KADI SARVA VISHWAVIDHYALA 
S.K.PATEL INSTITUTE OF 
MANAGEMENT & COMPUTER STUDIES
SUBJECT:- ECONOMICS FOR MANAGERS 
Topic:- Applications of economic concepts to the 
Godrej/electronics 
Prepared By:- 
Name DIV Roll No 
Bhuva Sunil L. A 11 
Jivani Dhaval V. A 36 
Katariya Mehul N. A 40 
Kukadiya Gunjan V. A 47 
Mandavia Dhaval G. A 50 
Submitted On:- Submitted To:- 
21st Nov.2013 Prof. Sonu Gupta
 Type : Public 
 Industry : Conglomerate 
 Founded : 1897 
 Founder : Ardeshir Godrej 
 Piroisha Godrej 
 Headquarters : Mumbai,Maharastra,India 
 Area served :Worldwide 
 Key people : Adi Godrej (Chairman) 
 Nadir Godrej 
 Products : Real estate,FMCG,Industrial engineering, 
 Appliances,Furniture,Security,Agricare 
 Revenue : RS.21600 crore(US$3.3billion) (2013) 
 Employees : 26000 (2013) 
 Website : www.godrej.com
Vision 
“Be the most trusted solution provider in electrical and 
electrical technologies” 
Mission 
“Energizing industry through advance technology”
Structures of Godrej Company:
ABOUT COMPANY 
 The Godrej Group is an Indian conglomerate headquartered in Mumabai, 
Maharashtr,india, managed and largely owned by the Godrej family. It was 
founded by Ardeshir Godrej Pirojsha Godrej in 1897, and operates in 
sectors as diverse as real estate, consumer products, industrial engineering, 
appliances, furniture, security and agricultural products.Subsidiaries and 
affiliated companies include Godrej Industries and its subsidiaries Godrej 
Consumer Products , Godrej Agrovet , and Godrej Properties , as well as the 
private holding company
TIME LINE 
 1897 - Godrej is established in 1897 
 1902 - Godrej makes its first Indian Safe 
 1918 - Godrej Soaps Limited incorporated 
 1961- Godrej Started Manufacturing Forklift Trucks in India 
 1971- Godrej Agrovet Limited began as an Animal Feeds division of Godrej Soaps 
 1974 - Veg oils division inWadala, Mumbai acquired 
 1990 - Godrej Properties Limited, another subsidiary, established 
 1991 - Foods business started 
 1994 - Transelektra Domestic Products acquired 
 1995 - Transelektra forged a strategic alliance with Sara Lee USA 
 1999 - Transelektra renamed Godrej Sara Lee Limited and incorporated Godrej Infotech Ltd. 
 2001 - Godrej Consumer Products was formed as a result of the demerger of Godrej Soaps Limited. Godrej Soaps 
renamed Godrej Industries Limited 
 2002 - Godrej Tea Limited set up 
 2003 - Entered the BPO solutions and services space with Godrej Global Solutions Limited 
 2004 - Godrej HiCare Limited set up to provide a Safe Healthy Environment to customers by providing professional pest 
management services 
 2006 - Foods business was merged with Godrej Tea and Godrej Tea renamed Godrej Beverages & Foods Limited 
 2007 - Godrej Beverages & Foods Limited formed a JV with The Hershey Company of North America and the company 
was renamed Godrej Hershey Foods & Beverages Limited 
 2008 - Godrej relaunched itself with new colourful logo and a fresh identity music 
 2010 - Godrej launched GoJiyo a free, browser based 3D virtual world 
 2011 - Godrej & Boyce shuts down its typewritermanufacturing plant, the last in the world.
OPERATIONS OF GODREJ 
 Chemical & Commodities 
Chemicals 
Veg Oils 
 FMCG 
Godrej Consumer Products 
Keyline Brands UK 
Rapidol South Africa 
Godrej Global Mideast FZE 
Godrej SCA Hygiene Limited 
Godrej Hershey Foods & Beverages Limited 
Nutrine 
Godrej Sara Lee
 AGRI 
Godrej Agrovet 
 Animal Feeds 
 Goldmohur Foods and Feeds 
 Golden Feed Products 
 Higashimaru Feed Products 
 Oil Palm 
 Agri Inputs 
 Godrej Aadhaar 
 Nature's Basket 
 Integrated Poultry Business 
 Plant Biotech 
 Services 
Godrej HiCare (Pest Management Services) 
Godrej Global Solutions (ITES) 
Godrej Properties
BOARD MEMBERS 
Adi Godrej is the Chairman of the Godrej Group and several entities that are part of one 
of India’s leading conglomerates. These include Indian companies like Godrej Industries, 
Godrej Consumer Products, Godrej Properties as well as international companies such as 
Keyline Brands U.K and Rapidol South Africa. He is also the Chairman of The Board of 
trustees of Dadabhai Navroji’s Memorial Fund. 
