Digitizing Merchant Payments: What Will It Take?CGAP
A staggering amount of cash is paid to retail merchants worldwide -- around $19 trillion out of a total of $34 trillion in payments. What will it take for digital payments to beat cash?
Global Landscape Study on P2G Payments: Summary of in-country consumer resear...CGAP
For this study on P2G (Person-to-government) payments, Rwanda was selected as a focus country given the potential reach and varied nature of two key initiatives: the IREMBO e-government platform and the Tap&Go smartcard for public bus transport. Digital payments for school fees and utility payments were also studied. Tap&Go is privately managed but offers P2G learnings for other countries where public transport is government-run.
The research sought to answer questions across three key areas:
1. How well did digital P2G payment solutions reach and address the needs of the financially excluded?
2. What were effective and sustainable business models between actors, and how were they set up?
3. How do current and planned solutions support and work with the evolving digital payments ecosystem in Rwanda?
Digital Rails: How Providers Can Unlock Innovation in DFS Ecosystems Through ...CGAP
This document explains the concept of “Open APIs” in digital finance services (DFS), how they enable increased innovation, and the role they can play in expanding DFS ecosystems.
Digital Finance and Innovations in Education: Workshop ReportCGAP
CGAP’s Digital Finance Plus initiative convened a workshop in Nairobi on 7 April 2016 aimed at bringing together stakeholders interested in the opportunities for digital finance to improve the affordability of education for low-income households. This document captures themes from the workshop presentations and design thinking session.
The Global Landscape of Digital Finance InnovationsCGAP
More than half of the world’s adult population, nearly 2.5 billion people, remain unbanked. Technology – particularly the mobile phone – has been used in recent years to extend financial services past the limits of bank branches and reach new consumers in traditionally underserved segments. Initial efforts focused on payments but have now grown to include savings, insurance and credit products delivered by digital channels, known as “products beyond payments.” Despite a dramatic expansion in the number of digital financial service deployments, the offering of these financial services are not new services. Rather, they are existing services migrated to a lower-cost digital channel, therefore offering greater scale potential. And even then, use of these channels currently remain low.
This research seeks to accomplish four objectives:
Catalog the ways in which technology, especially mobile, can enhance access or use of financial services
Provide a comprehensive landscape of the latest innovations in digital finance
Consider the current and potential impact of these innovations on financial inclusion
Identify enabling conditions and investments needed to unlock the potential of the sector
Digitizing Merchant Payments: What Will It Take?CGAP
A staggering amount of cash is paid to retail merchants worldwide -- around $19 trillion out of a total of $34 trillion in payments. What will it take for digital payments to beat cash?
Global Landscape Study on P2G Payments: Summary of in-country consumer resear...CGAP
For this study on P2G (Person-to-government) payments, Rwanda was selected as a focus country given the potential reach and varied nature of two key initiatives: the IREMBO e-government platform and the Tap&Go smartcard for public bus transport. Digital payments for school fees and utility payments were also studied. Tap&Go is privately managed but offers P2G learnings for other countries where public transport is government-run.
The research sought to answer questions across three key areas:
1. How well did digital P2G payment solutions reach and address the needs of the financially excluded?
2. What were effective and sustainable business models between actors, and how were they set up?
3. How do current and planned solutions support and work with the evolving digital payments ecosystem in Rwanda?
Digital Rails: How Providers Can Unlock Innovation in DFS Ecosystems Through ...CGAP
This document explains the concept of “Open APIs” in digital finance services (DFS), how they enable increased innovation, and the role they can play in expanding DFS ecosystems.
Digital Finance and Innovations in Education: Workshop ReportCGAP
CGAP’s Digital Finance Plus initiative convened a workshop in Nairobi on 7 April 2016 aimed at bringing together stakeholders interested in the opportunities for digital finance to improve the affordability of education for low-income households. This document captures themes from the workshop presentations and design thinking session.
The Global Landscape of Digital Finance InnovationsCGAP
More than half of the world’s adult population, nearly 2.5 billion people, remain unbanked. Technology – particularly the mobile phone – has been used in recent years to extend financial services past the limits of bank branches and reach new consumers in traditionally underserved segments. Initial efforts focused on payments but have now grown to include savings, insurance and credit products delivered by digital channels, known as “products beyond payments.” Despite a dramatic expansion in the number of digital financial service deployments, the offering of these financial services are not new services. Rather, they are existing services migrated to a lower-cost digital channel, therefore offering greater scale potential. And even then, use of these channels currently remain low.
This research seeks to accomplish four objectives:
Catalog the ways in which technology, especially mobile, can enhance access or use of financial services
Provide a comprehensive landscape of the latest innovations in digital finance
Consider the current and potential impact of these innovations on financial inclusion
Identify enabling conditions and investments needed to unlock the potential of the sector
In 2015, the CGAP-funded Financial Inclusion Insights Survey was conducted in Rwanda by InterMedia. The survey analyzes trends in mobile money usage in the country and highlights opportunities for growth in the industry.
