The majority of the world population is not covered by the mainstream financial sector. As such, mobile money services are seen as a cost effective and efficient way of increasing financial inclusion. However, there remains some factors that impede the development of mobile money services. Therefore, this study sought to analyse these factors with a view to identifying strategies that can be used to accelerate the development of mobile money services.
- The document proposes a universal "Money Through Mobile" (mTm) system to enable digital money management and financial transactions through phones across India, including rural areas.
- The mTm system would function as a "virtual bank" to handle low-value accounts and provide financial inclusion without major human intervention. It could utilize technologies like satellite links and set-top boxes to reach remote areas lacking connectivity.
- With Aadhaar identification, the mTm system could enable direct benefit transfers of government payments and subsidies to citizens without middlemen. This has potential to generate employment and infuse liquidity into the economy.
Abstract
There has been significant growth and penetration of mobile financial services across the globe especially in
developing countries. The poor are the target customers and beneficiaries of the mobile financial services as it
provides the much needed access which formal financial service providers could not. The dominant paradigm is
the conventional top-down models such as technology adoption model (TAM) and unified theory of acceptance
and use of technology (UTAUT). These theoretical models are mainly based on individual factors such as
perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived credibility and perceived financial cost to study access,
adoption and usage of mobile financial services. These conventional top-down models are insufficient in
explaining the access, adoption and continued usage of mobile financial services by the poor. The pro-poor
perspective is a bottom up approach that seeks to understand the poor specific issues of pro-poor access,
adoption and continued usage of mobile financial service by the poor. The pro-poor contextual factors influence
the pro-poor access, community factors influence the pro-poor adoption and cultural factors influence the propoor
continued usage of mobile financial services by the poor. We establish gaps in literature in the light of the
pro-poor perspective and proposes an alternative pro-poor conceptual model to better explain the pro-poor
access, adoption and continued usage of mobile financial services among the poor. The proposed model could
unearth the influence of pro-poor factors and their relationships with pro-poor access, adoption and usage of
mobile financial services. Once validated the model could enrich the mobile financial services studies and will be
of valuable use by researchers in the field of mobile financial services among poor.
Keywords: Mobile Financial Services, Adoption, Usage, Technology and Poverty
The document discusses drivers of inactivity in mobile banking and digital financial services in Côte d'Ivoire. It finds that nearly half of customers have irregular incomes and do not need to consistently use their accounts. Over a quarter are unaware of benefits compared to cash. Over 15% cite costs being too high as mobile money tariffs are higher in Côte d'Ivoire than other African countries. The document recommends reducing costs, making services more relevant with savings/loans, and improving agent distribution and education on benefits.
The document discusses the mobile money landscape in Benin. It notes that mobile money has significantly increased financial inclusion in Benin, where mobile penetration is around 87% but banking penetration is only around 10%. Mobile money facilitates around 8 billion CFA francs in deposits and 7 billion CFA francs in withdrawals daily. The goal is to increase use of digital financial services like mobile money to 12% of Benin's adult population by 2019. Currently, mobile network operators generally require partnerships with banks to provide mobile money services, but some operators are seeking direct licenses to become electronic money issuers and distribute payment means independently.
This document provides a summary of how three major mobile network operators in Indonesia - Telkomsel, Indosat, and XL - implemented mobile money interoperability between their platforms in just six months. The operators recognized that an interconnected mobile money system would allow customers to transfer funds across networks, strengthening the value proposition and increasing competitiveness in Indonesia's growing payments market. With support from new regulations enabling broader agent networks, the CEOs of the three operators began discussions in late 2012 and agreed to prioritize real-time account-to-account transfers across platforms. Each operator maintained technical independence while collaborating at high levels and through cross-functional teams to launch interoperability in May 2013.
Mobile Money for Health Case Study: L’Union Technique de la Mutualité MalienneHFG Project
Resource Type: Case Studies
Authors: Health Finance and Governance (HFG)
Published: 10/31/2015
Resource Description:
This case study is one of 14 case studies profiled in the Mobile Money for Health Case Study Compendium.
As part of a national commitment to work towards achieving universal health coverage, Mali is scaling-up a network of community based health insurance schemes, otherwise referred to as mutuelles. The mutuelles currently cover 4% of the population. A major challenge faced by the mutuelles is collection and management of membership contributions. The Government of Mali subsidizes 50% of the membership contribution for many members, but even the subsidized premium is expensive for Mali’s poorest. In June 2011, managers of Union Technique de la Mutualité Malienne (UTM) attended a workshop in Mombasa, Kenya, where they learned about the Kenya National Hospital Insurance Fund’s (NHIF) use of M-Pesa, the well-known payment platform, to collect health insurance premiums from informal sector populations. Union Technique de la Mutualité Malienne (UTM) is one of the largest associations of Mutuelle Health Organizations in Mali. UTM worked with Orange Telecommunications to design a mobile money payment system for collecting mutuelle membership contributions. UTM launched the mobile money application within all of Mali’s mutuelles in September 2013.