As a Director of numerous firms, including Godrej & Boyce, Godrej Agrovet, Godrej 
International and Godrej Global MidEast FZE he is responsible for shaping the long term 
strategy for these organizations and driving a focus on value creation. 
Over the last five decades Adi has played an important role in the development of a 
variety of industries by leading key organizations of trade and commerce as the former 
Chairman and President of the Indian Soap & Toiletries Makers’ Association, the Central 
Organisation for Oil Industry and Trade, the Solvent Extractors’ Association of India, the 
Compound Livestock Feeds Manufacturers’ Association, the Indo-American Society and 
as member of the Governing Board of the National Council of the Confederation of Indian 
Industry. 

 Nadir Godrej Mohan Pusalkar 
 Naushad Forbes Jamshyd Godrej 
 Kavas Petigara Vijay Crishna 
 Kersi Dastur Tanya Dubash 
 Amit Choudhury Nitin Nabar 
 Saleem Ahmadullah Keki Elavia 
Management Team 
 Adi Godrej 
 Nadir Godrej 
 Tanya Dubash 
 Nisaba Godrej 
 Pirojsha Godrej 
 A. Mahendran 
 A. Mahendran 
 Balram Yadav
CH-1 PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS 
(1) Company face trade off in making a investments inmarketing 
for new launches. 
For launching or making a new investment in electricals and 
appliance company face trade off that that they assure more output 
with a same level of input means showing an efficiency. 
The chairman of a company,Adi Godrej belive that company’s 
strong performance is a reflaction of a clear strategic focus and 
superior execution with more productive efficiency. 
Company also except our profit performance to improve on the 
back of stronger traction from their launches and favourable input 
Prices.
(2) Cost of something is what one giveup (Opportunity Cost) to get 
it 
It is related to a decision of company’s investment proposal 
and project undertakings. 
Company taking a decision related to investment more in 
a Properties , Chemicals , Services and Agro businesses rather than 
Electricals and Consumer goods. 
Even though company established a good position inconsumer 
Goods, in present year they go with a higher investment and different 
strategic decisions related to the different isuues of products category 
and its development. 
In a tough operating environment,company’s endeavour focus 
On represent the company’s growth and opportunity in diverse array of 
Business.
(3) Rational People think at the Margin 
For analysing Cost-benefit godrej company always look for a 
how muh is the net addition in different services and products offered 
by them. 
During the time, they also go through the rational behavior of the 
customer and purchasing power of the customer. 
ex. Cost of purchasing consumer durables or purchasing of electricals. 
there is a historical cost is occurred in company’s different 
initiatives and other under takings but here hstorical (sunk) cost is not 
considered. 
Total Revenue= RS.21600 crore 
Implicit costs of Godrej Electricals = 3200 crore 
Explicit costs of Godrej Electricals = 4400 crore
(4) People respond to Incentives 
It represents a something that includes a person to act towards a 
incentives given by a company. 
Godrej provides a incentives towards large purchase of by 
customers of electricals products and also provides a festival discount on 
a special offer to purchase of a products of Godrej Electronics. 
Peoples also prefer to puchase a products provided or offered bya 
Godrej Electricals and other consumer durables. 
Positive economic incentives reward people financially for making 
certain choices and behaving in a certain way. 
Coupons, sales, freebies, discounts, and rewards can be positive 
economic incentives.
(5) Trade can make every one better off 
It represents a rather than being self-sufficient,people can 
specialised in producing one good or services andexchange it for 
other goods. 
Godrej electricals make a import and export with a European 
countries,Asia,Africa,LatinAmerica. 
Godrej electricals get a raw materials from this companies and 
also supply a finished product in this company for their product 
accomplishment and Future business relations. 
