This document defines and compares different types of grammar. It explains that descriptive grammar objectively describes a language's rules, while prescriptive grammar prescribes rules about how a language should be used. Universal grammar refers to innate linguistic properties that are shared across all human languages. Traditional grammar provides a framework for describing a language's structure and determining correct usage. The document also discusses how learning grammar is important for effective communication and language learning, as grammar provides the rules for forming sentences.

1. WHAT IS GRAMMAR?
Aslıgül KÖYÜK
Hacettepe University

2.  The definion of Grammar
 Descriptive Grammar
 Prescriptive Grammar
 Descriptive Grammar vs Prescriptive Grammar
 Universal Grammar
 Traditional Grammar
 Learning Grammar… Do I have to?
 The Relationship between Grammar
and Language Learning

3. WHAT IS GRAMMAR?
 It is the knowledge speakers have about the units
and rules of their language.
 A set of rules which help us to create clauses,
phrases and words in any language.
 Basically, explicit rules dealing with word and
sentence structure in language.
 The rules can include phonetics and phonology,
morphology, syntax and sometimes semantics and
pragmatics.

4. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR
 The kind of grammar that tells you not how you
should speak; but how you speak and your basic
linguistic knowledge.
 It tells you what you know about the sounds, words,
phrases and sentences of your language.
 It has no evaluation. (non-judgmental )
 Descriptive Grammar’s rules are more basic and
general than prescriptive ones.

5. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR
 It came up with Renaissence.
 Main aim: not to describe the rules people know;
but to tell them what rules they should follow.
 These rules are set and tell us how we should
speak or write.
 Contrary to descriptive grammar, it has evaluation.
It gives judgments on which structures are correct
or incorrect.
 Such rules are;
I didn’t see anybody. ( + )
I didn’t see nobody. ( - )

7. UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR
 Linguistic ability springs itself without being taught.
 There are properties that all languages share
common.
 To determine what abilities are innate and what
properties are shared by all languages, the linguist
observes and experiments.

8.  Chomsky says just
because human beings
have undergone
evaluation and
been created by nature,
Universal Grammar is a
biological trait; so
common to all humans.

9. TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR
 Traditional Grammar is the framework for the
description of the structure of a language.
 It is the definition of the best and most correct
structures to be used.
 It is mostly used in language education.

10. LEARNING GRAMMAR.. DO I HAVE TO?
 Grammar is important because thanks to it, it is
possible for us to talk about language.
 Knowing grammar offers a window into the human
mind and it’s mental capacity.
 For communication, all kinds of texts ( does not
matter whether it is formal or not ), we use
language.
 To understand others and to be understood by
them, we create endless sentences with the rules of
grammar.

11. GRAMMAR AND LANGUAGE LEARNING
 The common thing is all languages have their own
grammar structures.
 For speaking any language, we should be able to
create sentences; to create sentences, we must
know grammar rules.
 At beginning stages of language learning, it starts
with basic words and basic grammar rules. It is the
root of language.
 Example:
*She, ill, go, school, today. ( ??? )
*She is ill; that’s why she couldn’t go to school
today.

13. REFERENCES
 http://www.lingholic.com/important-grammar-
language-learning/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_grammar
 http://grammar.about.com/od/grammarfaq/f/gramma
rvalue.htm
 http://www.ingilizcealanbilgisi.com/oabt/descriptive-
grammar-vs-prescriptive-grammar/
 http://amyrey.web.unc.edu/classes/ling-101-
online/tutorials/understanding-prescriptive-vs-
descriptive-grammar/