UMFCCI-NCRA Monthly Business Report Written by UMFCCI Administrator // July...MYO AUNG Myanmar
- Myanmar's telecommunications sector has grown rapidly since 2013 when foreign operators Ooredoo and Telenor entered the market, bringing prices for SIM cards and mobile access down significantly.
- This has enabled a new generation of young tech entrepreneurs in Myanmar to develop over 100 mobile applications locally, including social networks, messaging, and games.
- One example is Nex, a startup founded by 24-year-old Ye Myat Min that has created an anonymous social media app for university students called Hush, which has over 7,000 active users despite infrastructure and internet speed challenges.
- Other popular local apps include chat apps that allow users to communicate in local languages with Myanmar characters and stickers,
The majority of the world population is not covered by the mainstream financial sector. As such, mobile money services are seen as a cost effective and efficient way of increasing financial inclusion. However, there remains some factors that impede the development of mobile money services. Therefore, this study sought to analyse these factors with a view to identifying strategies that can be used to accelerate the development of mobile money services.
- The document proposes a universal "Money Through Mobile" (mTm) system to enable digital money management and financial transactions through phones across India, including rural areas.
- The mTm system would function as a "virtual bank" to handle low-value accounts and provide financial inclusion without major human intervention. It could utilize technologies like satellite links and set-top boxes to reach remote areas lacking connectivity.
- With Aadhaar identification, the mTm system could enable direct benefit transfers of government payments and subsidies to citizens without middlemen. This has potential to generate employment and infuse liquidity into the economy.
Abstract
There has been significant growth and penetration of mobile financial services across the globe especially in
developing countries. The poor are the target customers and beneficiaries of the mobile financial services as it
provides the much needed access which formal financial service providers could not. The dominant paradigm is
the conventional top-down models such as technology adoption model (TAM) and unified theory of acceptance
and use of technology (UTAUT). These theoretical models are mainly based on individual factors such as
perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived credibility and perceived financial cost to study access,
adoption and usage of mobile financial services. These conventional top-down models are insufficient in
explaining the access, adoption and continued usage of mobile financial services by the poor. The pro-poor
perspective is a bottom up approach that seeks to understand the poor specific issues of pro-poor access,
adoption and continued usage of mobile financial service by the poor. The pro-poor contextual factors influence
the pro-poor access, community factors influence the pro-poor adoption and cultural factors influence the propoor
continued usage of mobile financial services by the poor. We establish gaps in literature in the light of the
pro-poor perspective and proposes an alternative pro-poor conceptual model to better explain the pro-poor
access, adoption and continued usage of mobile financial services among the poor. The proposed model could
unearth the influence of pro-poor factors and their relationships with pro-poor access, adoption and usage of
mobile financial services. Once validated the model could enrich the mobile financial services studies and will be
of valuable use by researchers in the field of mobile financial services among poor.
Keywords: Mobile Financial Services, Adoption, Usage, Technology and Poverty
The document discusses drivers of inactivity in mobile banking and digital financial services in Côte d'Ivoire. It finds that nearly half of customers have irregular incomes and do not need to consistently use their accounts. Over a quarter are unaware of benefits compared to cash. Over 15% cite costs being too high as mobile money tariffs are higher in Côte d'Ivoire than other African countries. The document recommends reducing costs, making services more relevant with savings/loans, and improving agent distribution and education on benefits.
The document discusses the mobile money landscape in Benin. It notes that mobile money has significantly increased financial inclusion in Benin, where mobile penetration is around 87% but banking penetration is only around 10%. Mobile money facilitates around 8 billion CFA francs in deposits and 7 billion CFA francs in withdrawals daily. The goal is to increase use of digital financial services like mobile money to 12% of Benin's adult population by 2019. Currently, mobile network operators generally require partnerships with banks to provide mobile money services, but some operators are seeking direct licenses to become electronic money issuers and distribute payment means independently.
This document provides a summary of how three major mobile network operators in Indonesia - Telkomsel, Indosat, and XL - implemented mobile money interoperability between their platforms in just six months. The operators recognized that an interconnected mobile money system would allow customers to transfer funds across networks, strengthening the value proposition and increasing competitiveness in Indonesia's growing payments market. With support from new regulations enabling broader agent networks, the CEOs of the three operators began discussions in late 2012 and agreed to prioritize real-time account-to-account transfers across platforms. Each operator maintained technical independence while collaborating at high levels and through cross-functional teams to launch interoperability in May 2013.
Mobile Money for Health Case Study: L’Union Technique de la Mutualité MalienneHFG Project
Resource Type: Case Studies
Authors: Health Finance and Governance (HFG)
Published: 10/31/2015
Resource Description:
This case study is one of 14 case studies profiled in the Mobile Money for Health Case Study Compendium.
