principles and physiology of dwarfism, and various methods to achieve dwarfism including dwarfing rootstocks, bioregulators, incompatible scions, viral infection, pruning and training, and genetic engineering. It also presents findings from research studies on the effects of different rootstocks on tree growth and yield of various fruit crops such as apple, mango, and citrus. The document provides detailed information on dwarfing mechanisms and strategies to produce compact dwarf trees with desirable horticultural characteristics.
This document provides information about grape breeding and genetics. It discusses the origin and domestication of grapes, moving from wild species to cultivated varieties. Various breeding methods are described, including introduction, hybridization, clonal selection, and mutation breeding. Objectives of grape breeding programs include developing varieties with traits like increased yield, quality, biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Challenges in grape breeding like long generation time and sterility issues are also noted. Promising varieties developed through introduction and selection in different countries are highlighted.
Fig physiological disorders A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan To FFS TraineeMr.Allah Dad Khan
The document discusses three physiological disorders in figs:
1) Extended storage in controlled atmosphere (CA) can result in figs developing off-flavors due to fermentative metabolism if exposed to less than 2% oxygen and more than 25% carbon dioxide.
2) Figs produce four types of flowers, but the common fig grown in Texas produces mule flowers which do not require pollination and do not produce seeds, making the fruit more prone to dropping under adverse conditions.
3) Fig trees can be injured by early or late frosts killing younger twigs, providing an entry point for fungal infections, so all dead wood should be pruned.
This document summarizes nutrient deficiencies and toxicities in various fruit crops. It describes the causes of deficiencies in crops like aonla, citrus, grapes, and avocado and the associated symptoms such as necrosis, splitting, chlorosis and burn. It outlines strategies for diagnosing deficiencies through soil and plant tissue analysis and provides guidance on optimal plant parts and stages for sampling. Treatment recommendations include fertilizer and foliar sprays tailored to the specific deficient nutrient.
Citrus fruits originated in the tropical and sub tropical regions of South East Asia, particularly India and China. North East India is the native place of juice many citrus species.
This document is an assignment submitted by Manohar Lal Meghwal to Dr. K. Ajith Kumar on the influence of climate on fruit crops. It discusses how various climate factors such as solar radiation, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind impact fruit crop growth and development. Solar radiation affects photosynthesis and flowering. Temperature influences growth, flowering, and can cause heat stress issues. High humidity promotes growth but also disease. Precipitation provides water for growth but drought can stress plants. Wind impacts transpiration, photosynthesis, hormone balance, and can cause crop damage.
swingle, tanaka, hodgson, and ranjit singh classification of citrus and also description of acid group, orange group, pummelo and grapefruit group and mandarin group, acidlime, sweet orange, mandarins, lime and lemon.
This document summarizes research on dwarfing fruit plants through the use of dwarfing rootstocks and other techniques. It discusses the principles and physiology of dwarfism, and various methods to achieve dwarfism including dwarfing rootstocks, bioregulators, incompatible scions, viral infection, pruning and training, and genetic engineering. It also presents findings from research studies on the effects of different rootstocks on tree growth and yield of various fruit crops such as apple, mango, and citrus. The document provides detailed information on dwarfing mechanisms and strategies to produce compact dwarf trees with desirable horticultural characteristics.
1. The document discusses biotechnological interventions for crop improvement in fruit crops. It describes various conventional and biotechnological methods for fruit crop breeding including molecular markers, genetic engineering, and marker-assisted selection.
2. Molecular markers like SSRs, SNPs, and RAPDs can be used for genetic mapping, marker-assisted selection, and gene cloning in fruit crops. The document provides examples of using SSR markers for mapping genes controlling fruit traits in papaya and strawberry.
3. Marker-assisted selection allows shortening the breeding cycle by selecting genotypes with desired traits based on their marker profile, without needing to wait for phenotypic evaluation.
India is the second largest producer of fruits globally and fruit breeding research began in India in 1905 with the establishment of agricultural colleges. Several initiatives in the early 20th century helped boost fruit research. Fruit breeding is challenging due to long lifecycles, juvenile periods, heterozygosity, and other genetic factors of fruit crops. The objectives of fruit breeding are to develop varieties with high quality production, biotic/abiotic stress tolerance, and marketability. Fruit breeding plays an important role in developing improved varieties and meeting the needs of a growing population.
Climate change effect on abiotic stress in fruit crops Parshant Bakshi
A change of climate, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
Global climate change and increasing climatic variability are recently considered a huge concern worldwide due to enormous emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and its more apparent effect on fruit crops because of its perennial nature. The changed climatic parameters affect the crop physiology, biochemistry, floral biology, biotic stresses like disease-pest incidence, etc., and ultimately resulted to the reduction of yield and quality of fruit crops. So, it is big challenge to the scientists of the world.
identification of physiological disoreder in plants by Ghulam murtaza UOSmurtaza8513
This document discusses physiological disorders in plants caused by environmental and cultural factors. It identifies the main causes as nutrient deficiencies or excesses, temperature extremes, light levels, watering issues, and high carbon dioxide concentrations. Specific disorders addressed include blossom end rot, bitter pit, manganese toxicity, chlorosis, sunscald, oedema, and leaf pleating. The recommendations are to apply proper fertilizer doses, water appropriately, provide suitable light conditions, and avoid continuous light exposure.