Understanding the East African Aggregator LandscapeCGAP
What are aggregators?
Aggregators can be thought of as the glue that helps many parts of the digital financial services (DFS) ecosystem to work together.
They allow Payment Instrument Providers (PIPs) – like Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) offering mobile money services or banks offering mobile banking - to easily integrate with entities that want to send money to or receive money from end customers. These entities can be utility companies who want to receive payments, businesses who want to pay salaries or donors who want to pay recipients, for example.
Why do they matter?
Aggregators enable the seamless collection, disbursement and circulation of digital payments across multiple payment providers. They mostly work in the background, and millions of transactions in East Africa pass through them everyday–usually without customers even being aware of them.
Mobile Banking in 2020 - Mobile World Congress ReportNadejda Tatarciuc
Present report was presented at Mobile World Congress this year, showing the outlook for mobile banking by 2020! - how a younger world, more internet, crime, and activist governments will affect mobile banking penetration.
Digital Cash Transfers and Financial Inclusion in IndiaCGAP
Developing a digital payments architecture in India:
Creates efficiencies and lessens leakages in government, by building digital rails in some of the hardest to reach and poorest areas of India;
Saves India $20 billion a year, or 1% of its GDP;
Achieves financial inclusion for millions of beneficiaries who can receive payments on time, access basic financial services, and use technology to provide feedback to government on those services.
An Introduction to Digital Credit: Resources to Plan a DeploymentCGAP
This is a workshop/course offering guidance in developing new digital credit products. This content is designed for a broad audience of banks, mobile operators, lenders, and fintech firms. It may also be of interest to regulators, policy makers and investors/donors.
With any comments or to request more materials (including the financial model [Excel] or original PPT presentation with detailed presenter notes), please write to cgap [@] worldbank.org.
This playbook discusses the various value-added services (VAS) that could increase uptake of mobile retail payments in Tanzania and similar emerging markets.
Why Star Ratings Matter for Financial InclusionCGAP
Using the example of MercadoLibre, this presentation details the ways in which e-commerce sales data--not typically available for credit scoring--can enrich existing scoring models and improve their predictive power, with positive implications for the financially excluded.
Smartphones & Mobile Money: Principles for UI/UX Design (1.0)CGAP
CGAP holds that Smartphone interfaces are likely to become the main interface for mobile money use. A well-designed interface will drive growth, profitability, and a much improved user experience. This presentation outlines 21 principles for UI/UX design.
A new study on development organizations’ use of Mobile Money Bulk Payment Products carried out by NetHope. The report, based on qualitative and quantitative research, highlights a desire to move away from cash; usage of mobile money bulk payments; preferences and recommendations for design features of the products; and the estimated volume and value of this market segment.
This report was commissioned by NetHope with a charitable contribution from Visa's Financial Inclusion Unit. Research for this study, both primary and secondary, was conducted by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India LLP.
Digital Banking Strategy Roadmap - 3.24.15Calvin Turner
The Digital delivery of banking products and services is already a reality.
Like it or not, your customers will compare their digital banking experience to shopping on Amazon, iTunes, eBay, Southwest Air, etc., and to their digital experiences with large banks that already have robust digital banking offerings.
Traditional banks can’t just push out mobile apps and capabilities to customers and call it a digital banking strategy. Customers expect a seamless integration of the entire online banking experience from initiation to fulfillment. If they are forced to drop off somewhere along the digital experience to print documents, call a representative, and/or visit a branch, you have lost the customer.
Banking in the Digital Era - Microsoft India PerspectiveMicrosoft India
Authored by Basudev Banerjee, Industry Marketing Lead, Microsoft & Vishnu Bhavaraju, Enterprise Strategy Architect, Microsoft, this document outlines Microsoft’s understanding of the digital and service delivery framework, target operating models and suggested business solution architecture and footprint within the BFSI vertical.
The future of fin tech and financial servicesVarun Mittal
In this roundtable, held as part of the investment summit — “ Deal Day” powered by EY in November — we hosted 22 senior financial services executives investors and FinTech founders to talk about the evolving trends around FinTech innovations and investment in the next 12 months.
In 2013, CGAP provided funding, technical assistance and knowledge sharing to one of mobile money player in Côte d’Ivoire. The objectives were twofold: (1) to expand the reach of mobile money services and improve the quality of the agent network, and (2) extract lessons learned.
FII Ghana 2015: The state of financial inclusion and mobile financial servicesPeter Zetterli
This presentation gives an overview of the findings from CGAP's nationally representative survey of financial inclusion in Ghana 2015, with an emphasis on the role played by mobile financial services.
Do you know how fast you are going? Agile Tour London 2015Douglas Talbot
Slides from my presentation at Agile Tour London 2015
Challenges of Agile / Lean team measurement covering efficiency, effectiveness and people. Challenging to measure better.