As part of a national commitment to work towards achieving universal health coverage, Mali is scaling-up a network of community based health insurance schemes, otherwise referred to as mutuelles. The mutuelles currently cover 4% of the population. A major challenge faced by the mutuelles is collection and management of membership contributions. The Government of Mali subsidizes 50% of the membership contribution for many members, but even the subsidized premium is expensive for Mali’s poorest. In June 2011, managers of Union Technique de la Mutualité Malienne (UTM) attended a workshop in Mombasa, Kenya, where they learned about the Kenya National Hospital Insurance Fund’s (NHIF) use of M-Pesa, the well-known payment platform, to collect health insurance premiums from informal sector populations. Union Technique de la Mutualité Malienne (UTM) is one of the largest associations of Mutuelle Health Organizations in Mali. UTM worked with Orange Telecommunications to design a mobile money payment system for collecting mutuelle membership contributions. UTM launched the mobile money application within all of Mali’s mutuelles in September 2013.
UMFCCI-NCRA Monthly Business Report Written by UMFCCI Administrator // July...MYO AUNG Myanmar
- Myanmar's telecommunications sector has grown rapidly since 2013 when foreign operators Ooredoo and Telenor entered the market, bringing prices for SIM cards and mobile access down significantly.
- This has enabled a new generation of young tech entrepreneurs in Myanmar to develop over 100 mobile applications locally, including social networks, messaging, and games.
- One example is Nex, a startup founded by 24-year-old Ye Myat Min that has created an anonymous social media app for university students called Hush, which has over 7,000 active users despite infrastructure and internet speed challenges.
- Other popular local apps include chat apps that allow users to communicate in local languages with Myanmar characters and stickers,
The document provides background information on Grameenphone Limited, the leading telecommunications provider in Bangladesh. It discusses the origin of Grameenphone as a joint venture between Telenor and Grameen Telecom Corporation. Grameenphone started operations on March 26, 1997 with a village phone program aimed at empowering rural women. It has since expanded significantly, becoming the largest cellular operator in Bangladesh with over 37.7 million subscribers supported by the largest cellular network in the country. The document also outlines Grameenphone's industry firsts and innovations that have helped grow telecommunications access and services in Bangladesh.
Mobile banking is a new tool to give all services to customer on their mobile. The earliest mobile banking services were offered over SMS. In 1999, the first European banks offer mobile banking to their customers with the use of WAP enabling mobile. Now, Banks use this service to attract the potential customers.
The expansion of Mobile Banking industry in last 5 years has a great impact on the economic growth of the banking sector in India. The rural mobile connections have reached the 46.5 million mark as against 42.2 million in the previous years(according to Aite Group’s report ). This study is undertaken to provide a systematic analysis of
The document provides an overview of a large survey conducted in India in 2010 to profile mobile phone users. Some key findings include:
- The survey covered over 259,000 individuals across India to estimate the number of active mobile subscribers and connections.
- There are estimated to be 304 million mobile subscribers in India using 355 million active connections.
- The average household has 2 mobile users and 1.17 active connections per user.
1. The document analyzes mobile phone usage patterns among lower-income populations in emerging Asian countries including Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Philippines, and Thailand.
2. It finds that while mobile phone ownership is lower, access to mobile phones within households is high, with most users making calls daily. Mobile phones are increasingly used for business purposes.
3. However, usage of more advanced mobile services beyond voice and text is still low due to lack of awareness and affordability. Services that cater to lower-income needs could help support socioeconomic development.
This document provides an overview of the mobile telecommunication industry in Bangladesh. It begins with an executive summary and then covers the following topics:
- A literature review of the major mobile operators in Bangladesh, including their profiles, market shares, and technologies used.
- A description of the research methodology used in the report, including the population studied, sampling methods, and research framework.
- A presentation of data on the mobile operators' subscribers over the past four years, mobile value-added services, and the economic impact of mobile phones.
- Results from a questionnaire survey assessing customers' satisfaction with various aspects of service from the major operators such as network coverage, call rates, special offers, and service center
The document discusses the impact of telecommunication services, especially mobile phones, on rural and low-income populations in India. It provides examples of how telecom has helped provide access to information, generate income opportunities, and improve education and healthcare for those at the bottom of the economic pyramid. Specifically, telecom has enabled real-time access to market prices, weather information, job opportunities. It has reduced transaction costs and reliance on middlemen. Examples from projects in India and other countries illustrate how telecom is empowering rural communities and bridging the digital divide.
Mobile Market Report SMS Usage In Urban IndiaCellZapp
SMS continues to be widely used in urban India, with the average Indian sending 29 SMS per month. SMS is used not just for personal communication but also for services like checking bank balances. A survey found that almost 20% of urban Indians have used an SMS-based value added service in the past quarter. Receiving jokes via SMS was the most popular SMS VAS, used by about half of SMS VAS subscribers. Males are generally more active users of SMS VAS than females. SMS is also increasingly being used as a marketing and advertising tool in India.