Physiological disorders of subtropical and temperature fruit cropsannamalai university
A. This document discusses various physiological disorders that can occur in subtropical and temperate fruit crops like apples, mangoes, and grapes.
B. Physiological disorders are caused by abnormal environmental conditions, improper nutrition, or genetic factors rather than pathogens. They can affect plant growth, fruit quality, and shelf life.
C. Common physiological disorders discussed include nutritional deficiencies, temperature-related issues like chilling or heat injury, and respiratory disorders. The document outlines symptoms, causes, and management strategies for specific disorders in different fruits.
Stem, leaf, leaf buds, and roots can be used to propagate new plants from existing ones through vegetative propagation. Cutting propagation involves taking cuttings from certain plant varieties and rooting them to form new plants. The type of cutting taken, such as hardwood, semi-hardwood, softwood, or herbaceous depends on the plant. Rooting success is influenced by internal factors like the plant's nutrition, age, and growth rate as well as external environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and the rooting medium. The rooting process involves dedifferentiation of cells, formation of root initials, and development of root primordia and vascular connections between the cutting and the new roots.
CROP IMROVEMENT AND RECENT ADVANCES IN SAPOTApraveen choyal
This document summarizes a presentation on crop improvement and recent advances in sapota. It begins with an introduction to sapota, providing its common name, botanical name, family, chromosome number, origin, and edible part. It then discusses the basic information, important uses, constituents, nutritive value, present scenario, breeding objectives, center of diversity, botany, floral biology, morphology of flowers, selected varieties, hybrid varieties, distribution of cultivars in India, important varieties, future thrust, and concludes with thanks. The key points covered include sapota's origin in Mexico and Central America, commercial cultivation beginning in India in 1898, inarching being the main propagation method, and India being a major global
The document summarizes the current status and future prospects of breeding grapes for subtropical regions in India. It provides information on the world and India's grape production statistics. It discusses three main grape growing regions in India and highlights the prospects and challenges of growing grapes in subtropical areas. The objectives of grape breeding include developing early ripening varieties with high yields, quality fruits, and resistance to diseases. Materials and methods used in breeding like hybridization, introduction of varieties from other countries, and clonal selection are outlined. Some key results of past and current breeding programs are early maturing varieties developed that are suitable for subtropical growing conditions.
This document summarizes physiological disorders that affect warm season vegetables like tomatoes, brinjal, chili, sweet pepper, beans, and tapioca. It describes the symptoms, causes, and management strategies for common disorders like blossom end rot, cracking, sun scald, blotchy ripening, cat face, puffiness, gold flake, poor fruit set, chilling injury, transverse cotyledon cracking, and vascular streaking. Balanced irrigation, staking, calcium and potassium sprays, and growing resistant varieties are recommended to manage many of these disorders.
The document discusses plant responses and adaptations to flooding and waterlogging. It describes the main problems plants face with too much water like low oxygen levels. It outlines strategies plants use to tolerate flooding, including root adaptations like aerenchyma tissue to transport oxygen and shoot adaptations like elongation to grow above water. Hormones like ethylene play an important regulatory role in triggering responses to help plants survive flooding and waterlogging.
Alternate bearing refers to the tendency of some plants to produce heavy yields of fruit in one year followed by a light yield the next year in a cyclical pattern. This causes significant economic problems for growers by creating inconsistent supply and lower quality crops in heavy yield years. Several theories exist for the cause of alternate bearing, including hormonal imbalance and competition between vegetative and reproductive growth, and it can be influenced by both endogenous genetic and environmental factors. Common measures used by growers to overcome biennial bearing include proper orchard management, regulating flowering, thinning crops, pruning, and growing cultivars less prone to the issue.
This document provides an overview of the flower Anthurium. It discusses the plant's characteristics, classification, structure, cultivation requirements including climate, soil, propagation methods, and common pests and diseases. Anthurium is native to South America and is commonly grown as a cut flower, potted plant, or for floral arrangements. It requires warm temperatures between 20-28°C and high humidity levels to thrive.
Physiological, anatomical and biochemical aspects of rootAsish Benny
Cuttings are a common method of vegetative propagation where a detached part of a plant is placed in a rooting medium to form adventitious roots and shoots. Adventitious root formation is a complex process involving biochemical, physiological and anatomical changes. Key factors that influence rooting include the physiological condition and maturity of the mother plant, presence of leaves and buds, type of wood, season, and treatment of cuttings with growth regulators, minerals, and wounding. Proper treatment of cuttings can optimize root initiation and development.
Physiology of flowering in temperate fruit cropsMANDEEP KAUR
The document discusses the physiology of flowering in temperate fruit crops. It covers several topics:
1. The process of flowering involves three stages - differentiation, development, and opening of flower buds.
2. Flowering is triggered by various environmental and genetic factors like photoperiodism, temperature, hormones. Increased temperatures have inhibited growth and development in temperate fruits.
3. Low temperatures can damage flowers and young fruit through frost. The ovules and styles are more susceptible than pollen. Frost damage depends on developmental stage and temperature.
Climate change is causing shifts in the peak flowering dates of citrus crops in different regions of Iran. A study of flowering dates from 1960-2010 found:
- In Gorgan, orange and tangerine flowering was delayed by up to 0.41 days/year, with weaker trends for other crops.
- In Kerman, all crops showed advanced flowering, from 0.12 days/year for orange to 0.17 days/year for sweet lemon and sour orange.