Indonesia is also one of the greater supplier of raw material to 
the Godrej electricals and other group of Godrej companies.
(6) Markets are usually a good way to organised economic activity 
In a business and corporate world Godrej electrical have 
large many no. of byuer and seller in terms of a supplier and customer 
In india there is a mixed economy so according to company 
also decide a what to produce,how to produce and how much to 
produce and also decide a potential buyer to buy a products of a 
Company’s portfolio. 
In a particular situation, company also follow capitalism 
situation which is market oriented towards a company’s product. 
Due to BRICS agreement of INDIA,Godrej electronics has to 
follow a guidelines and norms regarding a trade agrrement and also 
perform according to market scenario.
(7) Goverments can some times improve market outcomes 
Due to indian governments acts Godrej electronics also follows 
act like: 
MRTP act 
FEMA act 
FERA act and many more. 
Due to governments improvement godrej relax a fair amount of import 
and export duties .Government also provide a certain subsidiy on a 
particular product produce by a company. 
Government also control over black marketing of a product 
Government also make a restriction of Godrej’s chemical Pollution 
which is harmful to people and society as a whole. 
Government also monitor the external operations of the Godrej 
electronics
(8) A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to 
produce goods & services 
India is such a country that per capita income is high 
compare to under developed countries and that shows the peoples of 
a country are capable enough to purchase or consume a products 
that serves by a companies. 
Purchasing power parity of a people decide that their standard of 
living and its way. 
Due to country’s higher standard of living ,companies have good 
equipment to produce a good,skillfull employees and well equipped 
technology. 
Godrej company is such that they take a advantage of this such 
environment with producing a qualitable products at fair prices.
(9) Prices rice when government prints too much money 
When there is a supply of a money is increased in a market 
therfore, inflation also may increased substantially and governments 
needs to solve this problem with a following: 
- Demand pool inflation 
- Cost pool inflation 
Godrej Electronics mainly deals with a demand pool inflation because 
of company ‘s qualitable products with a greater productivity to 
produce a product. 
In the inverse relationships of a inflation and unemployment company 
can some times benefited also by tackling in a boom and recession 
period to take care of suppplier and customer of a company.
(10) Society faces a short term trade off between inflation and 
unemployment 
Inflation means increased in the general level of prices. 
In a inflation company can’t sell a product as sell in normal days 
because of that company’s efficiency decrease and it may cause 
overall effect of a companies production cycle. 
In a unemployment people not have a much saving due to not having a 
employment and because of this peoples efficiency to purchase is 
decrease and due to demand of company’s product is also decreased. 
Due to all reason company’s effectiveness may cause and company 
can not take a right decision and due to society face a short term 
tradeoff
CH-2 THINKING LIKE AN ECONOMIST 
Production Possibilities Frontier: 
Point on graph Production 
PIRE PDS 
A 500 0 
B 400 1000 
C 250 2500 
 Production Posibility curves shows whether resources used 
judiciusly or not. 
 It determines the Develop,underdevelop and developing 
economy.
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATIONS OF PPF
CH-4 MARKET FORCES OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND 
Products of a Godrej Electronics : 
 Industrial Electronics & Automation (IEA) 
 Compressed Air Solutions (CAS) 
 Power Infrastructure and Renewable Energy (PIRE) 
 Power Distribution Solutions (PDS) 
 Green Building Consultancy Services (GBCS) 
Substitutes of Godrej Electronics Product: 
Industrial Electronics & Automation (IEA) 
AC motor drive/Inverter 
AC Servo Motor and Drive 
Temperature controller 
Programmable logic controller, PLC
(2) Compressed Air Solutions (CAS) 
o Energy Audits & Reports 
o Energy Saving Control Systems 
(3) Power Infrastructure and Renewable Energy (PIRE) 
o Electrical Solutions for Residential & Commercial 
o Electrical Solutions for Industries 
(4) Power Distribution Solutions (PDS) 
o Godrej Electrak Lighting Trunking 
o Under Floor Trunking 
o Overhead Trunking 
(5) Green Building Consultancy Services (GBCS) 
o Green Building Design Consultancy 
o Building Simulations 
o Building Commissioning Services
Complementary goods of Godrej Electronics: 
o Compressed air dryer 
o Automatic drain valves 
o PLC Automation 
o Machine Automation 
o Air Insulated Substations 
o Transmission Lines
Controllable factors of Godrej’s product: 
 Price of commodity 
 Choices & Preference of a customer 
 Availability of a product 
 Seasonal demand of a product 
 Sales after services 
Uncontrollable factors of Godrej’s product: 
 Income of a consumer 
 Price of substitute 
 Designs of electrical machines 
 Demand of a electrical equipments

economic concepts to the Godrej/electronics

  • 1.
