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Neo taxonomy.
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A power point to practice working out whether the drivers that change biodiversity are direct or indirect, as described in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
Cytotaxonomy, And it's Procedure with special reference to evolution in primates.
This PPT is free for all..
Students can download it easily
It comprises of Cytotaxonomy, It's Procedure
And it's Significance with special reference to evolution in primates (Man and Chimpanzee).
For my Doc's, Material on Zoology..
Click on my website and download all Material easily..
Regards:
Ishtiyaq Mir
MSc Zoology
Kashmir,193201.
My specialization is on Biodiversity and Conservation, It's Management
Ecology and Environment
Invertebrates Diversity
Iczn(The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature )Al Nahian Avro
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) acts as adviser and arbiter for the zoological community by generating and disseminating information on the correct use of the scientific names of animals. The ICZN is responsible for producing the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - a set of rules for the naming of animals and the resolution of nomenclatural problems.
1.Definition and basic concepts of Biosystematics, , Historical perspectives of Biosystematics and Taxonomy, Stages of taxonomic procedures-alpha taxonomy, Beta taxonomy and Gamma taxonomy,
Neo taxonomy.
Direct And Indirect Drivers of BiodiversitySally Longford
A power point to practice working out whether the drivers that change biodiversity are direct or indirect, as described in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
Cytotaxonomy, And it's Procedure with special reference to evolution in primates.
This PPT is free for all..
Students can download it easily
It comprises of Cytotaxonomy, It's Procedure
And it's Significance with special reference to evolution in primates (Man and Chimpanzee).
For my Doc's, Material on Zoology..
Click on my website and download all Material easily..
Regards:
Ishtiyaq Mir
MSc Zoology
Kashmir,193201.
My specialization is on Biodiversity and Conservation, It's Management
Ecology and Environment
Invertebrates Diversity
Taxonomies are essential to making the web "go". Information architects and content strategists can use and promote taxonomy within their organizations to increase findability and usability of a website. Learn more about taxonomies and see some great examples.
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This presentation, origninally presented at the Knowledge Management Institute's KM Symposium on March 27, 2014, addresses the concepts of business taxonomy value, taxonomy design methodology, and taxonomy design best practices. It is intended as an introductory deck for anyone seeking guidance on taxonomy design efforts.
An overview of the benefits of using both taxonomies and metadata to make your information easier to search. Presentation by Alice Redmond-Neal of Access Innovations, Inc.
Database mapping of XBRL instance documents from the WIP taxonomyAlexander Falk
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These slides discuss how sureties can using a data mapping tool like MapForce to import XBRL instance documents based on the WIP taxonomy into their in-house database systems.
See also: https://xbrl.us/govt-industry/surety/public-review/
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(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
2. INTRODUCTION
GTI (Global Taxonomy Initiative) is a cross cutting programme
developed by CBD to address taxonomic impediment.
underpins the conservation of biological diversity.
An international policy used to inform national policies by the
Parties to the CBD.
The main aspect of GTI is to ensure that the taxonomic
information to the taxonomists, decision makers and non-taxonomists.
Darwin Declaration: led to the development of GTI by a meeting
of group of experts held in Darwin, Australia, in February 1988
was sponsored by the CBD, the GEF, Environment Australia and
the Smithsonian Institution.
3. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Largest of the environmental conventions.
Signed & ratified by 188 parties (187 countries).
Objectives:-
Conservation of Biological diversity
Sustainable use of its components
Fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the
civilization of genetic resources.
4. The Programme of Work (PoW) for The GTI
Focus on supplying taxonomic information and work to
implement the objectives of CBD.
Adopted in 2002, supplemented in 2006 ( CoP decisions VI/8
and VIII/3).
summarizes objectives and major activities of the GTI.
comprises 19 planned activities within 5 operational
objectives.
One specific target is included in operational objective 3.
5. 5 Operational objectives & its planned
activities
Operational objective 1: Assess taxonomic needs and capacities
at national, regional and global levels for the implementation of the
Convention.
Planned Activity 1: Country-based taxonomic needs assessments
and identification of priorities.
Planned Activity 2: Regional taxonomic needs assessments and
identification of priorities.
Planned Activity 3: Global taxonomic needs assessments.
Planned Activity 4: Public awareness and education.
Operational objective 2: Provide focus to help build and maintain
the human resources, systems and infrastructure needed to obtain,
collate and curate the biological specimens that are the basis for
taxonomic knowledge.
6. Planned activity 5: Global and regional capacity building to
support access to and generation of taxonomic information.