Customer Segmentation: Design and Delivery (Webinar)CGAP
This webinar, recorded in September with SPTF, covers the design and delivery of customer segmentation work. Included are example cases from CGAP's work, sharings by webinar participants, and a preview of CGAP's forthcoming Customer Segmentation Toolkit. The webinar recording is available at https://youtu.be/RJfthuKif80
In 2015, the CGAP-funded Financial Inclusion Insights Survey was conducted in Rwanda by InterMedia. The survey analyzes trends in mobile money usage in the country and highlights opportunities for growth in the industry.
Understanding the East African Aggregator LandscapeCGAP
What are aggregators?
Aggregators can be thought of as the glue that helps many parts of the digital financial services (DFS) ecosystem to work together.
They allow Payment Instrument Providers (PIPs) – like Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) offering mobile money services or banks offering mobile banking - to easily integrate with entities that want to send money to or receive money from end customers. These entities can be utility companies who want to receive payments, businesses who want to pay salaries or donors who want to pay recipients, for example.
Why do they matter?
Aggregators enable the seamless collection, disbursement and circulation of digital payments across multiple payment providers. They mostly work in the background, and millions of transactions in East Africa pass through them everyday–usually without customers even being aware of them.
Mobile Banking in 2020 - Mobile World Congress ReportNadejda Tatarciuc
Present report was presented at Mobile World Congress this year, showing the outlook for mobile banking by 2020! - how a younger world, more internet, crime, and activist governments will affect mobile banking penetration.
Digital Cash Transfers and Financial Inclusion in IndiaCGAP
Developing a digital payments architecture in India:
Creates efficiencies and lessens leakages in government, by building digital rails in some of the hardest to reach and poorest areas of India;
Saves India $20 billion a year, or 1% of its GDP;
Achieves financial inclusion for millions of beneficiaries who can receive payments on time, access basic financial services, and use technology to provide feedback to government on those services.
An Introduction to Digital Credit: Resources to Plan a DeploymentCGAP
This is a workshop/course offering guidance in developing new digital credit products. This content is designed for a broad audience of banks, mobile operators, lenders, and fintech firms. It may also be of interest to regulators, policy makers and investors/donors.
With any comments or to request more materials (including the financial model [Excel] or original PPT presentation with detailed presenter notes), please write to cgap [@] worldbank.org.
This playbook discusses the various value-added services (VAS) that could increase uptake of mobile retail payments in Tanzania and similar emerging markets.
Why Star Ratings Matter for Financial InclusionCGAP
Using the example of MercadoLibre, this presentation details the ways in which e-commerce sales data--not typically available for credit scoring--can enrich existing scoring models and improve their predictive power, with positive implications for the financially excluded.
Smartphones & Mobile Money: Principles for UI/UX Design (1.0)CGAP
CGAP holds that Smartphone interfaces are likely to become the main interface for mobile money use. A well-designed interface will drive growth, profitability, and a much improved user experience. This presentation outlines 21 principles for UI/UX design.
A new study on development organizations’ use of Mobile Money Bulk Payment Products carried out by NetHope. The report, based on qualitative and quantitative research, highlights a desire to move away from cash; usage of mobile money bulk payments; preferences and recommendations for design features of the products; and the estimated volume and value of this market segment.
This report was commissioned by NetHope with a charitable contribution from Visa's Financial Inclusion Unit. Research for this study, both primary and secondary, was conducted by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India LLP.
Digital Banking Strategy Roadmap - 3.24.15Calvin Turner
The Digital delivery of banking products and services is already a reality.
Like it or not, your customers will compare their digital banking experience to shopping on Amazon, iTunes, eBay, Southwest Air, etc., and to their digital experiences with large banks that already have robust digital banking offerings.
Traditional banks can’t just push out mobile apps and capabilities to customers and call it a digital banking strategy. Customers expect a seamless integration of the entire online banking experience from initiation to fulfillment. If they are forced to drop off somewhere along the digital experience to print documents, call a representative, and/or visit a branch, you have lost the customer.
Banking in the Digital Era - Microsoft India PerspectiveMicrosoft India
Authored by Basudev Banerjee, Industry Marketing Lead, Microsoft & Vishnu Bhavaraju, Enterprise Strategy Architect, Microsoft, this document outlines Microsoft’s understanding of the digital and service delivery framework, target operating models and suggested business solution architecture and footprint within the BFSI vertical.
The future of fin tech and financial servicesVarun Mittal
In this roundtable, held as part of the investment summit — “ Deal Day” powered by EY in November — we hosted 22 senior financial services executives investors and FinTech founders to talk about the evolving trends around FinTech innovations and investment in the next 12 months.
In 2013, CGAP provided funding, technical assistance and knowledge sharing to one of mobile money player in Côte d’Ivoire. The objectives were twofold: (1) to expand the reach of mobile money services and improve the quality of the agent network, and (2) extract lessons learned.
FII Ghana 2015: The state of financial inclusion and mobile financial servicesPeter Zetterli
This presentation gives an overview of the findings from CGAP's nationally representative survey of financial inclusion in Ghana 2015, with an emphasis on the role played by mobile financial services.