- In Shiraz, all crops showed stronger advances, from 0.56 to 0.65 days/year earlier flowering.
Changes in maximum and minimum temperatures were correlated with the shifts in flowering dates.
EFFECT OF PRE AND POST HARVEST TREATMENTS ON SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF PAPAY...Dr. Kalpesh Vaghela
This document summarizes research on pre and post-harvest treatments to extend the shelf life and quality of papaya fruits. It discusses how foliar sprays of nutrients like iron, zinc and boron can increase nutrients in papaya. It also discusses how gibberellic acid sprays before harvest and proper maturity at harvest can increase sugars and ascorbic acid in papaya. Post-harvest techniques like hot water dipping, coating and packaging are shown to slow respiration and microbial growth, extending papaya shelf life up to 2 weeks. The document provides data to support the effects of various pre and post-harvest treatments on papaya quality and shelf life.
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
This document discusses nutrient deficiency and management in pineapples. It outlines the recommended fertilizer application of FYM, NPK, and micronutrients. It then describes the deficiency symptoms and correction measures for various nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, copper, iron, and zinc. Symptoms include stunted growth, chlorosis, necrosis, fruit necrosis, and drooping leaves. Correction involves soil and foliar applications of fertilizers tailored to each nutrient deficiency.
Mapping Grape Suitability in South West Nova Scotia (SWNS)COGS Presentations
This is a research project outlining the compiled criteria for modelling grape production and disease development in South West Nova Scotia. This was achieved with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) at the Centre of Geographic Sciences (COGS) using data provided by the Applied Geomatics Research Group (AGRG).
Microclimates and soil characteristics give Nova Scotia grape growers a unique environment to produce high quality wine grapes, even though it is a cooler climate region for vineyards.
There are inherent diseases and stress related threats, but effective planning and management strategies including policy standards assist to mitigate crop damage. Moreover, there exists a potential to recognize improvement to management practices related to seasonal temperature trends.
This document provides guidelines for planning a commercial vineyard in Colorado. It discusses important considerations like economic viability, suitable climate, site selection factors, water availability and quality, irrigation system requirements, and potential wildlife problems. Careful planning at the initial stages can help minimize future issues and determine the project's likelihood of success.
1. The document discusses biotechnological interventions for crop improvement in fruit crops. It describes various conventional and biotechnological methods for fruit crop breeding including molecular markers, genetic engineering, and marker-assisted selection.
2. Molecular markers like SSRs, SNPs, and RAPDs can be used for genetic mapping, marker-assisted selection, and gene cloning in fruit crops. The document provides examples of using SSR markers for mapping genes controlling fruit traits in papaya and strawberry.
3. Marker-assisted selection allows shortening the breeding cycle by selecting genotypes with desired traits based on their marker profile, without needing to wait for phenotypic evaluation.
India is the second largest producer of fruits globally and fruit breeding research began in India in 1905 with the establishment of agricultural colleges. Several initiatives in the early 20th century helped boost fruit research. Fruit breeding is challenging due to long lifecycles, juvenile periods, heterozygosity, and other genetic factors of fruit crops. The objectives of fruit breeding are to develop varieties with high quality production, biotic/abiotic stress tolerance, and marketability. Fruit breeding plays an important role in developing improved varieties and meeting the needs of a growing population.
Climate change effect on abiotic stress in fruit crops Parshant Bakshi
A change of climate, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
Global climate change and increasing climatic variability are recently considered a huge concern worldwide due to enormous emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and its more apparent effect on fruit crops because of its perennial nature. The changed climatic parameters affect the crop physiology, biochemistry, floral biology, biotic stresses like disease-pest incidence, etc., and ultimately resulted to the reduction of yield and quality of fruit crops. So, it is big challenge to the scientists of the world.
identification of physiological disoreder in plants by Ghulam murtaza UOSmurtaza8513
This document discusses physiological disorders in plants caused by environmental and cultural factors. It identifies the main causes as nutrient deficiencies or excesses, temperature extremes, light levels, watering issues, and high carbon dioxide concentrations. Specific disorders addressed include blossom end rot, bitter pit, manganese toxicity, chlorosis, sunscald, oedema, and leaf pleating. The recommendations are to apply proper fertilizer doses, water appropriately, provide suitable light conditions, and avoid continuous light exposure.
Physiological disorders of subtropical and temperature fruit cropsannamalai university
A. This document discusses various physiological disorders that can occur in subtropical and temperate fruit crops like apples, mangoes, and grapes.
B. Physiological disorders are caused by abnormal environmental conditions, improper nutrition, or genetic factors rather than pathogens. They can affect plant growth, fruit quality, and shelf life.
C. Common physiological disorders discussed include nutritional deficiencies, temperature-related issues like chilling or heat injury, and respiratory disorders. The document outlines symptoms, causes, and management strategies for specific disorders in different fruits.
Stem, leaf, leaf buds, and roots can be used to propagate new plants from existing ones through vegetative propagation. Cutting propagation involves taking cuttings from certain plant varieties and rooting them to form new plants. The type of cutting taken, such as hardwood, semi-hardwood, softwood, or herbaceous depends on the plant. Rooting success is influenced by internal factors like the plant's nutrition, age, and growth rate as well as external environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and the rooting medium. The rooting process involves dedifferentiation of cells, formation of root initials, and development of root primordia and vascular connections between the cutting and the new roots.
