This document provides an outline of grammar topics for a Spanish grammar book, including conditional tenses with irregular verbs, perfect tenses, the difference between saber and conocer, formal and informal commands, subjunctive tenses, impersonal "se", expressions of time and emotion, and demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. Each topic includes brief definitions and examples.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Table of Contents Conditional + irregulars Perfect Tenses- Present- Past- Present perfect irregulars- Subjunctive perfect tanto y tan Impersonal ‘se’ Saber vs. Conocer Los Mandatos - Informal - Formal Nosotros command- mono verbs Subjunctive + irregulars- Trigger phrases Impersonal expressions Expressions of emotion Conjunctions of time Demonstrative Adjectives + Pronouns
3. Conditional + Irregulars Expresses what you would do or what would happen under certain circumstances. Expresses conjecture or probability. Irregulars (same as Future) decirdirhacerharponerpondrsalirsaldr tenertendrvalervoldr venirvendrpoderpodr quererquerrsabersabrcabercabr haberhabrhayhabrá
4. Present Perfect Tense The present perfect is a compound tense formed with the present tense of the verb HABER (to have) and the past participle of another verb. The past participle is formed by changing the ending: AradoEridoIrido Conjugation of Haber Haber + verb(with correct ending) Example: He estudiado.
5. Present Perfect Irregulars Abrir abierto Cubrir cubierto Decir dicho Escribir escrito Hacer hecho Morir muerto Poner puesto Resolver resuelto Romper roto Ver visto Volver vuelto Ir ido
6. Past Perfect Tense Use the imperfect of HABER plus the masculine singular form of the past participle. Example: Habíahablado.
7. Future Perfect Tense Use the future of HABER plus the masculine singular form of the past participle. Example: Habrésalidoparalasocho.
8. Subjunctive Perfect Use correct form of HABER plus past participle. Example: Hayallegado a tiempo.
9. Tan y Tanto Tan…como as…as Tanto…como as much/as many…as Tan is used with adjectives and adverbs. ex: Conduzco tan despaciocomopuedo. Tanto is used with nouns and verbs ex: El tienetantomiedocomoyo.
10. Impersonal “Se” Use “se” to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb. When using “se”, the verb is always in the 3rd person. Can be used in ALL tenses. Ex: Se vendefruta en el mercado. Ex: Se habla ingles. Ex: Se hizo mucho.
11. Saber or Conocer? Saber and conocer both mean “to know”, but they are used at different times. Saber is used to state factual information. Ex: Ella sabequelasballenasjorobadasviven en el océano. Conocer is used for knowledge of people, places, or literary works. Ex: Conozcotu amigo, Bruno.
12. Formal Commands Affirmative Conjugate to yo form. Drop ending and add opposite vowel. Ex: Hablar hablo hable. Irregulars: TVDISHES Connect DO/IO to verb. Negative Conjugate to yo form. Drop ending and add opposite vowel. Ex: Hablar hablo no hable. Irregulars: TVDISHES Put DO/IO before verb.
13. Informal Commands Affirmative Conjugate to tu form and drop the “s.” Ex: Hablar hablas habla. Irregulars: Di, haz, ve, pon, sal, se, ten, ven. Connect DO/IO to verb. Negative Conjugate to yo form. Drop ending, and add opposite vowel and “s”. Ex: Hablar hablo no hables. Irregulars: TVDISHES Put DO/IO before verb.
14. Nosotros Commands Affirmative Conjugate to yo form. Drop ending, add opposite vowel and “mos.” Ex: Hablar hablo hablemos. Instead of add “nos” to the end, change the ending to “monos.” Negative Conjugate to yo form. Drop ending, add opposite vowel and “mos.” Ex: Hablar hablo no hablemos. Put “nos” before the verb.
15. Subjunctive Attitudes, uncertain, hypothetical Conjugate to yo form and add appropriate ending. ArEr/IR Irregulars: TVDISHES Impersonal expression + que + subjunctive
16. Impersonal Expressions Es bueno que… Es interesante que… Es mal que… Es verde que… No es verde que… Es alegre que…
18. Conjunctions of Time a condición de que on the condition that a fin de que so that a menosque unless antes (de) que before con tal (de) que provided that en caso de que in case ojaláque hopefully paraque so that pormiedo de que for fear that siempreque provided that sin quewithout asíque as soon as cuandowhen despuesde que after en cuanto as soon as hastaque until luegoque as soon as tan pronto como as soon as
19. Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns Adjectives Ese/esa that Este/esta this Aquel/aquella that (over there) Esos/esas those Estos/estas these Aquellos/aquellas those (over there) Pronouns Ése/ésa that Éste/ésta this Aquél/aquélla that (over there) Ésos/ésas those Éstos/éstas these Aquéllos/aquéllas those (over there)