The document discusses the grading system used to assess student performance in undergraduate education. It describes some key advantages of direct grading over other assessment methods like reducing subjectivity and improving quality. Direct grading involves assigning letter grades on a 5-point scale to answers and calculating an overall weighted average. This allows converting marks to grades to simplify the assessment process while maintaining a uniform assessment scale.

1. Credit and semester PROGRAMME ON GRADING

2. RESTRUCTURING U G EDUCATION The U G reforms through:- 1. SEMESTERISATION 2. CHOICE BASED CREDITS 3. CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT 4. GRADING

3. GRADING AN ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE

4. Performance Assessment Tools MARKS GRADES

5. DISTORTIONS IN ASSESSMENT Due To... Subjectivity of the Examiner Use of fine scale for raw assessment

6. ADVANTAGES OF GRADING Reducing subjectivity Raw assessment on a raw scale Improving quality of assessment

7. TYPES OF GRADING Direct Grading Indirect Grading

8. DIRECT GRADING Each answer is graded with letters Grade letters are A, B, C, D and E

9. INDIRECT GRADING Two types of indirect grading… Absolute Grading: Marks awarded on a 101 point scale are converted to a 5/7/9 point scale Relative grading: The scores awarded are normalized for proper distribution on the basis of pre-fixed pattern

10. INDIRECT GRADING: ABSOLUTE Marks awarded are classified into different grades Lead to distortions who score close to the margins

11. INDIRECT GRADING: RELATIVE Performance of students is compared with that of his peers Graded to ensure normal distribution in performance assessment A pre-fixed pattern may not represent the actual academic and intellectual ability

12. ADVANTAGES OF DIRECT GRADING Simplifies the process of assessment Makes a raw assessment on a raw scale Uses a uniform scale for the assessment of quality Separates assessment of quality and range

13. MECHANICS OF DIRECT GRADING Assessment of quality on a five point scale for each question Assigning weightage depending on the nature of the question Calculation of weighted average Certification on a seven point scale

14. PROCESS OF DIRECT GRADING (1) Each answer is graded with letters Weightage is then given based on the range of the question Grades and weightages are assigned numerical values The weighted grade points arrived by multiplying grade points by weightage

15. PROCESS OF DIRECT GRADING (2 ) Sum of weighted grade points is divided by the sum of the weightage to arrive Grade Point Average (GPA) for the course Combining grades of different courses gives Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of an entire programme

16. LETTER GRADES AND GRADE POINTS LETTER GRADES GRADE POINTS A 4 B 3 C 2 D 1 E 0

17. GRADES AND GRADE POINTS (5 point scale) Grade Grade Points Grade Range A 4 3.5 to 4 B 3 2.5 to 3.49 C 2 1.5 to 2.49 D 1 0.5 to 1.49 E 0 < 0.5

18. WEIGHTAGE Essays / Long answer questions : 4 Short essays / Problems : 2 Short answer questions : 1 B unch of 4 Objective type questions : 1 Weightage can also vary from component to component within a subject (Theory/Practical) OR Internal/External) OR subject to subject (Core/Complementary)

19. CALCULATION OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE The weighted grade points of an answer = Grade Points × Weightage Type of Question Grade awarded Grade point Weightage Weighted grade points Essay A 4 4 16 Short essay B 3 2 6 Short answer A 4 1 4 Objective type A 4 1 4

20. ARITHMETIC OF GRADING: Objective type (Example) Type of questions Qn. Nos Grade awarded Grade points Weightage Weighted grade points Objective 1-4 B 3 1 3 5-8 A 4 1 4 9-12 A 4 1 4 13-16 C 2 1 2

21. ARITHMETIC OF GRADING: Short Questions (Example) Type of question Qn. Nos Grade awarded Grade points Weightage Weighted grade points Short Answer 17 C 2 1 2 18 B 3 1 3 19 A 4 1 4 20 D 1 1 1 21 A 4 1 4

22. ARITHMETIC OF GRADING: Short Essay (Example) Type of question Qn. Nos Grade awarded Grade points Weightage Weighted grade points Short Essay 22 B 3 2 6 23 E 0 2 0 24 B 3 2 6 25 A 4 2 8

23. ARITHMETIC OF GRADING: Long Essay (Example) Type of question Qn. Nos Grade awarded Grade points Weightage Weighted grade points Long Essay 26 B 3 4 12 27 D 1 4 4

24. Calculation of Overall Grade of a model answer paper Type of questions Qn. Nos Grade awarded Grade points Weightage Weighted grade points Objective 1-4 B 3 1 3 5-8 A 4 1 4 9-12 A 4 1 4 13-16 C 2 1 2 Short Answer 17 C 2 1 2 18 B 3 1 3 19 A 4 1 4 20 D 1 1 1 21 A 4 1 4 Short essay 22 B 3 2 6 23 E 0 2 0 24 B 3 2 6 25 A 4 2 8 Long essay 26 B 3 4 12 27 D 1 4 4 Total 25 63 Calculation : Overall grade of an answer paper = Sum of weighted grade points ÷ Sum of the weightage = 63 ÷ 25= 2.52= Grade B

25. CALCULATING OVERALL GRADE OF A COURSE (Theory)

26. CALCULATING OVERALL GRADE OF A COURSE

27. SEVEN POINT SCALE FOR CERTIFICATION Grade Grade range A + 3.8 to 4 A 3.5 to 3.79 B + 3 to 3.49 B 2.5 to 2.99 C + 2to 2.49 C 1.5 to 1.99 D .5 to 1.49

28. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Minimum of D grade is required in all courses C+ above is required for awarding degree certificate