Planned activity 6: Strengthening of existing networks for regional
cooperation in taxonomy.
Operational objective 3: Facilitate an improved and effective
infrastructure / system for access to taxonomic information with
priority on ensuring countries of origin gain access to
information concerning elements of their biodiversity.
Planned activity 7: Develop a coordinated taxonomy information
system.
7. Operational objective 4: Within the major thematic work
programmes of the Convention include key taxonomic objectives
to generate information needed for decision-making in
conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and its
components.
Planned Activity 8: Forest biological diversity.
Planned Activity 9: Marine and coastal biological diversity.
Planned Activity 10: Dry and sub-humid lands biodiversity.
Planned Activity 11: Inland waters biological diversity.
Planned Activity 12: Agricultural biological diversity.
Planned Activity 13: Mountain biological diversity.
Planned Activity 13b: Island biological diversity.
8. Operational objective 5: Within the work on cross-cutting
issues of the Convention include key taxonomic objectives to
generate information needed for decision-making in conservation
and sustainable use of biological diversity and its components.
Planned Activity 14: Access and benefit-sharing.
Planned Activity 15: Invasive alien species.
Planned Activity 16: Support in implementation of Article 8 (j):
traditional knowledge, innovations and practise.
Planned Activity 17: Support for ecosystem approach and CBD
work on assessment including impact assessments, monitoring
and indicators.
Planned Activity 18: Protected areas.
9. Forest biological diversity
The taxonomic needs associated with forests are immense.
Specific needs in this thematic area highlighted through COP
decisions :
support basic assessment and monitoring of forest
biodiversity,
with particular emphasis on the impact of climate change and
of soil, air and water-borne pollution (decision VI/22).
10. Marine and coastal biological Diversity
15% of all species described so far are marine, 80% of which
belong to phyla restricted to the seas.
Taxonomic work in this area requires a focus on pelagic
juvenile stages of benthic organisms, identification guides for
major groups and extensive technology for research in deep sea
areas.
Examples of cost-effective approach are
the Census of Marine Life (CoML),
the OASIS (Oceanic seamounts: an integrated study) project,
the Sea Around Us Project and Seamounts online.
11. The CoML database has added 106 new species of fish in 2004.
‘Cephbase’, a tool which covered information on Cephalopods
and accessed through the Ocean Biogeographic information
System (OBIS).
Organisations active in this field are the International Coral
Reef Initiative, its partners and The Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO.
12. Dry and sub-humid lands biodiversity
The PoW for biological diversity in dry and sub-humid lands,
encompasses Mediterranean, arid, semiarid, grassland and
savannah ecosystems (decision V/23) and includes several
elements for which taxonomic input is required.
The needs highlighted (in the GTI PoW) are increasing
taxonomic capacity to identify crust-forming lichens and
develop identification tools, improving knowledge of the micro-organisms
in nutrient cycling, increasing taxonomic information
on pests and diseases.
13. Inland waters biological diversity
Some groups of animals and plants in inland waters (e.g. many
fish, crustacea) are of great social and economic importance.
The programme of work on biodiversity of inland waters has
been included in decision VII/4.
A DIVERSITAS report submitted to SBSTTA, included two
proposals on taxonomy and inventory of inland water
biodiversity.
14. Agricultural biodiversity
includes all components of biological diversity of relevance to
food and agriculture and that constitute the agro-ecosystem
(decision V/5).
Two areas have been highlighted: soil biodiversity and
pollinators.
15. Soil biodiversity
The importance of taxonomic work on soil micro-organisms
(including symbionts) has been highlighted several times in
COP decisions.
An International Initiative for the Conservation and Sustainable
Use of Soil Biodiversity has been established as a crosscutting
initiative within the PoW on agricultural biodiversity (decision
VI/5).
16. The International Pollinators Initiative (IPI)
Pollination, an essential ecosystem service which depends on
symbiosis between pollinated and pollinator species.
To address the issue of worldwide decline of pollinator
diversity, the COP established an International Initiative for
the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Pollinators in 2000
(decision V/5, section II).
The taxonomic needs in the IPI are the most important in any
Convention document other than the GTI decisions.
17. Pests and Pathogens
Identification of pests and diseases affecting domesticated
plants and animals, treatments : a major component of
agricultural work all over the world.
The COP suggested studies of pest and disease control
mechanisms (decision V/5).
18. Mountain biological diversity
Mountains cover about 25 per cent of the earth’s terrestrial
surface and serve as refuges for many species.