Do you know how fast you are going? Agile Tour London 2015Douglas Talbot
Slides from my presentation at Agile Tour London 2015
Challenges of Agile / Lean team measurement covering efficiency, effectiveness and people. Challenging to measure better.
Customer Segmentation: Design and Delivery (Webinar)CGAP
This webinar, recorded in September with SPTF, covers the design and delivery of customer segmentation work. Included are example cases from CGAP's work, sharings by webinar participants, and a preview of CGAP's forthcoming Customer Segmentation Toolkit. The webinar recording is available at https://youtu.be/RJfthuKif80
The role of ICTs for environmental observation. Collecting and helping to interpret and model the environment and more specifically the climate are key to climate action. Wireless sensor networks, the IoT, embedded microprocessors, remote sensing and earth observation systems, etc. are described. Today, they continue to be very important and their role and use os growing.
Slide presentations developed to demonstrate how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) be used to address climate change, and why ICTs are a crucial part of the solution – i.e. in promoting efficiency, Green Growth & sustainable development, in dealing with climate change and for climate and environmental action. These slide presentations were delivered in February 2011 in Seongnam, near Seoul in Korea.
These presentations were developed and delivered over 2.5 days on the occasion of a Regional Training of Trainers Workshop for upcoming Academy modules on ICT for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Abatement. These modules were developed as part of the Academy of ICT Essentials for Government leaders developed by the United Nations (UN) Asia Pacific Centre for ICT Training (APCICT), based in Songdo City, in the Republic of South Korea.
These presentations were developed in 2011, and are somewhat out of date, but most of the principles still apply. Module 10, which has been published, does not include much of the information outlined in these presentations, which are fairly technical. They were developed to address a significant gap in understanding of the technical basis of using ICTs for climate action and because there is a clear bias in development circles against the importance of dealing with climate change mitigation in developing countries. These presentations are an attempt to redress this lack and are published here with this purpose in mind.
The author, Richard Labelle, is presently working on updating these presentations to further highlight the importance of addressing climate change and the important role that technology including ICTs, play in this effort.
Delivering on Personalization with the Power of APIsAkana
• Why is personalization important for capturing and delighting customers?
• What are the main drivers of personalization, with examples?
• What is an API?
• How are companies using APIs and personalization to rethink the customer experience?
• How can companies innovate to deliver a more personalized experience with APIs?
M government - A Strategic Approach to developing mobility in e-servicesAhmed Buhazza
Taking a strategic approach to developing mobility in e-services
• Examining the criteria for decision which e-services should b e made mobile
• Prioritizing mobile application development with meaningful functionality
• Measuring uptake and creating deep engagement of mobile services and reviewing the results so far
In 2012, USAID announced its commitment to actively encourage the evaluation and use of electronic payments (e-payments) in development programs, including its own, as a member of The Better than Cash Alliance. USAID also has made the use of e-payments a priority in the Agency’s Implementation and Procurement Reform.
In fulfillment of these commitments, USAID actively is encouraging its development partners, contractors, subcontractors, grantees, sub-grantees and private sector alliance partners to consider incorporating e-payment systems into program design and implementation where feasible. Many USAID Missions have begun to request that procurement proposals include a suitability analysis on the use of e-payments for the funded program.
EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL PAYMENTS IN RURAL BANGALOREAyesha Ali
The research paper aims to delve into the awareness, preferences, and challenges surrounding digital transactions among rural communities in Bangalore, while also examining the hurdles faced by rural residents in embracing digital payments.
Information and communication technology (ICT) has become an integral part of governmental activities at the outset of twenty-first century. To transform Bangladesh into “Digital Bangladesh” by the year 2021 need to provide government services at the door steps of the rural people. UDC envisages for creating a knowledge-based society by functioning as an e-service delivery point to bring various government, commercial and social services to the doorsteps of rural people by reducing all the hassles. In the past, most of the rural people did not get proper services in proper time due to the traditional service delivery system in Bangladesh.
E-GOVERNANCE. E-governance, meaning 'electronic governance' is using information and communication technologies (ICTs) (such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) at various levels of the government and the public sector and beyond, for the purpose of enhancing governance.
Mobile Wallets in India: Growth OpportunitiesFiras Durri
An overview of features to drive growth in mobile wallets (social payments, instant purchases, personalized offers, balance coupons) and expansion opportunities into market categories: consumer app, rural economy, data and finance.
Digital Banking for PSU banks in IndiaRohan Bharaj
This documents highlights the importance of Digital banking for PSU banks in India. In this digitally enhanced age, it is of utmost importance for PSU banks to be up to date with the latest technology.
Though digital credit has been in Tanzania for years, there have been few analyses of the country’s digital credit market. Existing studies raise important concerns about digital credit’s impact on customers. To help fill this knowledge gap in Tanzania, CGAP and the Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, at the request of the Bank of Tanzania, analyzed data from three digital credit providers and built a first-of-its-kind, data-driven picture of the digital credit market’s evolution and current state. In total, we looked at transactional and demographic data for more than 20 million loans disbursed over 23 months.