CROP IMROVEMENT AND RECENT ADVANCES IN SAPOTApraveen choyal
This document summarizes a presentation on crop improvement and recent advances in sapota. It begins with an introduction to sapota, providing its common name, botanical name, family, chromosome number, origin, and edible part. It then discusses the basic information, important uses, constituents, nutritive value, present scenario, breeding objectives, center of diversity, botany, floral biology, morphology of flowers, selected varieties, hybrid varieties, distribution of cultivars in India, important varieties, future thrust, and concludes with thanks. The key points covered include sapota's origin in Mexico and Central America, commercial cultivation beginning in India in 1898, inarching being the main propagation method, and India being a major global
The document summarizes the current status and future prospects of breeding grapes for subtropical regions in India. It provides information on the world and India's grape production statistics. It discusses three main grape growing regions in India and highlights the prospects and challenges of growing grapes in subtropical areas. The objectives of grape breeding include developing early ripening varieties with high yields, quality fruits, and resistance to diseases. Materials and methods used in breeding like hybridization, introduction of varieties from other countries, and clonal selection are outlined. Some key results of past and current breeding programs are early maturing varieties developed that are suitable for subtropical growing conditions.
This document summarizes physiological disorders that affect warm season vegetables like tomatoes, brinjal, chili, sweet pepper, beans, and tapioca. It describes the symptoms, causes, and management strategies for common disorders like blossom end rot, cracking, sun scald, blotchy ripening, cat face, puffiness, gold flake, poor fruit set, chilling injury, transverse cotyledon cracking, and vascular streaking. Balanced irrigation, staking, calcium and potassium sprays, and growing resistant varieties are recommended to manage many of these disorders.
The document discusses plant responses and adaptations to flooding and waterlogging. It describes the main problems plants face with too much water like low oxygen levels. It outlines strategies plants use to tolerate flooding, including root adaptations like aerenchyma tissue to transport oxygen and shoot adaptations like elongation to grow above water. Hormones like ethylene play an important regulatory role in triggering responses to help plants survive flooding and waterlogging.
Alternate bearing refers to the tendency of some plants to produce heavy yields of fruit in one year followed by a light yield the next year in a cyclical pattern. This causes significant economic problems for growers by creating inconsistent supply and lower quality crops in heavy yield years. Several theories exist for the cause of alternate bearing, including hormonal imbalance and competition between vegetative and reproductive growth, and it can be influenced by both endogenous genetic and environmental factors. Common measures used by growers to overcome biennial bearing include proper orchard management, regulating flowering, thinning crops, pruning, and growing cultivars less prone to the issue.
This document provides an overview of the flower Anthurium. It discusses the plant's characteristics, classification, structure, cultivation requirements including climate, soil, propagation methods, and common pests and diseases. Anthurium is native to South America and is commonly grown as a cut flower, potted plant, or for floral arrangements. It requires warm temperatures between 20-28°C and high humidity levels to thrive.
Physiological, anatomical and biochemical aspects of rootAsish Benny
Cuttings are a common method of vegetative propagation where a detached part of a plant is placed in a rooting medium to form adventitious roots and shoots. Adventitious root formation is a complex process involving biochemical, physiological and anatomical changes. Key factors that influence rooting include the physiological condition and maturity of the mother plant, presence of leaves and buds, type of wood, season, and treatment of cuttings with growth regulators, minerals, and wounding. Proper treatment of cuttings can optimize root initiation and development.
Physiology of flowering in temperate fruit cropsMANDEEP KAUR
The document discusses the physiology of flowering in temperate fruit crops. It covers several topics:
1. The process of flowering involves three stages - differentiation, development, and opening of flower buds.
2. Flowering is triggered by various environmental and genetic factors like photoperiodism, temperature, hormones. Increased temperatures have inhibited growth and development in temperate fruits.
3. Low temperatures can damage flowers and young fruit through frost. The ovules and styles are more susceptible than pollen. Frost damage depends on developmental stage and temperature.
Climate change is causing shifts in the peak flowering dates of citrus crops in different regions of Iran. A study of flowering dates from 1960-2010 found:
- In Gorgan, orange and tangerine flowering was delayed by up to 0.41 days/year, with weaker trends for other crops.
- In Kerman, all crops showed advanced flowering, from 0.12 days/year for orange to 0.17 days/year for sweet lemon and sour orange.
- In Shiraz, all crops showed stronger advances, from 0.56 to 0.65 days/year earlier flowering.
Changes in maximum and minimum temperatures were correlated with the shifts in flowering dates.
EFFECT OF PRE AND POST HARVEST TREATMENTS ON SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF PAPAY...Dr. Kalpesh Vaghela
This document summarizes research on pre and post-harvest treatments to extend the shelf life and quality of papaya fruits. It discusses how foliar sprays of nutrients like iron, zinc and boron can increase nutrients in papaya. It also discusses how gibberellic acid sprays before harvest and proper maturity at harvest can increase sugars and ascorbic acid in papaya. Post-harvest techniques like hot water dipping, coating and packaging are shown to slow respiration and microbial growth, extending papaya shelf life up to 2 weeks. The document provides data to support the effects of various pre and post-harvest treatments on papaya quality and shelf life.