Within the PoW for the GTI, the planned activity on mountain
biodiversity was elaborated by COP in 2006, with a focus on
collating relevant information and expertise at regional levels.
Several existing initiatives identified are GMBA, the Mountain
Partnership and the Mountain Forum.
19. Island biological diversity
In 2006, the COP adopted a planned activity on island
biodiversity as part of the GTI programme of work (decision
VIII/1).
The planned activities 8 to 18 of the existing programme of
work also contribute to conservation and sustainable use of
island biodiversity.
20. Invasive alien species (IAS)
species introduced outside their natural habitats, establish
themselves, out-compete natives and take over the new
environments.
The threat to biodiversity due to invasive alien species is
considered second only to that of habitat loss.
Impacts are predicted to increase in future for many types of
ecosystems.
The work under the Convention on IAS has highlighted the
important role of taxonomy for understanding and management of
IAS.
21. Developing the GTI and monitoring its progress
GTI has dual nature, ie, policy & implementation.
Policy: to identify the priorities for action, which culminate in
decisions of the COP including the programme of work.
Implementation: policy at international level into policies,
strategies and activities at national level.
22. Roles and Responsibilities
The CBD Secretariat
administration of the GTI under the Convention rests with the
Executive Secretary of the SCBD in Montreal.
Main duties of the CBD Secretariat include
preparing documentation for SBSTTA, COP and other
meetings,
gathering and analyzing information for these documents,
corresponding with interested parties and focal points.
23. The GTI Coordination Mechanism
set up by the COP at its fifth meeting in 2010 for the
development of the PoW.
comprises delegates from each of the UN regions and from
relevant international organisations.
National Focal Points
Only about one-third of Parties have nominated GTI National
Focal Points.
individuals or institutions to understand taxonomic needs in
relation to the CBD.
designed for a number of activities for GTI.
24. A total of 210 National (Focal) Contact Points in the CBD are
currently registered.
Of this feature, the countries such as Argentina , Belgium ,
Germany , Poland and Japan have its own website.
A special feature of the GTI Focal Point Germany is a
comprehensive Acronym database with about 3500 entries that is
constantly being expanded.
25. COP
the governing body for the Convention,
requests and invites Parties to carry out certain activities
related to the GTI,
alert organisations and initiatives
i. to play a role in meeting needs
ii. to provide funding
SBSTTA (Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and
Technological Advice)
meets twice in each inter-sessional period between COPs,
ensure that decisions of COP are grounded on scientific inputs.
26. Mechanisms to facilitate implementation
National reporting
prepared periodically for the development of GTI.
distributed by the Secretariat in 2004 to solicit information for
the in-depth review of the GTI.
NBSAPs (National Biodiversity Strategy and Action
Plans)
focuses on implementing COP decisions and CBD at national
level to remove taxonomic impediment.
accessible through the CBD website.
27. GTI Implementation at National level
CBD
National
government
National laws integration into
other areas
National Biodiversity
Strategy and Action
Plan
Conservation
initiatives
National
reports
Goals and
obligations
28. Roster of Experts
addresses various thematic areas and cross-cutting issues under
the Convention, including the GTI.
Outreach
at 8 th meeting in 2006, the COP decided to raise awareness
activities specific to taxonomy as part of the Global Initiative
on Communication, Education and Public awareness (CEPA)
under the Convention.
Taxonomic needs assessments
identify priority needs across the various sectors for
implementing the CBD.
29. basis for future activities,
mechanism to highlight taxonomic needs, raises the profile of
taxonomy, the GTI and other aspects of the CBD.
Pilot projects
identified in the PoW under each of the planned activities.
helps to understand the benefits and possibilities of GTI.
30. Obstacles to Implementation
Inadequacy of global taxonomic resources to meet the
priorities.
Poor communication and lack of knowledge about GTI.
No taxonomic problem in implementing the Convention.
31. Funding for GTI
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
Main source of funding for large-scale projects.
Established to promote international cooperation for global
environment benefits.
Administratively linked to the World Bank.
It supports taxonomy based on the priority areas identified by
Conference of the Parties (COP).
Project proposals for GEF funding are considered through three
windows: enabling activity, operational programs and short-term
response measures.
32. Enabling activity (EA)
Grants for EA were designed
to help countries to prepare national strategies and action
plans,
to assess needs,
identify priorities,
build consenus on particular issues
and
support capacity-building activities.
33. Medium sized projects (MSPs)
several species based conservation projects have been financed.
limited to a maximum of US $ 1 million and submitted on a
rolling basis throughout the year.