Wallet and Over-the-Counter Transactions: Understanding Financial IncentivesCGAP
How well do financial incentives encourage customers to opt for wallet transactions instead of over-the-counter transactions? To find out, CGAP looked at four diverse markets in Africa and Asia: Bangladesh, Ghana, Pakistan, and Tanzania.
Real-Time Customer Interactions via SMS (Juntos and Mynt)CGAP
Myntpartnered with Juntos to impact customers’ financial behavior. Phase I was focused on driving GCash transactions and the purpose of Phase II was to engage customers on topics of credit and the Instaloan product.
Alternative lending options have grown rapidly over the past 10 years. This deck offers an overview of digital credit and key takeaways from contexts around the world.
Saldazo, a Visa debit card product co-branded with Banamex bank, has made Mexico’s largest corner store retail chain – OXXO – the country’s number one transactional account supplier. This presentation provides a Mexican market overview and shares key success factors, challenges and insights from this project.
Services Financiers Numériques pour les Producteurs de Cacao en Côte d’IvoireCGAP
Les petits exploitants agricoles, même ceux des chaines de valeur structurées comme celle du cacao en Côte d’Ivoire, n’ont généralement pas la possibilité d’accéder aux services des banques, institutions de microfinance et autres institutions financières formelles. Fournir à ces segments de clients des services financiers adaptés qui soient abordables et durables constitue un défi majeur.
L’un des nombreux défis en Côte d’Ivoire est de sortir du système de paiement en espèces pour qu’ainsi un lien soit établi entre ces exploitants agricoles et les institutions financières. Le canal mobile offre une opportunité unique pour effectuer cette transition du cash vers les paiements numériques mais la proposition de valeur pour les exploitants agricoles doit être attractive.
C’est ce défi qu’Advans Côte d'Ivoire s’est engagée à relever et les résultats du projet pilote – mis en œuvre au cours des derniers 22 mois par Advans avec l’appui du CGAP - sont prometteurs.
Digital Financial Services for Cocoa Farmers in Côte d'IvoireCGAP
Smallholder farmers, even those in structured value chains such as cocoa farmers in Côte d’Ivoire, are largely unable to access banks, microfinance institutions and other formal financial institutions. Providing meaningful financial services to these customers in an affordable and sustainable manner is a great challenge. In Côte d’Ivoire, transitioning from cash to digital payments may alleviate some of these challenges
This presentation details a digital financial services pilot project – implemented over 22 months by Advans Côte d'Ivoire with the support of CGAP – which has shown promising results.
2 billion people globally have no bank account, but 1 billion of them have a mobile phone. Markets for digital financial services are expanding worldwide.
In 2015, the CGAP-funded Financial inclusion Insights Survey was conducted in Ghana by InterMedia to analyze the trends and usage of mobile money in the country. This report shares data from the survey and highlights opportunities for growth and expansion.
for more information, visit www.cgap.org/mobilemoneymomentum
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
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@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
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1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Scope Of Macroeconomics introduction and basic theories
Global Landscape Study on P2G Payments (India)
1. Global Landscape Study on
P2G Payments
Summary of in-country consumer research
conducted in India
Dalberg Global Development Advisors
March 14-16, 2016
3. Executive summary
India was selected as a focus country given the presence of the world’s largest e-governance solution (MobileOne) and an
initiative specifically designed for the poor (Atal Pension Yojana, or, “APY”).
We conducted research on these initiatives—with a primary focus on MobileOne—to answer two key questions:
1. What are the benefits and challenges associated with making government payments today?
2. How well do digital P2G payment solutions reach, and address the needs of, the financially excluded?
In the case of Mobile One, we found that consumers who use the digital option are realizing time and cost savings and see the
potential to generate increased income. Users of APY were eager to realize the long-term financial benefits from the product.
However, non-users of the digital solution said they were satisfied with their current payment methods…
• Customers already have a compelling alternative to paying at traditional government offices: Bangalore One centers are convenient to get
to (often located quite close to their homes) and allow consumers to make payments for multiple services
• Paying in cash may occasionally result in greater flexibility for the consumer, i.e., a limited number of consumers suggested that personal
relationships with officials mean that they can pay past their due date, or even pay in installments
…and low levels of product awareness and understanding—combined with concerns around the broader payment ecosystem—
are preventing wide-scale adoption of digital P2G solutions…
• A recruitment effort to identify nine users of MobileOne required outreach to ~450 consumers; we found that most consumers had never
heard of MobileOne
• In the case of APY, even those who are users did not understand key product features or benefits, including that their payments were
automated and did not require a trip to the bank
• Consumers across both initiatives highlighted that challenges with the current user experience, issues around connectivity, validity of
digital receipts and trust in digital payments made paying for P2G via digital means a less attractive—and potentially, risky—proposition
These gaps highlight a need to further develop and communicate the value proposition of digital P2G payments, as well as make
more pointed investments in consumer awareness and education.
