This document provides an overview of grammar, defining it as the structure and system of a language. It distinguishes between various types of grammar, including descriptive, prescriptive, teaching, and language universals, and discusses the development and complexity of grammatical rules. Additionally, it addresses the concepts of form and function in grammar, as well as the difference between types and tokens in linguistic structures.

1. Institute of New Khmer
Subject: Applied Linguistics
Teach By: Lecturer Soun Sok Reoun
Prepared By: Group
Student Name
Miss Hun Sokly
Room: A2, Shift: Morning, Semester: 1, Year: 4
Academy 2016-2017

2. Grammar

3. I. Grammar
 What is grammar?
• Grammar is the structure and system
of a language, or of language in
general.
• Grammar is syntax and morphology.
• Grammar is phonology and
semantics.

4.  Grammar are of different kinds:
1) Descriptive grammar: as the
model or description of the internalized
grammar.
• It does not teach the rules of the
language.
• It descriptive grammar refer to the
structure of the language.

5. 2) Prescriptive grammar: A set of
rules and example with the syntax and
word structure of a language.
• Prescriptive Grammar: refer to the
structure of a language as certain
people think it should be used.

6. 3) Teaching grammar: Are written to
help people learn a foreign language.
• Teaching Grammar are use in school
to fulfill language requirements.
• Teaching Grammar state explicitly
the rules of the language, list the
word and their pronunciation, and aid
in learning a new language or dialect.

7. 4) Language Universals:
That pertain to each of the parts
of grammar Language universals we
can called Universal Grammar.

8. 5) The development of grammar:
Linguistic theory is concerned not
only with describing the knowledge that
an adult speaker has of his or her
language, but also with explaining how
that knowledge is acquired.

9. 6) Issue when describing grammar:
A descriptive approach to grammar
may seem a simple matter, but in
practice it is somewhat more complicated
than it may first appear.
The outcome will be different depend
on which part of the grammar are include
and on what the focus of the description
is.

10. 7) Which rules to describe:
- We tend to expect grammar to
state rules in terms of general statement
to describe. How structure behave in a
predictable.
- Tell us that some rules apply more
consistently than others.

11. 8) Form and Function:
-What is form and function grammar?
a. Formal grammar is concerned with
the forms themselves and with how
they operate within the overall system
of grammar.
e.g. My daughter bought a
completely new smartphone over the
summer.

12. b. Function Grammar : is focuses on
appropriate use of language.
Function Grammar: is elements to be
the key to understanding linguistic
processes and structure.
E.g. Hello, Tola. Happy Deeparali to
you and your family.
- The race will start at 8:00 am, won’t it?

13. Ex, The form “Man” can perform two
function : Father and Teacher.
- The form “Woman” can perform to
function : Mother and Teacher.

14. 9) Type versus token:
Type describe might present a broad
array of structures and give each equal
weight.
Token describe might well reveal that
some of rare occurrence, or restricted to
a realization through a limited range of
lexical items.
Ex: A good wine is a wine that I like.

15. Thank
You