    KADI SARVA VISHWAVIDHYALA S.K.PATEL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & COMPUTER STUDIES
  • 2.
    SUBJECT:- ECONOMICS FORMANAGERS Topic:- Applications of economic concepts to the Godrej/electronics Prepared By:- Name DIV Roll No Bhuva Sunil L. A 11 Jivani Dhaval V. A 36 Katariya Mehul N. A 40 Kukadiya Gunjan V. A 47 Mandavia Dhaval G. A 50 Submitted On:- Submitted To:- 21st Nov.2013 Prof. Sonu Gupta
  • 3.
     Type :Public  Industry : Conglomerate  Founded : 1897  Founder : Ardeshir Godrej  Piroisha Godrej  Headquarters : Mumbai,Maharastra,India  Area served :Worldwide  Key people : Adi Godrej (Chairman)  Nadir Godrej  Products : Real estate,FMCG,Industrial engineering,  Appliances,Furniture,Security,Agricare  Revenue : RS.21600 crore(US$3.3billion) (2013)  Employees : 26000 (2013)  Website : www.godrej.com
  • 4.
    Vision “Be themost trusted solution provider in electrical and electrical technologies” Mission “Energizing industry through advance technology”
  • 5.
  • 6.
    ABOUT COMPANY The Godrej Group is an Indian conglomerate headquartered in Mumabai, Maharashtr,india, managed and largely owned by the Godrej family. It was founded by Ardeshir Godrej Pirojsha Godrej in 1897, and operates in sectors as diverse as real estate, consumer products, industrial engineering, appliances, furniture, security and agricultural products.Subsidiaries and affiliated companies include Godrej Industries and its subsidiaries Godrej Consumer Products , Godrej Agrovet , and Godrej Properties , as well as the private holding company
  • 7.
    TIME LINE 1897 - Godrej is established in 1897  1902 - Godrej makes its first Indian Safe  1918 - Godrej Soaps Limited incorporated  1961- Godrej Started Manufacturing Forklift Trucks in India  1971- Godrej Agrovet Limited began as an Animal Feeds division of Godrej Soaps  1974 - Veg oils division inWadala, Mumbai acquired  1990 - Godrej Properties Limited, another subsidiary, established  1991 - Foods business started  1994 - Transelektra Domestic Products acquired  1995 - Transelektra forged a strategic alliance with Sara Lee USA  1999 - Transelektra renamed Godrej Sara Lee Limited and incorporated Godrej Infotech Ltd.  2001 - Godrej Consumer Products was formed as a result of the demerger of Godrej Soaps Limited. Godrej Soaps renamed Godrej Industries Limited  2002 - Godrej Tea Limited set up  2003 - Entered the BPO solutions and services space with Godrej Global Solutions Limited  2004 - Godrej HiCare Limited set up to provide a Safe Healthy Environment to customers by providing professional pest management services  2006 - Foods business was merged with Godrej Tea and Godrej Tea renamed Godrej Beverages & Foods Limited  2007 - Godrej Beverages & Foods Limited formed a JV with The Hershey Company of North America and the company was renamed Godrej Hershey Foods & Beverages Limited  2008 - Godrej relaunched itself with new colourful logo and a fresh identity music  2010 - Godrej launched GoJiyo a free, browser based 3D virtual world  2011 - Godrej & Boyce shuts down its typewritermanufacturing plant, the last in the world.
  • 8.
    OPERATIONS OF GODREJ  Chemical & Commodities Chemicals Veg Oils  FMCG Godrej Consumer Products Keyline Brands UK Rapidol South Africa Godrej Global Mideast FZE Godrej SCA Hygiene Limited Godrej Hershey Foods & Beverages Limited Nutrine Godrej Sara Lee
  • 9.