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
This document discusses nutrient deficiency and management in pineapples. It outlines the recommended fertilizer application of FYM, NPK, and micronutrients. It then describes the deficiency symptoms and correction measures for various nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, copper, iron, and zinc. Symptoms include stunted growth, chlorosis, necrosis, fruit necrosis, and drooping leaves. Correction involves soil and foliar applications of fertilizers tailored to each nutrient deficiency.
Mapping Grape Suitability in South West Nova Scotia (SWNS)COGS Presentations
This is a research project outlining the compiled criteria for modelling grape production and disease development in South West Nova Scotia. This was achieved with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) at the Centre of Geographic Sciences (COGS) using data provided by the Applied Geomatics Research Group (AGRG).
Microclimates and soil characteristics give Nova Scotia grape growers a unique environment to produce high quality wine grapes, even though it is a cooler climate region for vineyards.
There are inherent diseases and stress related threats, but effective planning and management strategies including policy standards assist to mitigate crop damage. Moreover, there exists a potential to recognize improvement to management practices related to seasonal temperature trends.
This document provides guidelines for planning a commercial vineyard in Colorado. It discusses important considerations like economic viability, suitable climate, site selection factors, water availability and quality, irrigation system requirements, and potential wildlife problems. Careful planning at the initial stages can help minimize future issues and determine the project's likelihood of success.
This document provides an overview of organic grape production. It discusses key considerations for organic grape growing, including disease, insect, and weed management strategies. Specific challenges in the eastern US are outlined, such as a climate that fosters pest problems and consumer preferences for cultivars that are difficult to grow. The document also briefly discusses marketing opportunities for eastern labrusca-type grapes and organic wines.
Some data and some reflections about the impact of the global warming on wine production, wine geography and wine quality. And how to counteract the negative effects.
What can wine tell us about the future of life on Earth? Kim Nicholas
Studying wine, like other living systems, tells us that life on Earth is in big trouble from the joint threats of the climate and ecological crises. We already live in a world of dangerous climate change and must urgently stop burning fossil fuels and destroying nature.
HRIM 418667Spring 2016Monday February 08 2016 Tonig.docxadampcarr67227
HRIM 418/667
Spring 2016
Monday February 08 2016
Tonight’s topic: February 8th 2016
Welcome & Introductions
Photo IDs and proof of age documents
Who am I? Who are you?
Required Texts and Materials- Wine tasting kits
Course Syllabus, assignments, and Materials- (6:00-7:00)
Short History of wine- (7:00-7:45)
Break
Viticulture & Viniculture of wine (8:00-8:30)
Recap & What’s next?
The Short History of Wine:
What Grapes make wine? The Specific Grape vine is called:
Vitis vinifera
Where were the original plantings found?
Fertile crescent of the Mesopotamia- Turkey, Syria and modern day Iran and Iraq
When were the first wines produced?
Between 5,000-7,000 BC
Short history continued…
How was the first wines created? By accident?
Western Civilization hunters gathering grapes for food…
How is wine produced?
Process: Fermentation occurs
Sugar + Yeast= Ethanol & CO2 (by product)
The Uncivilized version of wine
Wine cultivated and civilized….
The ancient Greeks introduced wine making to Europe
Short history continued…
Important advances made by the Greeks-
Trellising of vines- improve quality of grapes
Storage for the wine in clay pots- age and maturity
Wine production flourished and shared with neighbors
French- Marseilles
Iberian Pennisula- Portugal and Spain
Enotria- “land of wine”
Know today as Italy- Rome, the most important ancient civilization in Europe
The influence of the Roman Empire
Religion and mythology- Bacchus “god of wine”
Important in the advancement and influence of wine throughout Europe
Wines role in the daily life!
Presses were developed
Wooden barrels for ageing
Glass bottles
All good things come to an end….Roman Empire crashes AD 476
Modern world influences…
Role of sacramental wine- religious ceremonies
Church maintained vineyards during the Dark ages
Missionaries in the New world
Spanish Monks Planted the first grapes in California 1768
Fast forward….early 1900’s
Wine produced throughout North America
East coast and Midwest
Prohibition
1920- 18th amendment to the US constitution “Volstead Act”, made the manufacture, sale, and transportation of “intoxicating liquids” a federal crime
Legal loop hole= Sacramental wine for the church
Repeal in 1933, Great Depression, World War II
1950’s- California wine making is back!
The Judgement of Paris- the day everything changed
The Judgement of Paris-1976
Known as the Spurrier tasting
Informal tasting on May 24th 1976 coinciding with America’s Bicentennial Celebration
France vs. California
The winner is……
15 minute break
Viticulture: The Art and Science of growing Grapes
Vitis Vinifera-The Wine Grape Vine
Seasonal cycle of the Vine
Harvest of the Grapes
Vintage
Agricultural factors
Grafting, trellising, canopy management, Grape choice
Pest control
Terroir
Viticulture: The Wine Grape Vine
Vitis Vinifera-
Most widely planted agricultural crop on Earth
20 million acres
Planted on every continent-except Antartica
Grows best .
This document provides information on grape cultivars that are suitable for growing in the upper Midwest region. It begins with an overview of the main cultivar types - American varieties, French-American hybrids, and European Vitis vinifera varieties. It then discusses the history and development of French hybrids, US breeding programs, and considerations for cultivar selection such as adaptation, disease resistance, and marketability. The document provides details on over 30 specific cultivars for white and red wine production as well as table grapes, including their characteristics, hardiness, and wine/flavor qualities. It emphasizes matching cultivars to the climate conditions of different planting zones in the upper Midwest.
