Globalization has led to increased interconnectedness between societies and opportunities for transnational crime. It has created a large global criminal economy worth over $1 trillion annually, which includes activities like arms trafficking, smuggling of people, drugs and other illegal goods, cybercrime, money laundering, and sex tourism that connect various countries. Globalization has also changed how crime is organized, with looser networks operating across borders yet still rooted locally. Some sociologists argue that globalization's spread of neoliberal capitalism and deregulation has exacerbated inequality and insecurity, fueling demand for illicit goods and new opportunities for large-scale criminal activities.
Before analyzing Freud’s Understanding of Religion , it is important to understand certain things
concerning him. First, Freud has a religious background. He had parents who were devout
Catholics and Jews. As such, Freud understood religion properly. Thinking that he argued about
this matter from an atheist basis would be wrong (Paloutzian & Park 2005, p. 82).
What is worth noting is that Freud was a good scholar because he underwent formal training in
languages and medicines. When it comes to religion, his understanding was that it was a means
that was developed by humans to serve as a method of controlling the sensory world.
- See more at: http://www.customwritingservice.org/blog/freuds-understanding-of-religion/
Before analyzing Freud’s Understanding of Religion , it is important to understand certain things
concerning him. First, Freud has a religious background. He had parents who were devout
Catholics and Jews. As such, Freud understood religion properly. Thinking that he argued about
this matter from an atheist basis would be wrong (Paloutzian & Park 2005, p. 82).
What is worth noting is that Freud was a good scholar because he underwent formal training in
languages and medicines. When it comes to religion, his understanding was that it was a means
that was developed by humans to serve as a method of controlling the sensory world.
- See more at: http://www.customwritingservice.org/blog/freuds-understanding-of-religion/
250 words agree or disagreeWeek 5 ForumMaiwand Khyber(Jul .docxvickeryr87
250 words agree or disagree
Week 5 Forum
Maiwand Khyber(Jul 31, 2019 1:01 PM) - Read by: 1
Reply
Organized crime refers to the crime conducted by local, national, or international groupings. These groups are highly centralized enterprises and are run by criminals who are engaged in illegal conduct for profit intention. They have an organized hierarchy, non-ideological motives, and are governed by rules and codes (Jones and Bartlett Learning, n.d.).
Three major types of organized crime include gang criminality, racketeering, and syndicate crime. Gang criminals are usually engaged in local offense like robbery, vehicle theft, kidnapping, ransom, and murder. They are hardened criminals who are dangerous to society. Racketeering is an activity in which the criminal gang is involved in extorting money from legitimate as well as illegitimate businesses by the use of intimidation. It consists in selling adulterated commodities, deceiving people, selling spurious drugs, and so forth. Racketeers usually don’t take away all profits and share it with the owners of businesses. In return, they want fixed money from the owners of illegal activities and allow prostitution, liquor selling, and gambling to continue unabated. Syndicate crime refers to the furnishing of unlawful goods and services by organized criminal groups, often known as mafia. Illegal products include liquor and drugs, while illicit services involve trafficking of girls, gambling, and so forth.
Several groups as The Cosa Nostra, The Russian mafia, The Mexican drug cartels, and The Asian Organized Crime Groups have been considered as criminal groups involved in the organized crime at national and transnational levels. International criminal groups operate under various structures with stable hierarchies and network. They try to influence government policies by using corrupt as well as legitimate methods (The United States Department of Justice, 2015).
With changing industrial contours, organized crime has also shifted from traditional ways to tech-savvy crimes (example: cybercrime). It has exploited technological advancements and communication strategies to expand cross-border. This high-tech realm has made many crimes an international threat rather than a local danger. Today, these crimes are conducted by nimble and loosely structured groups that have a global reach. Refined telephone networks have fostered rapid communication, thereby revolutionizing the illicit commerce (Bjelopera & Finklea, 2012).
While technology has facilitated the growth of organized crime, challenges posed by technological advancements in tracking and investigating organized crime need special mention. Investigation of cases has become difficult because of the sophisticated screening options as firewalls. In a drug investigation case that was carried out jointly by the United States and Colombian authorities, it was found that the presence of the firewall made it intricate for authorities to reach them.
This is a presentation including everything about the Globalisation of crime in A2 sociology course; Crime and Deviance as well as some extra notes on state crime/human rights violations. This is used to teach students along side worksheet.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Freedom fron Fear October 2008 First Issue. Magazine published by UNICRI and MPIDaniel Dufourt
Freedom fron Fear October 2008 First Issue.
Magazine published by United Nations
Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute
and MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE
for Foreign and International Criminal Law
This ppt file contains complete information about galobalization and its very simple to present because its very relitive to the topic.
I present this to my class and got 10/10.
Its well designed and much easy to view the whole globalization .Its contains detaid information about globalization causes of globalization effects of globalization law of globalization and analysis of advantages and disadvantages of globalization.
I you pick this presentation you just need to change the name because it don't have unrelated constants.