Full projects (FPs)
use project development facility (PDF) funds to cover project
preparatory expenses,
included in a work program and submitted at a meeting or
intersessionally.
34. Small Grants Programme (SGP)
this global project is coordinated by UNDP and offer individual
grants to NGOs and community based organizations (CBOs).
Proposals of (MSPs , FPs & SGP) are based on the requirements
of GEF operational programs.
Short term response measures
Proposals included do not form an integral part of an operational
program.
proposals approved include the taxonomy project ‘Inventory,
Evaluation and Monitoring of Botanical Diversity in South Africa:
A Regional Capacity and Institution Building Network ’
(SABONET).
35. Other multilateral sources
such as United Nations Environment Programme and the Food
and Agriculture Organisations of the United Nations are
involved in global and regional taxonomic projects.
Bilateral sources
include Belgian Development Corporation and Royal Belgian
Institute of Natural Sciences.
Darwin initiative, a programme expertises biodiversity rich
developing countries.
provides assistance by means of scientific and technical
linkages between target and donor countries,
supports taxonomic activities.
36. Non governmental sources
Includes Rufford Maurice Laing Foundation, Moore Family
Foundation.
funds taxonomic activities.
37. Taxonomic Tools
BioNET
An initiative that promotes taxonomy, so the countries can
identify their biodiversity, address sustainable development
and conservation priorities.
Supports Global Taxonomy Initiative.
Biodiversity Information System (BIS)
Provide taxonomy information over the architecture for
sharing national, regional and global biodiversity databases.
38. Examples of GTI Projects
National Project – Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in
Taxonomy (US).
GEF Project – The Indonesian Biodiversity Collection Project.
GEF Project – SABONET(the Southern African Botany
Diversity Network).
GEF Project – Botanical and Zoological Taxonomic Networks
in Eastern Africa (BOZONET): Linking Conservation to
Taxonomy.
GEF Project – Biodiversity Resources Development Project for
Costa Rica.
39. Bilateral – Example projects supported by the UK
Darwin Initiative.
“Taxonomic capacity-building in support of biodiversity
conservation in Thailand”: funded through the UK Darwin
Initiative, for biodiversity conservation and research in
Thailand.
40. Bilateral – Example projects supported by the Belgian
Development Corporation and the Royal Belgian
Institute of Natural Sciences
Herpetological Species Richness and Community Structure on
the Kaieteur National Park Tepui (Guyana)
Biodiversity assessment at three protected areas in northwest
Cambodia
Training Program for the Study of Biodiversity and
Management of Rodents and Shrews in Eastern Congo
(Kisangani)
41. Regional European Union Initiatives
European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy (EDIT), a network
sponsored by the European Commission which aims at starting
to overcome the taxonomic impediment through collaboration
and joint work programmes, including capacity building.
European Network for Biodiversity Information (ENBI) focuses
on information-sharing
42. Non-governmental – Investing in Nature: an eco-partnership
between the HSBC Group, WWF,
Botanic Gardens Conservation International and
Earthwatch
In 2002, the HSBC Group established, in eco-partnership with
WWF, Botanical Gardens Conservation International (BGCI)
and Earthwatch, the Investing in Nature programme139 with
US$50 million to fund conservation projects around the world
over five years.
43. Partner project
DIVERSITAS , established in 1991 by a number of scientists
from all parts of the world.
a partnership of international organisations, to promote,
facilitate and catalyse scientific research on biodiversity-its
origin, composition, ecosystem function, maintenance, and
conservation.
has a number of key Elements, one of which is “systematic
inventory-discovering and describing the world’s species”.
As a global non-governmental group, it has a role in
mobilising the wider scientific community to embrace the
aims of the GTI.
Other partner projects are GBIF and IPBES.
44. CONCLUSION
Global Taxonomy Initiative is a cross cutting issue of the United
Nations Convention on Biological Diversity to address the lack
of
taxonomic information.
The 5 operational objectives of the GTI are for each member
country to conduct a taxonomic needs assessment, contribute to
capacity building, provide support for the CBD’s thematic areas
and cross cutting issues and improve access to information.
45. REFERENCES
Australian Biological Resources Study 1998 (ABRS). The Global
Taxonomy Initiative: Shortening the distance between discovery
and delivery. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study,
Environment Australia.
Cristian Samper 2004. Taxonomy and environmental policy. Phil.
Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond.(B), 359: 721-728.
Mark Graham 2005. The Global Taxonomy Initiative CBA
Bulletin 38(3): 35-36.
www.cbd.org.