Seven main factors influence the taste of wine: climate, soil, grape variety, viticulture practices, vinification methods, annual weather conditions, and ageing. Climate determines the quality of grapes through temperature, rainfall, and sunshine. Soil influences drainage, nutrient availability, and microbial activity in the grapes. Grape variety affects fruit flavors and ripening. Viticultural techniques impact yields and disease/pest control. Vinification extraction and treatments control tannins, color, and balance. Annual weather can damage vines or affect ripening. During ageing, wines' color, aromas, taste, and balance change over time.
This document discusses the concept of terroir and the factors that contribute to terroir. It states that terroir is influenced by an interaction of climate, soil, vines and human practices. Experience from old world wine regions shows that choosing the right grape varieties suited to local climatic conditions is important for expressing terroir. Soil type, slope, drainage and vine training techniques can also impact the microclimate experienced by the vines and the quality of the resulting wine. The document advocates for cool climate viticulture which allows grapes to fully ripen late in the season, improving aromatic expression.
We are pleased to share the documents presented at the round table discussion on “Vineyard and climate change”, in which Enrico Peterlungen, José Ramón Lisarrague and Gregory Jones participated on the 2nd day of the #10thWBWE
This document discusses the structure and components of grapes, including the stalks, skins, yeasts, pulp, and pips. It also covers viticulture topics like rootstocks, grafting, and the devastating grape pest phylloxera. Specifically:
1) Grapes are composed of stalks, skins, yeasts, pulp and pips, each containing different compounds that impact wine quality.
2) Phylloxera vastatrix is an aphid pest that destroyed European vineyards in the late 19th century. The solution was grafting European grape varieties onto resistant American rootstock.
3) Rootstocks come from various American grape species and are chosen based on climate, soil type, and
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Identification guide of Grapevines Grown in a Cold Climate – Wine grapes
1. Mucro salient red
slightly bent
12mm
18cm
137 g
truncated conical
with wing,
loose compactness
U-shaped
petiolar sinus
concave and convex teeth
lateral sinus
sometimes overlapped
Richard Grenier
Publisher
Gaëlle Dubé
Isabelle Turcotte
agronomists
of Grapevines Grown in a Cold Climate
Identification Guide
Wine grapes
3. This document consists of an initial collec-
tion of information on cultivar identification
and the specific viticultural characteristics
of grape varieties grown in cold climates; more
specifically, those that are found in the province of
Québec.
We propose here an ampelographic description based
on our field observations in recent years. To this end,
we have selected a set of morphological descriptors
that are presented in the form of description sheets.
These descriptors are based on those developed by
the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV)
and those of Pierre Galet, an agronomist recognized
as a specialist in the field of ampelography. We also
developed our own descriptors to gather as much
information as possible about growing these grape
varieties in Québec.
To understand the concept of the descriptors and
cultural characteristics, each of them are defined at
the beginning of this document. These definitions, in
addition to some diagrams and measurement scales,
guide the readers in their own observations, and
describe at the same time the methods we used to
obtain our information. The description sheets are
supplemented by three other sections in the book.
The first part presents some characteristics of the
Vitis species used in the crosses that have produced
the varieties found in Québec (Vitis vinifera, Vitis
labrusca, Vitis riparia, etc.). Knowing the parents of a
grape variety can provide guidance about its expected
performance, including its susceptibility to diseases,
the vine culture, and flavor characteristics of the
variety produced from the parental cross. The second
section presents short biographical notes of some
breeders whose grapes are grown in our climate
with the goal of better understanding the origin of
Québec’s grape varieties. The final part presents
comparative tables and summaries, as well as two
climatic maps of Québec: one illustrating winter
hardiness zones and the other showing summer heat
summation using the growing degree-day index with
a 10 °C base.
In this first inventory of the main grape varieties
grown in Québec, we focused on the Vitis vinifera
varieties that are present in some vineyards, as well
as the semi-hardy varieties requiring winter protection
and the fully cold hardy varieties. The list of grape
varieties has been divided according to either the
quality potential or the extent of the cultivated area of
the variety in Québec (main varieties and secondary
varieties). This list also includes varieties that are
currently being tested on small plantings and which
were judged likely to have a larger role in Québec
vineyards over the next few years.
This guide also aims to be a planning tool for the
establishment of a vineyard by presenting a number
of the cultural and organoleptic characteristics of
the varieties. These characteristics are based on our
observations, combined with other grape growing
professionals in Québec. The information presented
is empirical and reflects the performance of the
vine under average growing conditions. The reader
should be aware that many cultural characteristics
are greatly influenced by specific geographic and
climatic conditions. Thus, the choice of a vineyard
location is of paramount importance.
It is important to keep in mind that the observations,
aswellastheculturalandorganolepticcharacteristics
of the varieties presented in this document, will
be refined over time with additional observations
and experience in future years of cultivation and
winemaking.