The document summarizes an eGovernment workshop presentation on connecting governments and citizens through digital technologies in Africa. It provides an overview of Ovum, a telecom research firm, mobile and internet penetration statistics in Africa, the concept of eGovernment, UN eGovernment rankings of African countries, barriers to eGovernment adoption, and examples of eGovernment initiatives including mobile-based services in countries like Senegal, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and tax collection partnerships between governments and mobile network operators.
This document analyzes and compares BSNL's mobility services to other providers in India. A survey found that BSNL has 45% market share in mobility services, and 55% of respondents previously used other providers but switched to BSNL due to quality of service. Most customers rated BSNL as excellent compared to other private competitors. The conclusion states that BSNL must focus on delighting customers to retain them and attract new ones in the competitive Indian telecom market.
Mbile subscriber satisfaction in bangladeshTowsif Ahmed
This document summarizes a study on factors influencing customer satisfaction and subscriber growth rates in the mobile telecommunications industry in Bangladesh. The study analyzes secondary data and surveys 188 subscribers to understand satisfaction levels. Key factors examined include network coverage, pricing, promotions, value-added services, and customer service. The mobile market in Bangladesh is very competitive, with over 120 million subscribers among six operators as of 2015. Customer retention is important for operators to maintain growth in this mature industry, so understanding and improving satisfaction levels is a key concern.
The document summarizes a presentation on rural insurance research conducted by MART and FORTE Foundation. The key points are:
- The research aims to validate if rural insurance is profitable for new players and identifies factors prohibiting rural customers from purchasing insurance.
- The research involved in-depth interviews and surveys across rural India to understand savings habits, insurance awareness and purchasing intentions.
- Findings show potential for life and general insurance, especially among more affluent rural customers. Existing distribution networks like banks, cooperatives and e-choupals were recommended for reaching rural customers.
- Definitions of 'rural' were discussed and a population of up to 10,000 with agricultural characteristics was recommended for the
Design journal public services evaluation toolUNDP Moldova
The document describes the process of designing a public services evaluation tool for the National Chamber of Social Insurance in Moldova. Through ethnographic research, the team discovered citizens want a simple and clear way to provide feedback but are discouraged by complex reporting processes. While citizens want accountability, public servants worry added responsibilities could overburden understaffed offices. The team then generated ideas like installing terminals for fast reporting and creating feedback loops to build trust by showing how issues are addressed. The goal is a tool that improves services by integrating citizen input without overburdening public institutions.
Digital Financial Empowerment presentation by Mr Amit Saxena, MD & CEO UAE E...DiyaAC
MD & CEO, UAE Exchange India, Mr Amit Saxena was the speaker at 13th Annual Banking Summit-Cum-Social Banking Excellence Awards 2017, conducted on 17th February 2018 at Mumbai. He was the speaker of the inaugural session themed “Opportunities and Challenges in Universal and Social Banking” and his speech particularly dwelled on “Digital Financial Empowerment”.
The telecom sector in India has undergone significant reforms and liberalization since the 1990s. Prior to 1991, the sector was operated as a public sector monopoly by BSNL, MTNL and VSNL. The National Telecom Policy of 1994 opened up the sector to private players. The sector is now regulated by TRAI, which was established in 1997 as an independent regulator. Reforms have led to rapid growth, with India now having the third largest telecom network globally. However, further reforms are still needed to address issues around spectrum management and rural connectivity.
1) Selecting a target market is key to compelling mobile money marketing but operators want it for everyone. Demonstrating a specific use case for a target market has proven most effective.
2) Customers go through stages from unaware to regular use but the journey is complicated. Bespoke marketing mixes are needed at each stage.
3) Above and below the line marketing both challenge mobile money to explain its value compared to selling airtime. Direct marketing like SMS and promotions can help move customers through the journey.
Problems and prospects of telecommunication sector of bangladesh a critical ...Alexander Decker
This document provides an overview of the telecommunication sector in Bangladesh, including mobile phone services. It discusses the problems, challenges and prospects facing the sector. Specifically, it notes that while the sector plays a vital economic role, recent years have seen decreasing government revenue and subscriber growth rates due to issues like SIM taxes and competition. However, with proper privatization and regulatory steps, the sector could grow and benefit both private operators and government income. It also provides market share details for the major mobile phone operators in Bangladesh as of March 2011.
The document discusses the status and development of telecommunication in India and current challenges in accelerating digital transformation. It traces the origins and development of telecom in India from the first landlines in 1851 to modern cellular networks. It describes the industry structure, trends like industry consolidation and the rise of 4G. Challenges to digital transformation include complexity, adopting new technologies, shifting culture, keeping pace with trends, prioritization, security, and defining success metrics. Overcoming these challenges requires strategies like simplifying tools, training, changing mindsets, following proactive security practices, and clarifying vision and goals.
In 2015, the CGAP-funded Financial inclusion Insights Survey was conducted in Ghana by InterMedia to analyze the trends and usage of mobile money in the country. This report shares data from the survey and highlights opportunities for growth and expansion.
for more information, visit www.cgap.org/mobilemoneymomentum
Women & Usability of Mobile Financial Services in Indiagrameenfoundation
These studies aim to understand how mobile phone technology and its usability is impacting poor women’s ability to access and benefit from mobile financial services. Many players assume that if a poor person owns a mobile phone, they are able to use it. We have found that this is a faulty assumption, and believe that usability and “mobile phone literacy” are big issues that are preventing poor women in particular to benefit from mobile-enabled solutions.