• As an example, the government could use Bangalore One centers as a channel to drive awareness and uptake of MobileOne
5. Our research in India was focused on MobileOne and Atal Pension
Yojana
1. “Minimum Government - Maximum Governance” [PowerPoint presentation], Center for e-Governance, 2015. Note: the number of IVR calls is not equal to the number of payments
that were made using the service.
2. “Summary Reports of PMJJBY, PMSBY, & APY,” Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, accessed March 30, 2016:
http://www.jansuraksha.gov.in/Reports.aspx. Note that this figure does not indicate the number of regular users of the program.
• Launched: 2014
• About: Provides mobile and PC-based access to ~1,000 state and
national government services (e.g., taxes, utilities payments, and
government services like birth/certificates), and ~3,000 private
services across transport (e.g., Ola cabs), health (e.g., Practo),
telecom (e.g., Airtel, Vodafone), etc.
• Payment method:
• Channel: Mobile phone and PC/laptops
• Instrument: Electronic funds transfer (NEFT), cards (debit / credit)
• Store of value: Bank accounts and digital/mobile wallets
• User base: In its first year of operation, it received >5 million IVR calls
and ~ 1.5 million USSD hits.1
• Key government entities: Center for e-Governance (CEG),
Government of Karnataka (state government agency responsible for
launching and managing the service), Ministry of Finance (regulator
for certain national payments), Department of Electronics and
Information Technology (DEITY) (regulatory body for PayGov
platform)
• Private stakeholders: IMIMobile (development and management of
the mobile platform), PayGov (Payment gateway)
• Launched: 2015
• About: Provides access to government pension scheme
• Payment method:
• Channel: Bank branches
• Instrument: Direct debit
• Store of value: Bank account
• User base: As of March 2016, there are 2.4 million registered users
• Key government entities: Pension Funds Regulatory & Development
Authority (Government of India)
• Private stakeholders: Banks (both private and public sector banks,
for enrolment), eleven pension fund managers appointed by GOI
including three public sector managers and eight private sector
managers, National Securities Depository Limited (operational and
administrative support)
Bangalore One
We studied this initiative to understand the user journey from
over-the-counter to digital
About: Provide single-window access to ~30 government services
through integrated citizen service centers which accept cash, cheque
and credit / debit based payments.
MobileOne Atal Pension Yojana
1 2
6. We captured insights from 30+ consumers through focus group
discussions and one-on-one interviews in the state of Karnataka
Source: Dalberg research
Focus group discussions
• Small group of 5-6 participants per FGD
for targeted discussions
o 2 in Bangalore city (urban)
o 1 in Harohalli village (rural)
• ~90-120 minutes per discussion
Interviews
• One-on-one in-depth conversations (~10-
15 questions) with non-users of Mobile
One and users of Atal Pension Yojana
• ~40-45 minutes per conversation
Gain user perspectives on:
• Needs of consumers and relevance of
P2G payment services
• Drivers of and barriers to adoption and use
• Usability of individual digital P2G platforms
through one-on-one user tests
Get perspectives on:
• Awareness and adoption related
challenges
• Test before/ after user experience for P2G
payments, where feasible
3 focus groups of 6 users of digital P2G
services
(9 users of MobileOne and 9 users of
Bangalore One)
One-on-one interviews
(10 non-users of MobileOne and 5 users of
Atal Pension Yojana)
Objective
Methodology
7. Our primary objective was to understand the relative value
proposition of digital P2G payments for the poor
1. What are the specific pain points associated with making P2G payments at government offices
today—and what is the impact of these pain points on consumers’ lives?
2. How are consumers addressing these pain points / overcoming the challenges associated with
making payments to the government?
3. To what extent are consumers aware about digital alternatives to P2G payments?
4. What are the perceived—and actual– benefits and challenges associated with making P2G
payments? Do consumers consider digital P2G payments to be better than their cash-based
alternatives?
5. What are the key barriers to adoption for digital P2G initiatives?
Key questions
9. The cost of making payments at government offices can be high: it
can take hours—sometimes even days—to make a payment
Beyond direct time and monetary costs, there are also meaningful opportunity costs, such as lost
income (up to INR 3,000, ~USD 45, in some cases) or time to spend with family or on household chores.
Consumer quotes
“For birth / death certificates, you
have to go and fill the form, and
then pay them some “fees” to
make it fast. Then they ask us to
come back again after 15 days,
but we are not sure if we will still
get the documents.”
“If we have to go pay many bills in a
day, it takes almost an entire
day.”
Electricity / water
bills
Birth / death
certificates
Frequency Monthly Occasional
Time
associated
(i) Travel 0.5 – 1 hour 0.5-1 hour
(ii) Queue and
process time
0.5 – 1 hour
~15-20 days
(over 2-3 visits)
Costs
(i) Transport
INR 30-150
(USD 0.5 – 2)
INR 30 – 2,400
(USD 0.5 – 37)1
(ii) Other costs NA
INR 80 – 1,000
(USD 2 – 15)
in bribes
Source: Dalberg research
1 The high end of the range was self-reported by a limited number of consumers in rural Harohalli village, where they sometimes have to travel
multiple hours to a government office in a city. We expect that the transport costs are typically much lower, even in rural areas.