     AGRI GodrejAgrovet  Animal Feeds  Goldmohur Foods and Feeds  Golden Feed Products  Higashimaru Feed Products  Oil Palm  Agri Inputs  Godrej Aadhaar  Nature's Basket  Integrated Poultry Business  Plant Biotech  Services Godrej HiCare (Pest Management Services) Godrej Global Solutions (ITES) Godrej Properties
  • 10.
    BOARD MEMBERS AdiGodrej is the Chairman of the Godrej Group and several entities that are part of one of India’s leading conglomerates. These include Indian companies like Godrej Industries, Godrej Consumer Products, Godrej Properties as well as international companies such as Keyline Brands U.K and Rapidol South Africa. He is also the Chairman of The Board of trustees of Dadabhai Navroji’s Memorial Fund. As a Director of numerous firms, including Godrej & Boyce, Godrej Agrovet, Godrej International and Godrej Global MidEast FZE he is responsible for shaping the long term strategy for these organizations and driving a focus on value creation. Over the last five decades Adi has played an important role in the development of a variety of industries by leading key organizations of trade and commerce as the former Chairman and President of the Indian Soap & Toiletries Makers’ Association, the Central Organisation for Oil Industry and Trade, the Solvent Extractors’ Association of India, the Compound Livestock Feeds Manufacturers’ Association, the Indo-American Society and as member of the Governing Board of the National Council of the Confederation of Indian Industry. 
  • 11.
     Nadir GodrejMohan Pusalkar  Naushad Forbes Jamshyd Godrej  Kavas Petigara Vijay Crishna  Kersi Dastur Tanya Dubash  Amit Choudhury Nitin Nabar  Saleem Ahmadullah Keki Elavia Management Team  Adi Godrej  Nadir Godrej  Tanya Dubash  Nisaba Godrej  Pirojsha Godrej  A. Mahendran  A. Mahendran  Balram Yadav
  • 12.
    CH-1 PRINCIPLES OFECONOMICS (1) Company face trade off in making a investments inmarketing for new launches. For launching or making a new investment in electricals and appliance company face trade off that that they assure more output with a same level of input means showing an efficiency. The chairman of a company,Adi Godrej belive that company’s strong performance is a reflaction of a clear strategic focus and superior execution with more productive efficiency. Company also except our profit performance to improve on the back of stronger traction from their launches and favourable input Prices.
  • 13.
    (2) Cost ofsomething is what one giveup (Opportunity Cost) to get it It is related to a decision of company’s investment proposal and project undertakings. Company taking a decision related to investment more in a Properties , Chemicals , Services and Agro businesses rather than Electricals and Consumer goods. Even though company established a good position inconsumer Goods, in present year they go with a higher investment and different strategic decisions related to the different isuues of products category and its development. In a tough operating environment,company’s endeavour focus On represent the company’s growth and opportunity in diverse array of Business.
  • 14.
    (3) Rational Peoplethink at the Margin For analysing Cost-benefit godrej company always look for a how muh is the net addition in different services and products offered by them. During the time, they also go through the rational behavior of the customer and purchasing power of the customer. ex. Cost of purchasing consumer durables or purchasing of electricals. there is a historical cost is occurred in company’s different initiatives and other under takings but here hstorical (sunk) cost is not considered. Total Revenue= RS.21600 crore Implicit costs of Godrej Electricals = 3200 crore Explicit costs of Godrej Electricals = 4400 crore
  • 15.
    (4) People respondto Incentives It represents a something that includes a person to act towards a incentives given by a company. Godrej provides a incentives towards large purchase of by customers of electricals products and also provides a festival discount on a special offer to purchase of a products of Godrej Electronics. Peoples also prefer to puchase a products provided or offered bya Godrej Electricals and other consumer durables. Positive economic incentives reward people financially for making certain choices and behaving in a certain way. Coupons, sales, freebies, discounts, and rewards can be positive economic incentives.
  • 16.
    (5) Trade canmake every one better off It represents a rather than being self-sufficient,people can specialised in producing one good or services andexchange it for other goods. Godrej electricals make a import and export with a European countries,Asia,Africa,LatinAmerica. Godrej electricals get a raw materials from this companies and also supply a finished product in this company for their product accomplishment and Future business relations. Indonesia is also one of the greater supplier of raw material to the Godrej electricals and other group of Godrej companies.