Interoperability of Mobile Money Services by Sridhar ObilisettySridhar Obilisetty
INTEROPERABILITY brings in SYNERGY where interconnections with external parties can create greater value for customers and service providers than a single mobile money service provider can create alone.
The document discusses antitrust and anti-collusion policies that apply to meetings between mobile money competitors. It notes that agreements between competitors that impact pricing, markets, or sharing of sensitive business information are prohibited. The document also provides an overview of mobile money business models, regulations, and the role of mobile network operators in driving industry growth and expanding access to financial services.
The document provides background information on Grameenphone Limited, the leading telecommunications provider in Bangladesh. It discusses the origin of Grameenphone as a joint venture between Telenor and Grameen Telecom Corporation. Grameenphone started operations on March 26, 1997 with a village phone program aimed at empowering rural women. It has since expanded significantly, becoming the largest cellular operator in Bangladesh with over 37.7 million subscribers supported by the largest cellular network in the country. The document also outlines Grameenphone's industry firsts and innovations that have helped grow telecommunications access and services in Bangladesh.
Mobile banking is a new tool to give all services to customer on their mobile. The earliest mobile banking services were offered over SMS. In 1999, the first European banks offer mobile banking to their customers with the use of WAP enabling mobile. Now, Banks use this service to attract the potential customers.
The expansion of Mobile Banking industry in last 5 years has a great impact on the economic growth of the banking sector in India. The rural mobile connections have reached the 46.5 million mark as against 42.2 million in the previous years(according to Aite Group’s report ). This study is undertaken to provide a systematic analysis of
The document provides an overview of a large survey conducted in India in 2010 to profile mobile phone users. Some key findings include:
- The survey covered over 259,000 individuals across India to estimate the number of active mobile subscribers and connections.
- There are estimated to be 304 million mobile subscribers in India using 355 million active connections.
- The average household has 2 mobile users and 1.17 active connections per user.
1. The document analyzes mobile phone usage patterns among lower-income populations in emerging Asian countries including Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Philippines, and Thailand.
2. It finds that while mobile phone ownership is lower, access to mobile phones within households is high, with most users making calls daily. Mobile phones are increasingly used for business purposes.
3. However, usage of more advanced mobile services beyond voice and text is still low due to lack of awareness and affordability. Services that cater to lower-income needs could help support socioeconomic development.
This document provides an overview of the mobile telecommunication industry in Bangladesh. It begins with an executive summary and then covers the following topics:
- A literature review of the major mobile operators in Bangladesh, including their profiles, market shares, and technologies used.
- A description of the research methodology used in the report, including the population studied, sampling methods, and research framework.
- A presentation of data on the mobile operators' subscribers over the past four years, mobile value-added services, and the economic impact of mobile phones.
- Results from a questionnaire survey assessing customers' satisfaction with various aspects of service from the major operators such as network coverage, call rates, special offers, and service center
The document discusses the impact of telecommunication services, especially mobile phones, on rural and low-income populations in India. It provides examples of how telecom has helped provide access to information, generate income opportunities, and improve education and healthcare for those at the bottom of the economic pyramid. Specifically, telecom has enabled real-time access to market prices, weather information, job opportunities. It has reduced transaction costs and reliance on middlemen. Examples from projects in India and other countries illustrate how telecom is empowering rural communities and bridging the digital divide.
Mobile Market Report SMS Usage In Urban IndiaCellZapp
SMS continues to be widely used in urban India, with the average Indian sending 29 SMS per month. SMS is used not just for personal communication but also for services like checking bank balances. A survey found that almost 20% of urban Indians have used an SMS-based value added service in the past quarter. Receiving jokes via SMS was the most popular SMS VAS, used by about half of SMS VAS subscribers. Males are generally more active users of SMS VAS than females. SMS is also increasingly being used as a marketing and advertising tool in India.
The document summarizes an eGovernment workshop presentation on connecting governments and citizens through digital technologies in Africa. It provides an overview of Ovum, a telecom research firm, mobile and internet penetration statistics in Africa, the concept of eGovernment, UN eGovernment rankings of African countries, barriers to eGovernment adoption, and examples of eGovernment initiatives including mobile-based services in countries like Senegal, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and tax collection partnerships between governments and mobile network operators.
This document analyzes and compares BSNL's mobility services to other providers in India. A survey found that BSNL has 45% market share in mobility services, and 55% of respondents previously used other providers but switched to BSNL due to quality of service. Most customers rated BSNL as excellent compared to other private competitors. The conclusion states that BSNL must focus on delighting customers to retain them and attract new ones in the competitive Indian telecom market.