10. The presence of Bangalore One centers has already reduced the
challenges associated with government payments…
Description
Greater
reach than
government
offices
Consumer quotes
Flexibility
and
convenience
• Multiple centers (~50) located through the city means
very limited travel and queue times. E.g., almost all urban
users we spoke to said they had a Bangalore One center
within ~10 minutes of their home, and processing of each
bill took ~10-15 minutes.
Trust and
transparency
• Offers the convenience to pay for ~30 services at one
center. This saves users up to ~1 hour of travel per
additional bill.
• Centres are open for longer hours (8 AM to 8 PM) than
government offices offering users the flexibility to pay
before or after their work
Bangalore One is “all in one” where you can pay
all the bills like electricity bills, water bills,
landline bills etc. or else we will have to go to
different places which is really a waste of
time.”
“You get all the facilities that the government of
Karnataka is offering from birth to death.”
• No users mentioned challenges with corruption or
leakages.
• Users trust center officials to provide relevant details
around government programs. Some users suggested that
Bangalore One officials would be a strong channel for
raising awareness about MobileOne
“I go early morning and finish it off so no need to
waste time.”
Key benefits
Source: Dalberg research
11. …and personal relationships and workarounds can sometimes
further mitigate the challenges associated with P2G payments
Adoption of digital P2G solutions will require the digital solutions to not only be better than paying at a
government center, but also improve upon the Bangalore One experience and alternative workarounds.
• Personal relationships: Some users mentioned
that close relationships with government officers
allow them to pay bills past their due date and / or
in installments —sometimes several months
later—resulting in greater flexibility for the
consumer
• Alternative solutions: Consumers sometimes
have the option to pay—without ever stepping
outside their home. For example, if a consumer is
late to pay his / her utility bill, an official will come
to the individual’s home to disconnect service.
Some consumers cite taking advantage of this
home visit as a payment opportunity and are even
able to avoid disconnection
“Sometimes when the bill is past due and the
officials come home to cut the connection, we
request them to give us more time. We pay some
minimum amount, e.g., ~INR 300-400, if the bill is
INR 1,500-1,700 and ask them for some more time
to pay the rest. Then we pay [the balance] in a few
months, when we have cash.”
Participant: Mithun1
Occupation: Auto driver
1. Name changed to protect identity of the user
Source: Dalberg research
12. While consumers typically had a positive experience with
MobileOne, particularly in terms of time saved and convenience …
When shown the solution for the first time, even non-users suggested that the interfaces (app, IVR and
USSD) were relatively easy to use and could offer benefits if they were to switch over.
Users most value time saved from having to visit
a physical center and stand in queue. For example,
users cited savings ranging from 15 minutes to 1
hour, between INR 30 to 2,400 (USD 0.5 – USD 40)
per month (in additional income or cost savings from
transport)
“I can sit at home and make the payment
whenever I am free, I don’t have to do it
during my working hours”
“We save a lot of time through it that I can
use to do more tailoring (to earn more) or
do some more housework.”
Users, especially those who have migrated from
Bangalore One, value the flexibility and convenience
of being able to pay from their homes, at any time.
Time saving
Flexibility /
Convenience
“I don’t have to travel anywhere to pay
bills anymore”
Description Consumer quotesKey benefits
Source: Dalberg research
13. …the initiative has not gained traction, and has struggled with low
levels of awareness
36
400
Urban Rural
150
Total number of individuals contacted
Number of users found
Current levels of awareness and adoption are low…
# of individuals contacted for recruitment vs. recruited
• Almost all users we spoke to had heard about
MobileOne through their friends or their social
network
• All the non-users interviewed, including regular
users of Bangalore One, had not heard of
MobileOne
• Experts interviewed also mentioned that current
awareness is largely based on word-of-mouth
publicity
“My friends told me that there is an app like this so
that we can pay bill from my house itself.”
… and largely based on word of mouth publicity
Source: Dalberg research
14. Even when aware, consumers are concerned that making digital
payments for government services could be a risky proposition…
• Users did not know if they were being charged fees for
using their debit cards on the app, and how much it was
• Almost all users felt that the registration process (e.g.,
creating passwords) was complicated, especially for first
time users
• Users also said the terminology used on the app is
complex. (e.g., the app groups all government bills under
“utility” which is not a common term used by the user base)
• Users also faced challenges with the user interface (e.g.
the app toggles randomly between Kannada and English
between screens)
Uncertainty
around pricing
Usability
challenges
(UI/UX)
Concerns over
digital receipts
• Many users said they would not pay taxes (both income
and property) through MobileOne, due to preference for
physical receipts for taxes which relevant for many other
transactions.
• Users also mentioned that the tax payment process was
too complex to be done over a phone.
“(On the app), the technical terms are difficult
to understand.”