Changing society and globalisation – new threats and opportunities, Dr Liz C...Martin Jack
This session looks at the changing nature of society, both in the UK and globally, in an effort to identify new threats and opportunities relating to serious and organised crime. Social, political, demographic and technological changes will be described, and their implications for the nature and commission of serious and organised crime explored. The concept of globalisation will be explained, in addition to its causes and possible effects on crime and state reactions. This session will flag up particular types of threats (such as cybercrime) and will consider opportunities, both in terms of potential criminality but also state and private responses.
Take away points
The pervasiveness of technology and the speed of change requires us to revise our orthodox interpretations of crime and workable reactions.
Inequalities and unevenness in the economy, politics, culture, and legal regulation contribute to criminality and threat levels.
The public complicity in some serious and organised crime must be addressed.
2. Lesson Objectives
• To understand the ways in which globalisation
and crime are related.
• To investigate what Sociologists can tell us
about green crime
• Look at the relationship between state crimes
and human rights
3. • Globalisation- refers to the increasing
Interconnectedness of societies: what
happens in one locality is shaped by distant
events and vice versa
• Globalisation has many causes including the
spread of new ICT and the influence of the
global mass media, cheap air travel and the
deregulation of financial and other markets
4. Activity
• Using the globalisation and crime starter sheet
link up the type of crime to its definition.
5. The global criminal economy
• Held et al claimed that there had been a
globalisation of crime. The increasing
interconnectedness of crime across national
borders, and the spread of transnational
organised crime.
• Globalisation creates new opportunities for
crime, new means of committing crime and
new offences e.g. Various cyber crimes
6. • Castells (1998) argues there is a global
criminal economy worth over £1 trillion per
annum
• There is both a demand side (West) and a
supply side (Third World Countries)
• The global criminal economy could not
function without a supply side that provides
drugs, sex workers etc
• This takes many forms:
19. Global Risk Consciousness
• Globalisation creates new insecurities or ‘risk
consciousness’. Risk is seen as global rather than tied
to particular places e.g. Economic migrants and asylum
seekers fleeing persecution have given rise to anxieties
in western countries about risks of C&D and need to
protect borders
• Along with media creating moral panics- negative coverage
of immigrants- leads to hate crimes
• Leading to intensification of social control at the
national level- UK tightening border controls
• Another result of globalised risk is the increased
attempts at international cooperation & control in
various ‘wars’ on terror, drugs & crime
20. Globalisation, Capitalism and Crime
• From a Marxist perspective, Taylor (1997) argues
that by giving free reign to market forces
globalisation has led to greater inequality and
rising crime
• Transactional corporations (TNCs) can now
switch manufacturing to low wage countries to
gain higher profits, producing job insecurity,
unemployment and poverty
• Deregulation means government have little
control over their own economies (create jobs & raise taxes)
and state spending on welfare has declined
21. • Marketisation has encouraged people to see
themselves as individual consumers, calculating
the personal costs and benefits of each action,
undermining social cohesion
• The increasingly materialistic culture promoted
by the global media portrays success in terms of
a lifestyle of consumption
• These factors create insecurity and widening
inequalities that encourage people to turn to
crime e.g. lucrative drug trade (Deindustrialisation in LA
led to growth of drug gangs)
22. • For the elite globalisation creates large scale
criminal opportunities e.g. Deregulation of
financial markets creates opportunities for
insider trading and tax evasion
• Globalisation also led to new employment
patterns creating new opportunities for crime
e.g. Using subcontracting to recruit ‘flexible’
workers often working illegally or for less than
minimum wage or working in breach of H&S
or labour laws
23. Patterns of Criminal Organisation
• As globalisation creates new criminal
opportunities, it is also giving rise to new
forms of criminal organisation:
1.‘Glocal’ organisation- Hobbs & Dunningham
found that the way crime is organised is linked
to globalisation. It involves individuals with
contacts acting as a ‘hub’ around which a
loose-knit network forms, often linking
legitimate and illegitimate activities.
24. • This is different from rigid hierarchical ‘Mafia’
style criminal organisations of the past
• These new forms of organisation have global
links (e.g. Drug smuggling) but crime is still
rooted in its local context (still need local
contacts and networks to find opportunities
and to sell their drugs).
• Concluding that crime works as a ‘glocal’
system- locally based, but with global connections
26. 2. McMafia- refers to the organisations that emerged
in Russia & Eastern Europe following the fall of
communism (which was a major factor in the process
of globalisation).
• The new Russian government deregulated much of
the economy, leading to huge rises in food prices and
rents
• However commodity prices (for oil, gas, metals etc)
were kept at old prices (lower than world market
price). Therefore well connected citizens with access
to large funds could buy these up very cheaply and
sell them on the world market (selling at profit-
creating Russia’s new capitalist class ‘oligarchs’)
27. • To protect themselves from increasing
disorder oligarchs turned to the new ‘mafias’
(ex-state security/secret servicemen from old
communist regimes).