Mbile subscriber satisfaction in bangladeshTowsif Ahmed
This document summarizes a study on factors influencing customer satisfaction and subscriber growth rates in the mobile telecommunications industry in Bangladesh. The study analyzes secondary data and surveys 188 subscribers to understand satisfaction levels. Key factors examined include network coverage, pricing, promotions, value-added services, and customer service. The mobile market in Bangladesh is very competitive, with over 120 million subscribers among six operators as of 2015. Customer retention is important for operators to maintain growth in this mature industry, so understanding and improving satisfaction levels is a key concern.
The document summarizes a presentation on rural insurance research conducted by MART and FORTE Foundation. The key points are:
- The research aims to validate if rural insurance is profitable for new players and identifies factors prohibiting rural customers from purchasing insurance.
- The research involved in-depth interviews and surveys across rural India to understand savings habits, insurance awareness and purchasing intentions.
- Findings show potential for life and general insurance, especially among more affluent rural customers. Existing distribution networks like banks, cooperatives and e-choupals were recommended for reaching rural customers.
- Definitions of 'rural' were discussed and a population of up to 10,000 with agricultural characteristics was recommended for the
Design journal public services evaluation toolUNDP Moldova
The document describes the process of designing a public services evaluation tool for the National Chamber of Social Insurance in Moldova. Through ethnographic research, the team discovered citizens want a simple and clear way to provide feedback but are discouraged by complex reporting processes. While citizens want accountability, public servants worry added responsibilities could overburden understaffed offices. The team then generated ideas like installing terminals for fast reporting and creating feedback loops to build trust by showing how issues are addressed. The goal is a tool that improves services by integrating citizen input without overburdening public institutions.
Digital Financial Empowerment presentation by Mr Amit Saxena, MD & CEO UAE E...DiyaAC
MD & CEO, UAE Exchange India, Mr Amit Saxena was the speaker at 13th Annual Banking Summit-Cum-Social Banking Excellence Awards 2017, conducted on 17th February 2018 at Mumbai. He was the speaker of the inaugural session themed “Opportunities and Challenges in Universal and Social Banking” and his speech particularly dwelled on “Digital Financial Empowerment”.
The telecom sector in India has undergone significant reforms and liberalization since the 1990s. Prior to 1991, the sector was operated as a public sector monopoly by BSNL, MTNL and VSNL. The National Telecom Policy of 1994 opened up the sector to private players. The sector is now regulated by TRAI, which was established in 1997 as an independent regulator. Reforms have led to rapid growth, with India now having the third largest telecom network globally. However, further reforms are still needed to address issues around spectrum management and rural connectivity.
1) Selecting a target market is key to compelling mobile money marketing but operators want it for everyone. Demonstrating a specific use case for a target market has proven most effective.
2) Customers go through stages from unaware to regular use but the journey is complicated. Bespoke marketing mixes are needed at each stage.
3) Above and below the line marketing both challenge mobile money to explain its value compared to selling airtime. Direct marketing like SMS and promotions can help move customers through the journey.
Problems and prospects of telecommunication sector of bangladesh a critical ...Alexander Decker
This document provides an overview of the telecommunication sector in Bangladesh, including mobile phone services. It discusses the problems, challenges and prospects facing the sector. Specifically, it notes that while the sector plays a vital economic role, recent years have seen decreasing government revenue and subscriber growth rates due to issues like SIM taxes and competition. However, with proper privatization and regulatory steps, the sector could grow and benefit both private operators and government income. It also provides market share details for the major mobile phone operators in Bangladesh as of March 2011.
The document discusses the status and development of telecommunication in India and current challenges in accelerating digital transformation. It traces the origins and development of telecom in India from the first landlines in 1851 to modern cellular networks. It describes the industry structure, trends like industry consolidation and the rise of 4G. Challenges to digital transformation include complexity, adopting new technologies, shifting culture, keeping pace with trends, prioritization, security, and defining success metrics. Overcoming these challenges requires strategies like simplifying tools, training, changing mindsets, following proactive security practices, and clarifying vision and goals.
In 2015, the CGAP-funded Financial inclusion Insights Survey was conducted in Ghana by InterMedia to analyze the trends and usage of mobile money in the country. This report shares data from the survey and highlights opportunities for growth and expansion.
for more information, visit www.cgap.org/mobilemoneymomentum
Women & Usability of Mobile Financial Services in Indiagrameenfoundation
These studies aim to understand how mobile phone technology and its usability is impacting poor women’s ability to access and benefit from mobile financial services. Many players assume that if a poor person owns a mobile phone, they are able to use it. We have found that this is a faulty assumption, and believe that usability and “mobile phone literacy” are big issues that are preventing poor women in particular to benefit from mobile-enabled solutions.
Interoperability of Mobile Money Services by Sridhar ObilisettySridhar Obilisetty
INTEROPERABILITY brings in SYNERGY where interconnections with external parties can create greater value for customers and service providers than a single mobile money service provider can create alone.