  • 17.
    (6) Markets areusually a good way to organised economic activity In a business and corporate world Godrej electrical have large many no. of byuer and seller in terms of a supplier and customer In india there is a mixed economy so according to company also decide a what to produce,how to produce and how much to produce and also decide a potential buyer to buy a products of a Company’s portfolio. In a particular situation, company also follow capitalism situation which is market oriented towards a company’s product. Due to BRICS agreement of INDIA,Godrej electronics has to follow a guidelines and norms regarding a trade agrrement and also perform according to market scenario.
  • 18.
    (7) Goverments cansome times improve market outcomes Due to indian governments acts Godrej electronics also follows act like: MRTP act FEMA act FERA act and many more. Due to governments improvement godrej relax a fair amount of import and export duties .Government also provide a certain subsidiy on a particular product produce by a company. Government also control over black marketing of a product Government also make a restriction of Godrej’s chemical Pollution which is harmful to people and society as a whole. Government also monitor the external operations of the Godrej electronics
  • 19.
    (8) A country’sstandard of living depends on its ability to produce goods & services India is such a country that per capita income is high compare to under developed countries and that shows the peoples of a country are capable enough to purchase or consume a products that serves by a companies. Purchasing power parity of a people decide that their standard of living and its way. Due to country’s higher standard of living ,companies have good equipment to produce a good,skillfull employees and well equipped technology. Godrej company is such that they take a advantage of this such environment with producing a qualitable products at fair prices.
  • 20.
    (9) Prices ricewhen government prints too much money When there is a supply of a money is increased in a market therfore, inflation also may increased substantially and governments needs to solve this problem with a following: - Demand pool inflation - Cost pool inflation Godrej Electronics mainly deals with a demand pool inflation because of company ‘s qualitable products with a greater productivity to produce a product. In the inverse relationships of a inflation and unemployment company can some times benefited also by tackling in a boom and recession period to take care of suppplier and customer of a company.
  • 21.
    (10) Society facesa short term trade off between inflation and unemployment Inflation means increased in the general level of prices. In a inflation company can’t sell a product as sell in normal days because of that company’s efficiency decrease and it may cause overall effect of a companies production cycle. In a unemployment people not have a much saving due to not having a employment and because of this peoples efficiency to purchase is decrease and due to demand of company’s product is also decreased. Due to all reason company’s effectiveness may cause and company can not take a right decision and due to society face a short term tradeoff
  • 22.
    CH-2 THINKING LIKEAN ECONOMIST Production Possibilities Frontier: Point on graph Production PIRE PDS A 500 0 B 400 1000 C 250 2500  Production Posibility curves shows whether resources used judiciusly or not.  It determines the Develop,underdevelop and developing economy.
  • 23.
  • 24.
    CH-4 MARKET FORCESOF SUPPLY AND DEMAND Products of a Godrej Electronics :  Industrial Electronics & Automation (IEA)  Compressed Air Solutions (CAS)  Power Infrastructure and Renewable Energy (PIRE)  Power Distribution Solutions (PDS)  Green Building Consultancy Services (GBCS) Substitutes of Godrej Electronics Product: Industrial Electronics & Automation (IEA) AC motor drive/Inverter AC Servo Motor and Drive Temperature controller Programmable logic controller, PLC
  • 25.
    (2) Compressed AirSolutions (CAS) o Energy Audits & Reports o Energy Saving Control Systems (3) Power Infrastructure and Renewable Energy (PIRE) o Electrical Solutions for Residential & Commercial o Electrical Solutions for Industries (4) Power Distribution Solutions (PDS) o Godrej Electrak Lighting Trunking o Under Floor Trunking o Overhead Trunking (5) Green Building Consultancy Services (GBCS) o Green Building Design Consultancy o Building Simulations o Building Commissioning Services
  • 26.
    Complementary goods ofGodrej Electronics: o Compressed air dryer o Automatic drain valves o PLC Automation o Machine Automation o Air Insulated Substations o Transmission Lines
  • 27.
    Controllable factors ofGodrej’s product:  Price of commodity  Choices & Preference of a customer  Availability of a product  Seasonal demand of a product  Sales after services Uncontrollable factors of Godrej’s product:  Income of a consumer  Price of substitute  Designs of electrical machines  Demand of a electrical equipments