Preface V
Identification Guide of Grapevines Grown in a Cold Climate — Wine grapes – 2011
4. IV | About the team
V | Preface
9 | Descriptors defenitions
17 | Schemas: Leaf – Flower – Cluster
Description of the White Grape Varieties
20 | Adalmiina (E.S. 6-16-30)
24 | Cayuga White (NY 33403)
28 | Chardonnay
30 | Delisle (E.S. 7-5-41)
32 | Eona
34 | E.S. 4-23-60
36 | E.S. 10-18-14
38 | E.S. 10-18-30
40 | Frontenac blanc
44 | Frontenac gris (MN 1187)
48 | Geisenheim (GM 318-57)
52 | Hibernal (GM 322-58)
56 | Kay Gray (E.S. 1-63)
58 | La Crescent (MN 1166)
62 | Louise Swenson (E.S. 4-8-33)
66 | Osceola Muscat (E.S. 8-2-43)
70 | Prairie Star (E.S. 3-24-7)
72 | Riesling
74 | Saint-Cliche
76 | St. Pepin (E.S. 282)
80 | Seyval (S.V. 5-276)
84 | Swenson White (E.S. 6-1-43)
88 | Traminette (NY 65.533.13)
90 | Vandal-Cliche (Vandal 84-14)
94 | Vidal (Vidal 256)
Description of the Red Grape Varieties
98 | Baco noir (24-23 Baco)
100 | Baltica
104 | Beta
106 | Chambourcin (J.S. 26.205)
108 | Chancellor (Seibel 7.053)
112 | De Chaunac (Seibel 9.549)
116 | DM 8521-1
120 | Frontenac (MN 1047)
124 | Gamay
126 | Léon Millot (Kuhlmann 194-2)
128 | Lucie Kuhlmann (Kuhlmann 149-1)
132 | Maréchal Foch (Kuhlmann 188-2)
136 | Marquette (MN 1211)
140 | New York Muscat (NY 12997)
142 | Petite Perle (TP 2-1-24)
144 | Pionnier (E.S. 4-7-25)
146 | Radisson (E.S. 5-17)
150 | Sabrevois (E.S. 2-1-9)
154 | St. Croix (E.S. 2-3-21)
158 | Seyval noir (S.V. 5-247)
162 | Skandia (TP 2-1-37)
164 | S.V. 18-307
166 | TP 1-1-12
169 | Other Grape Varieties grown in Québec
Comparative tables
172 | Green shoots
174 | Lower side of the leaf
176 | Clusters
Summary tables and maps
178 | Susceptibility to diseases
180 | Period of bud burst
181 | Plant Hardiness Zones Map
182 | Growing Degree-Days base 10 °C
183 | Growing Degree-Days Map base 10 °C
Vines species description
187 | Introduction
188 | Vitis aestivalis
188 | Vitis berlandieri
189 | Vitis cinerea
189 | Vitis labrusca
190 | Vitis riparia
190 | Vitis rupestris
191 | Vitis vinifera
192 | Genetics summary
Improvement of varieties and breeders
197 | Improvement of varieties
198 | The Breeders
198 | Albert Seibel (S)
198 | Cornell University (NY)
199 | David MacGregor (DM)
199 | Elmer Swenson (E.S.)
200 | Eugène Kuhlmann
200 | François Baco
200 | Geisenheim Grape Breeding Institute (GM)
200 | Jean-Louis Vidal
200 | Joannès Seyve (J.S.)
200 | Joseph O. Vandal
201 | Mario Cliche
201 | Mark Hart (MAVO)
201 | Seyve Villard (S.V.)
202 | Tom Plocher (TP)
202 | University of Minnesota (MN)
Glossary
207 | Glossary of Terms
Bibliography
213 | Works consulted
213 | Webibliography
213 | Works of interest and online sources
215 | Acknowledgements
Table of contents VII
Identification Guide of Grapevines Grown in a Cold Climate — Wine grapes – 2011
5. Frontenac Main red varietiesMN 1047
Shoot tip
Shoot tip closed. The first leaves remain folded in
U. Glabrous to cobwebby hairs on veins and shoots.
Few pearl glands.
Green shoots
Elongated appearance. Large lightly coppery areas.
Red stripe. Cobwebby hairs.
Inflorescence
Extremity of the inflorescence with few red flower
caps. Cobwebby hairs on the rachis.
Young leaves
First leaves remain folded in U. Large lightly
coppery areas. Cobwebby hairs.
120
Identification Guide of Grapevines Grown in a Cold Climate — Wine grapes – 2011
3
2
2
1
6. FrontenacMain red varieties MN 1047
Susceptibility to diseases
Anthracnose: ++ Powdery mildew: + Excoriose: n.a.
Downy mildew: tolerant Grey rot: + Black rot: +++
Rot brenner: ++
Culture in Québec
Private network trials since 1998. Established in Québec in 2001.
Wood internodes
medium
Shoot tip
closed
Yield
8 T/ha (σ = 3)
Zone – Degree-days
3b – 1250 GDDs (10 °C)
Growth habit
semi-erect
Time of bud burst
semi-early
Vigour
very high
Growth habit remarks
Easy trellising.
Diseases and insects remarks
Powdery mildew mainly on leaf. During rainy autumn, pay attention to the development of gray rot. Susceptible
to foliar phylloxera. Copper can be slightly phytotoxic to berries. Sensitive to magnesium deficiency.
Shoot remarks
Red upper side and green lower side with red streaks.
Woody cane remarks
Brown canes with some deep reddish-brown streaks.
Establishment zone remarks
Does well on good sites in zone 5. Ripens a bit late for zone 4. Grows in most types of soils.
