The document summarizes the history and components of the Global Positioning System (GPS). It began as a naval system in 1960 and became fully operational in 1995. GPS uses 24 satellites that orbit Earth every 12 hours. It has three segments - space, control, and user. The space segment consists of satellites with atomic clocks. The control segment includes ground stations that track satellites and upload data. The user segment is made up of receivers that detect satellite signals to determine location. GPS provides location services worldwide to both military and civilian users for applications like navigation.

3. History
 1960- Find ideas Positioning Satellites America by the Navy under the DOD
(Department of Defense America).
 1974- Other branches of military to join it and the formation NAVASTAR.
 1978- The first GPS satellite launched into space.
 1994- NAVSTAR 24 numerical network was completed.
 1995- Operating the system.
Each satellite has a life of about 10 to 15 years after which it is replaced.

4. GPS ?
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and
time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line
of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The system provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial
users around the world. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible to anyone
with a GPS receiver.

5. Types of Global Positioning System :
 GPS
 GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System)
 NNSS (Naval Navigation Satellite System)
 DOPLLER
 GALILO
 GNSS
 etc

6. 1. space segmet
2. control segment
3. user segment
The structure of Global
Positioning System :

7. 1. space segment
 Number of satellites
 Speed ​​Satellite
 Distance from Earth
 Rotation period
 Orbit
 Clock
 Signal power submissions
 Angle Desire
 Nutrition
 Each satellite weighs
 Satellite life time
6 ovals each containing 4 Satellit
11500 km/h
24 + 4 Reserve
20200 km
Each 12 hours
Based atomic clock 10.23 MHz
50 Watt
Almost 2,000 pounds (907.18474 kg) and 18/5 m wide satellite.
55 degrees relative to the equator
Length of 5.5 m with battery storage, solar cells,
solar eclipse time or shade.
10 years
Nuclear reactor to maintain the satellite orbit satellites yocket booster

8. 2. control segment
 Ground control station that includes 5 main station is located in Colorado, America and four
monitoring stations in other parts of the world.
 The coordinates of these stations using VLBI (designated by the quasars long distances) and SLR
(Satellite metering laser radiation) is exactly identified.
 Satellite information database through the station to the satellite is injected.
Hawaii
Kwajalein
Ascension Island
Dygvgarsya
Colorado
The third
point on
earth
Control station
Monitoring
station
Transmit station

9. 3. user segment
Includes of two parts:
1. BTS
2. Receiver
Error S.A :
Authorized users
Unauthorized users
Applications to help processors using data from at least three satellites, X, Y specifies the
location of the antenna.

10. Types of baseline levels in height :
 Physical
 Oval
 The average sea level (M.S.L)
At least four satellites to be seen by the receiver Z (H) is also calculated.

11.  Collection services in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world at all hours of the day are available.
 The creators of the system, no fee for users not in use, it's free.
 Error of less than 1 ppm for short lengths (1-100 km) for lengths over 100 kilometers of error is equal to 2ppm.
 Establish criteria for determining sight between the different stations where they are not.
Pros :

12. Restrictions:
 Satellite signals luxuriant vegetation, rocks, buildings and ... will not it pass. (Map and compass in the solution phase).
 S.A error reduces the accuracy of the system for ordinary users to tune.
 Error atmosphere (troposphere and ionosphere) decrease the accuracy.
 Mbyvty error (Ambiguity).
 Satellites are visible, the elevation angle due to refractive error
Yunysfr between 10 and 15 degrees.
Elevation Musk Angle

13. GPS performance
Control station
Monitoring
station
Transmit station
L1=1575.42 MHz
L2=1227.60 MHz
Binary codes=C/A , P
, Y
Satellite ephemerisb
clock information
Sat No. =RPN(1-32)
FSK
Modulation
 Determining afmryzes and position satellites
than coordinates of geodetic &Zhyusntryk
Tracking satellites visible
Data collected interval
Analyze this information and update
Afmryz
modification
orientation and
concurrency
again
upload

14. The use of GPS :
 Military Use
 Civilian use

15.  Military Use :
 Ballistic guided missiles ICBM
 Signalman the artillery
 Air Force prey planes
 …

16.  Civilian use :
 Mapping
 Cadastre
 Transport control
 Control of tectonic movements
 Operations The rescue
 Rally Car Racing
 GIS
 …
A. Terrestrial use of :

17.  Navigation
 Hydrography
 Determining naval platforms to Oil Company
 Determination of position the Coral Island
 Mine detection and scan the sea
 …
B. Terrestrial use of :

18.  Photogrammetry
 Control of satellites remote sensing
 Aviation
 …
C. Terrestrial use of :

19. (NNSS( Naval Navigation Satellite System
Global Positioning Systems Other
6 satellite at an altitude of 1075 km.
Earth's rotation period around 107 minutes, have two Carrier Frequency MHz 400
and 150MHz.
Accuracy of a few centimeters after 2 h.
A system of waves is interrupted once every two minutes.
Since 1995, was not injected information to satellites.

20. (Glonass( Global Navigation Satellite System
Global Positioning Systems Other
24 satellites in the 3 elliptical orbits
Satellites have 19100 kilometers distance of from Earth
Rotation period of 11 hours and 15 minutes
Tilt 64.8 °
L1 = 1602.5625 MHz and L2 = 1246.4375
PRC Code satellites are the same.
Made in Russia, and its ground control stations in the country.