“I am not sure if they are deducting more money
(apart from bill amount) as fees. May be
they are, but I have not checked.”
“If you have to go for some taxation work for
court or taluk (local government) office,
over there they won’t accept if you show
the SMS they will need the print out of the
receipt.”
Description Consumer quotesUser challenges
Source: Dalberg research
15. …apart from challenges related to poor connectivity, lack of trust and
corruption that hinder adoption of digital payments more broadly
Today’s product and ecosystem-level challenges suggest that—despite offering time and convenience
benefits—paying digitally may not always be better than alternate approaches.
Poor
connectivity
• Across urban and rural areas, lack of stable internet is a big
challenge to prolonged use of the service. Most users
complained of poor internet connectivity.
• User also said they felt nervous making payments over a
poor connection and 3 out of 6 users said they use the app
only over Wi-Fi when they are at home.
“The main thing is the internet …we don’t have
internet (signal) all the time so that criteria (for
using the service) matters a lot here.”
• Non-users also mentioned that previous poor experiences
(such as fraud) had increased their mistrust of payment options
such as Paytm.
• The mistrust of technology / digital payments more broadly
may also be preventing consumers from testing MobileOne
(this requires further testing)
Mistrust of
technology and
private players
“The OTP (one time password to complete
payment on USSD) takes time to come via
SMS; I don’t know if it’s a network issue.”
Description Consumer quotesBarriers to adoption
• Corruption is not fully addressed in cases where the
delivery of the service is non-digital, (e.g. birth /death
certificates) Some users mentioned that these services
sometimes require multiple trips to government offices and
additional payments (bribes) to release documents. Paying
digitally does not address this issue.
“We have to pay them [government officials]
something extra to move things faster.”
Corruption is
not fully
addressed
“I don’t trust private providers…there are poor
options for consumer recourse.”
Source: Dalberg research
17. Atal Pension Yojana offers a digital small-ticket savings product
with benefits such as co-contribution by the government
The program is particularly exciting from a financial inclusion perspective, in that it not only encourages
account usage but also enables long-term savings. To date, initiatives such as APY have helped reduce
account dormancy to 26%.1
Monthly
contributions are
small
Government
incentives for
adoption (for early
users)
Efficiency and
convenience
offered by digital
payment
• Allows users to save amounts as low as INR 42 (USD 0.6)
per month in exchange for a guaranteed pension.
• Targets unorganized sector workers to access a formal
pension product.
• Provides co-contribution benefit up to 50% of the total
contribution (for those who signed up by March 2016) by
the users to incentivize uptake.
• Direct debit allows users to save time on each transaction
in terms of both travel and queues at the bank.
• Allows users to track their payments regularly through bank
statements and SMS.
Benefits Description
“They [bank officials] have told us to
pay for a certain period of time
and after paying that, [there is a]
guarantee that we will get INR
1,000 monthly.”
“In my old age, I [will] need money
and they will also add extra money
from government so I will get some
monthly income after 60 years.”
Consumer quotes
Source: Dalberg research, www.jansuraksha.gov.in
1 Account dormancy has reduced for new accounts under the national Jan Dhan Yojana program, which seeks to promote financial
inclusion in India
18. Today, APY faces many challenges including limited awareness,
low perceived relevance and poor understanding of the product
These gaps underscore a critical need for stronger awareness and education programs by the
government and its implementation partners.
Low perceived
relevance of long
term savings
Limited product
knowledge
• Many users as well as non-users placed limited value on
saving now to get a small sum of money (USD 15 – 75 a
month) 20-30 years in the future.
“They [bank officials] are not asking
anything [about not why she did not
pay], maybe there are thinking that we
will pay later like after 3 months or 6
months. There is no penalty.”
Low awareness of
the product
Uncertainty over
program future
• Almost all the users we spoke to were not aware of the direct
debit facility and believed that they had to visit the bank branch
in person each month to deposit into their account the cash
they’d set aside for their pension contribution. Critically, this
negates the benefit of offering a digital solution for
consumers!
• Most users were unsure what would happen if they dropped out
and related penalties which range from INR 1 – 10 (USD 0.015 –
0.15) per month
• Both anecdotal evidence and our field research shows that a
large percentage of the population is still not aware of the
initiative.
• Users were also concerned about the permanence of the
program and if it would last for the duration of the payments (20-
40 years)
“To pay for pension, we go to the bank
and deposit [cash].”
User challenges Description Consumer quotes
Source: Dalberg research
20. Annex: Participant profiles
Note: Interviews include intercept interviews with non-users of the system. Map for representation purposes only.
(1) Representative age is provided, based on information collected for ~70% total sample size
All focus group
participants
Rural focus
group
Participants
Urban focus
group
participants
Interviews Age mix1
MobileOne 9 users 3 users 6 users 5 non users ~24-43 years
Bangalore One 9 users 3 users 6 users 5 non users ~24-38 years
Atal Pension
Yojana
- - - 5 users ~28-40 years
Participant profile for focus groups