The document discusses antitrust and anti-collusion policies that apply to meetings between mobile money competitors. It notes that agreements between competitors that impact pricing, markets, or sharing of sensitive business information are prohibited. The document also provides an overview of mobile money business models, regulations, and the role of mobile network operators in driving industry growth and expanding access to financial services.
Barriers to Customer Activation: A case study from MTN UgandaCamilo Tellez
This document summarizes research conducted by MTN Uganda and MMU to understand barriers to customer activation for their mobile money platform. It identifies key barriers for non-users (lack of knowledge around how mobile money works), inactive users (network issues, agent liquidity problems, high fees), and areas for improvement according to active and inactive users (improving education, agent network, customer service, and transaction limits). The conclusions recommend MTN focus on improving knowledge of mobile money through education campaigns, boosting the agent network in rural areas, enhancing customer service and addressing issues causing network downtime and agent liquidity problems.
This document provides a summary of the state of the mobile financial services industry for the unbanked in 2014. It finds that while mobile money services have expanded significantly in recent years and are transforming access to financial services, continued investment is needed to bring the industry to scale. Specifically, over 250 mobile money services now operate in 89 countries, but regulatory barriers remain and interoperability between services is limited. The report also examines trends in mobile insurance, savings and credit products and calls for further industry collaboration to develop digital financial ecosystems.
Mobile payment has grown rapidly in West Africa in recent years, enabled by increasing mobile phone adoption. However, several challenges remain:
1. Territorial coverage of mobile networks and agent networks remains inadequate, especially in rural areas.
2. Agent networks provide an important mode of distribution but remain limited in scale and sustainability.
3. Lack of interoperability between mobile operators limits the scope of mobile payment services.
4. The cost of implementing innovative solutions like online bill payment and government services is prohibitive for many West African governments.
5. Regulation of mobile financial services remains imprecise, which could limit further growth and innovation in the sector. Overcoming these challenges will be important to realize
Solving for personal commerce: Interoperability as the key to scale BSP Media Group
Mobile money services have largely replaced cash in many developing countries, processing significant portions of some countries' GDPs through platforms like M-Pesa. However, these services currently operate as closed loops that lack interoperability. Regulators are now encouraging interoperability between platforms to increase adoption rates, which are currently hindered by the lack of interoperability. Visa argues that its open-loop network model could connect diverse mobile money platforms and payment methods, expanding access to the global financial system for mobile users, just as it has done for credit card networks.
The document discusses a survey on mobile payment networks in China conducted in August 2010. It found that 108 million people in China used mobile payments in 2009, up 25.6% from the previous year, and the number was expected to rise to 147 million by 2010. The survey involved 600 respondents aged 20-50 from cities across China. It found that 68.9% of respondents who did not use mobile payments worried about security, while 36.2% did not understand mobile payments well. The majority of respondents preferred to sign up for mobile payments through banks, and SMS was the most commonly used payment method.
M banking workshop-presentation_jan28-2014_engVincent Wokmou
This document discusses mobile financial services and mobile banking. It provides an overview of electronic banking and mobile banking, explaining concepts like e-money, e-banking, m-money, and m-banking. It outlines the key players in mobile banking like banks, mobile network operators, agents/retail networks, payment service providers, and regulators. It also examines the mobile banking ecosystem and various product offerings like P2P transfers, bill payments, cash-in/cash-out, retail payments, and more. The document discusses factors for successful mobile banking like infrastructure, regulations, interoperability, partnerships, and value propositions. It also looks at business models, implementation costs and revenues, market evolution, and the
The document discusses how financial technology (FinTech) innovation, a focus on customers, and collaboration across the financial ecosystem can help address the "last mile" challenge of expanding access to financial services. It summarizes several case studies of organizations that have implemented digital financial services with these elements in mind. For example, using mobile phones as the primary delivery channel, understanding and addressing customer pain points to create frictionless services, taking a phased rollout approach, and establishing physical access points. It concludes that while technology enables solutions, addressing customer needs through collaboration is key to achieving last mile access.
This document summarizes a presentation on leveling the playing field for mobile money and digital payments in Tanzania. The presentation discusses the goal of financial inclusion, identifies barriers like costs and lack of consumer awareness, and recommends multi-stakeholder engagement and accelerating interoperability to increase inclusion. Currently, 14% of Tanzanians use formal bank products while 26% remain financially excluded, compared to other countries in the region. The presentation calls for public-private partnerships to remove barriers and harness technology to connect more people financially.
This document discusses the various ways that cell phones and text messaging are being used across Africa to improve government, healthcare, banking, education, commerce, and social connections. Key uses include e-government services, anonymous medical consultations, branchless banking like M-PESA, distance education via blogs and messages, and improving literacy. Cell phone ownership has grown enormously, from 5% to 60% of populations having access since 1999. Projects in some villages have doubled agriculture yields, reduced child mortality by 30%, and more than tripled cell phone ownership over 5 years.