Cross
Landot (L.4511) X Vitis riparia 89
Cross remarks
Bred in 1978 by Jim Luby at the University of Minnesota. Selected in 1983 by Peter Hemstad. Patented in 1995.
Cold damage
8
Establishment speed
rapid
Berry sugar level
24 Brix
Fertility
high
Genetics
V. vinifera 25,4 % V. rupestris 10,2 % V. riparia 50,4 % V. labrusca 2,3 %
V. cinerea 0 % V. berlandieri 7,8 % V. aestivalis 2,3 % Open poll. 0 %
121
Identification Guide of Grapevines Grown in a Cold Climate — Wine grapes – 2011
7. Frontenac Main red varietiesMN 1047
Upper side of leaf
Pentagonal, sometimes kidney-shaped, 3 lobes.
Thin and shiny leaf blade. Straight teeth. Petiolar
point red. U-shaped petiolar sinus, very open to
open and sometimes bare.
Lower side of leaf
Glabrous leaf blade. Veins and petiole with erect
hairs. Red petiole.
Flowering
Hermaphrodite. Beige anthers. Filaments rather
long. Long style. Cobwebby hairs on the rachis.
Cluster
Truncated conical, sometimes with wing, loose to
medium compactness. Large length. Red rachis.
Purplish-blue berries, spherical, medium small size.
White and pointy stylar scar.
122
Identification Guide of Grapevines Grown in a Cold Climate — Wine grapes – 2011
1
1
1
1
1
8. FrontenacMain red varieties MN 1047
Organoleptic characteristics
Versatile variety. When harvested at full maturity, it
gives a complex and full-bodied wine with black cherry,
blackberry, plum, chocolate and coffee aromas, but lacks
tannin. Strawberry predominant flavor in rosés. High
acidity and sugar levels. Harvest date should be based on
the acidity of the berries even if the alcoholic potential
is high. The acidity may decrease with the age of the
plants. Tolerates the use of barrels or wood chips. Low
juice yield.
General remarks
Currently the best producer in quantity, in
Québec. Good yield from the 3rd year. The
high buds fertility gives this vine the capacity
to produce a good harvest even after a spring
frost. Buds of the old wood are fertile. Balance
the vegetative and reproductive phase in order
to avoid the development of branch with a too
large diameter. A bit sensitive to early fall frosts.
The propagation of Frontenac is managed by
the Minnesota Nursery Research Corporation
(Source: http://www.grapes.umn.edu/
Licensing/index.htm)
Berry size – shape
med. small – spherical
Cluster length – shape
large – truncated conical
Cluster weight
138 g (σ = 55)
Cluster compactness
loose to medium
Cluster remarks
Sometimes with wing. Red rachis.
Berry remarks
Purplish-blue berries. White and pointy stylar scar. Thin skin. Tends to
desiccate during maturation. Weight ~ 1,3 g.
Types of wines
Red — Rosé — Fortified — Late harvest
Lower side of leaf hairs
Glabrous leaf blade. Veins and petiole with a few erect hairs.
Upper side of leaf – shape
pentagonal – 3 lobes
Petiolar sinus shape
U-shaped
Upper side of leaf profil
V-shaped
Petiolar sinus opening
very open to open
Dentation length – shape
medium to long – straight
Upper side of leaf remarks
Sometimes kidney-shaped. Thin and shiny leaf blade. Petiolar point red.
Lower side of leaf remarks
Red petiole.
Sinus remarks
Petiolar sinus sometimes bare.
123
Identification Guide of Grapevines Grown in a Cold Climate — Wine grapes – 2011
9. Identification Guide of Grapevines Grown in a Cold Climate — Wine grapes – 2011
176
Comparative table
Clusters
Saint-Cliche
p. 74
E.S. 10-18-14
p. 36
Riesling
p. 72
Traminette
p. 88
E.S. 10-18-30
p. 38
Cayuga White
p. 24
St. Pepin
p. 76
Vandal-Cliche
p. 90
Kay Gray
p. 56
Chardonnay
p. 28
E.S. 4-23-60
p. 34
Osceola Muscat
p. 66
Geisenheim
p. 48
Vidal
p. 94
Louise Swenson
p. 62
Swenson White
p. 84
Adalmiina
p. 20
Prairie Star
p. 70
Hiberbal
p. 52
Seyval
p. 80
Frontenac blanc
p. 40
La Crescent
p. 58
Delisle
p. 30
Classification
The distribution of clusters
is made according to the
color (green-yellow to
dark purplish-blue).
10. Identification Guide of Grapevines Grown in a Cold Climate — Wine grapes – 2011
177
Comparative table
Clusters
Baltica
p. 100
Frontenac
p. 120
De Chaunac
p. 112
Sabrevois
p. 150
St. Croix
p. 154
Marquette
p. 136
Baco noir
p. 98
Beta
p. 104
Chancellor
p. 108
Petite Perle
p. 142
Pionnier
p. 144
Chambourcin
p. 106
Gamay
p. 124
Léon Millot
p. 126
Lucie Kuhlmann
p. 128
Maréchal Foch
p. 132
Seyval noir
p. 158
S.V. 18-307
p. 164
TP 1-1-12
p. 166
Skandia
p. 162
Eona
p. 32
Frontenac gris
p. 44
New York Muscat
p. 140
DM 8521-1
p. 116
Radisson
p. 146