The document discusses various methods of student assessment and reporting, including traditional letter grades, pass/fail systems, checklists of objectives, letters to parents/guardians, portfolios, and parent-teacher conferences. It notes strengths and limitations of each approach. Traditional letter grades are easy to understand but provide limited information. Pass/fail systems use a dichotomous grading scale. Checklists of objectives indicate student achievement levels for each learning objective. Letters to parents supplement grades but have limitations. Portfolios show student work and progress over time. Parent-teacher conferences facilitate information sharing but many parents do not attend.

2. a. Traditional letter-grade system
In the traditional letter grading
system, students performances are
summarized by means of letters.
A stands for excellent, C stands for
average, D for needing
improvement, and F as a failure.

3. a. Traditional letter-grade system
The traditional letter-grade system is
easy to understand but it is of limited
value when used as the solo report
because they end up being a
combination of achievement, effort,
work, habits, behavior. As such, they
do not indicate patterns of strengths
and weaknesses.

4. b. Pass-fail
The pass or fail system utilizes a
dichotomous grading system. Either a
student has complied and reached
certain standards, in which case he
passes or he failed to do so he gets
failing mark. This is popular in some
courses in college

5. c. Checklist of objectives
In this system, the objectives of
the course are enumerated. After
each objective, the students level
of achievement is indicated:
Outstanding, Very Good, Good,
Fair or Poor.

6. d. Letters to parent/guardians
Letter to parents and guardian are very
useful supplement to grades. However,
they have a limited value as sole report
because they are very time consuming to
prepare, the accounts of weaknesses are
very often misinterpreted by guardians
and parents, and they are characterized
neither as systematic nor cumulative.

7. e. Portfolios
As already explained a portfolio is a set of
purposefully selected words, with
commentary by students and teacher.
Portfolios are useful for showing students
strength and weaknesses, illustrating
range of students work showing progress
over time or stages of a project , teaching
student about objectives/standards they
are to meet

8. f. Parent-teacher conferences
Parent-teacher conferences are mainly
used in elementary schools. This requires
that parents of pupils come to conference
with the teacher to discuss the pupil
progress. Such conferences are for a two-
way flow of information and getting more
information and cooperation of parents.
They are, however, of limited value as a
report because most of parents do not
come for such conferences