• With their assistance the oligarchs were able
to find protection for their wealth and a
means of moving it out of the country
• These criminal organisations were vital for the
entry of the new Russian capitalist class into
the world economy
29. H/W
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/global_
• Here you will find short articles about different aspects
of global crime.
• As a group, you should each choose one of these to
investigate.
• Make sure you understand the details of your chosen
case and then take it in turns to summarise your case as
a presentation to the group.
30. Essay practice
Item B : In today’s society we learn about crime and deviance largely
from the mass media. Unfortunately, however, the image we are given
is often an inaccurate one. While we might expect fictional portrayals of
crime- in films, on TV, in novels and so on- not be an accurate
representation, many sociologists argue that the image presented via
the news media also distorts the reality of crime.
Sociologists are very interested both in the possible causes of these
misrepresentations and also in the effects that they may have on
deviant behaviour
Using material from Item B and elsewhere, assess sociological
explanations of the media representations of crime and their effects (21
marks)
31. Globalisation Transnational crime Risk consciousness
Definition: The way in Greater communication and Increased terrorism has
which we seem to live in an travel have made the drugs increased our awareness
increasingly ‘shrinking industry extend beyond of the international risks
world’, where societies are national boundaries. Often we face and increased
becoming more involving many countries the security at our national
interconnected and supply comes from south borders, airports, ports
dependant on each other. America (Colombia) and its and train stations.
demand from western
countries. Increased crime
Global crime (1
trillion) Globalisation Ian Taylor (1973) Marxist
argues that globalisation
Arms trafficking and crime
has allowed capitalism to
Smuggling immigrants create more crime by
Changing crime
exploiting workers abroad
Trafficking women and
Hobbs and Dunningham say and creating fraud on a
children larger scale.
crime is now longer local but
Sex tourism ‘Glocal’ meaning it involves manufacturing products
networks of people across the abroad has led to a lack of
Cyber-crimes –
globe. Gleeny (2008) argues jobs and opportunities for
identity theft and child even the mafia has gone the working class, which
porn global, it has franchised its leads them to crime.
Drugs trade businesses to different parts of
the globe – McMafia
Money laundering
Editor's Notes
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/uk/2001/life_of_crime/crime.stm What is the key factor of globalisation? What is meant by transnational crime? What is transnational organised crime? How do Hobbs and Dunningham show evidence of organised crime in Britain? How do Hobbs and Dunningham point out that organised crime is still local at all points? How has critical criminology showed that changes in a political economy has effected crime? What three changes in the political economy has shaped crime did Taylor identify? Explain how Davis used the political economy and the drugs trade in Los Angeles to show Taylors changes. Using Currie, show how policies of national governments can affect criminal activity within their national boundaries. Extension questions Which do you think has had the biggest affect on crime today, local government policies or globalisation? Is this type of crime being shown as more common than ‘normal’ crime today? Why?
It describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through communication, transportation, and trade Globalisation: refers to the idea that the world is shrinking in a social, cultural and economic sense.
1 Arms trafficking 2 Smuggling of illegal immigrants 3 Sex tourism 4 Trafficking body parts 5 Cyber-crimes 6 Green crimes 7 International terrorism 8 Smuggling of legal goods 9 Money laundering 10 Trafficking of endangered species 11 The drugs trade 12 Trafficking of cultural artefacts 3 Where westerners travel to Third World countries for sex. 6 Damaging the environment. 11 Smuggled to feed the western drug habit. 7 Much of terrorism is now based on ideological links made via the internet. 4 For organ transplants in rich countries. 9 The profits of organised crimes. 1 Selling weapons to illegal regimes. 12 Includes works of art having been stolen to order. 10 To use for pets and traditional medicines. 8 Such as tobacco and alcohol to evade customs. 5 Such as identity theft and child pornography. 2 Often linked to prostitution and slavery.
To illegal regimes, guerrilla groups and terrorists
Chinese Triads make an estimated $2.5 billion annually
For organ transplants in rich countries
Westerners travel to 3 rd world countries for sex, sometimes involving minors
Such as identity theft and child pornography
That damage the environment e.g. Illegal dumping of toxic waste in 3 rd world countries
Alcohol and tobacco, to evade taxes and of stolen goods such as cars to sell in foreign markets
Much terrorism is now based on ideological links made via the internet and other ICT, rather than on local territorial links as in the past
To produce traditional remedies
Of the profits from organised crime, estimated at up to 1.5 trillion per year
Deregulation is the removal or simplification of government rules and regulations that constrain the operation of market forces. [1] Deregulation does not mean elimination of laws against fraud or property rights but eliminating or reducing government control of how business is done, thereby moving toward a more laissez-faire, free market.
Marketisation- is the process that enables the state-owned enterprises to act like market-oriented firms (privatisation) e.g. NHS, Education etc
Communism is a social, political and economic movement that aims at the establishment of a classless and stateless communist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production a commodity is the generic term for any marketable item produced to satisfy wants or needs