The document provides demographic information about survey respondents in Indonesia, finding that over half of Indonesian adults are employed but a majority live below the $2.50/day poverty line, with farming a common occupation especially in rural areas. Many Indonesians supplement their income through secondary jobs or family support. Unemployed individuals primarily rely on support from spouses or other family members.
With the ubiquity of the mobile phone, there is lot of interest in using this medium to deliver financial services. This document is a white paper on this field and tries to give the reader, a general understanding of the topic
1. MTN Uganda's MobileMoney service became cash-flow positive just 14 months after launch, with a cumulative financing requirement of less than $4 million.
2. Over half of MobileMoney's gross profits came from money transfer fees, while indirect benefits like reduced churn, airtime distribution savings, and increased voice/data usage accounted for the rest.
3. The financing requirement for a successful mobile money service depends on variable and step costs, so the amount operators must invest varies significantly. Success requires active marketing and sufficient staffing.
Web and Mobile Payments are gaining traction in Nigeria today. This slide presents the facts and figures behind these channels and seeks to recommend how uptake can be stimulated by consumers
Similar to FII Uganda Wave One - lapsed user and nonuser QuickSights Report (20)
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...sameer shah
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
The Universal Account Number (UAN) by EPFO centralizes multiple PF accounts, simplifying management for Indian employees. It streamlines PF transfers, withdrawals, and KYC updates, providing transparency and reducing employer dependency. Despite challenges like digital literacy and internet access, UAN is vital for financial empowerment and efficient provident fund management in today's digital age.
New Visa Rules for Tourists and Students in Thailand | Amit Kakkar Easy VisaAmit Kakkar
Discover essential details about Thailand's recent visa policy changes, tailored for tourists and students. Amit Kakkar Easy Visa provides a comprehensive overview of new requirements, application processes, and tips to ensure a smooth transition for all travelers.
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.
2. THE FINANCIAL INCLUSION INSIGHTS (FII) PROGRAM
UGANDA
The FII research program responds to the need for timely, demand-side data
and practical insights on the use of mobile money and other digital financial
services (DFS), and the potential for their expanded use among the poor.
The program covers eight countries in Africa and Asia at different stages of DFS
development. Research was launched in fall 2013.
FII is operated by global research group InterMedia and sponsored by the
Financial Services for the Poor initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. All FII
data and research is publicly available through the FII portal: www.finclusion.org.
QuickSights reports provide initial findings from each FII research project. These
reports feed into subsequent Wave Reports which synthesize the results from all
projects conducted during a wave of research in a given FII country.
All data and materials resulting from the FII program are the property of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, but the findings and
conclusions within are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect positions or policies of the Foundation.
3. STUDY DESIGN
Objectives
Sixteen focus groups were conducted with
lapsed users and nonusers of mobile
money to:
• Provide insights into why they stopped
using or are not using mobile money
services.
• Understand barriers to and triggers for
uptake and use of mobile money.
• Understand participants’ financial
behaviors and current pain points, and
identify potential for new digital
services.
• Map common transactions to see
where mobile money services can
facilitate financial inclusion.
Key research questions
• If and how does the level of digital literacy
affect the use of mobile money services?
• Why did lapsed users stop using mobile
money?
• Are nonusers aware of mobile money
services? If yes, why they are not using
them?
• What routine financial transactions do
participants conduct, what goods and
services do they buy, and how do they
make those financial decisions?
• Which of these transactions are the most
difficult to conduct?
• Can mobile money serve participants’ daily
transaction needs, and, if so, how?
UGANDA
4. LOCATION AND PARTICIPANT PROFILE
UGANDA
• Fieldwork took place between Nov. 27 and Dec. 11, 2013
• Kampala was pre-selected as the urban location in the Central region.
• Other regions were selected based on the density of mobile money activity, which was based
on the FII national survey findings.
• Districts were randomly selected from FII national survey locations.
• The age group for all participants was 25-34.
• There were eight participants in each group.
*Central region: Urban locations were selected from Kampala district. Rural locations were selected from Lwengo and
Mpigi districts.
**Eastern region: Urban and rural locations were selected from Jinja, Mbale and Kamuli districts.
Central Region* Eastern Region**
Urban, lapsed user, income below poverty
line
2 male groups 3 male groups
Urban, nonuser, income below poverty line 2 male groups 1 male group
Rural, lapsed user, income below poverty
line
2 female groups 1 female group
Rural, nonuser, income below poverty line 2 female groups 3 female groups
5. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
UGANDA
Few Ugandan adults understand English, therefore, a mobile phone interface in local
languages is important for encouraging uptake and use of phone-based services.
An unstable mobile network and the lack of trust in mobile money agents discourage uptake of
mobile money. Providers need to fix those issues before introducing any new services.
There is limited trust in mobile money due to unreliable services, fraud, and insufficient
information about transactions and charges.
Over-the-counter (OTC) users do not transition to registered use because they do not
understand the services well and neither providers nor agents educate them.
Many people have heard about the possibility of saving money on mobile phones, creating a
potential use for mWallet.
Mobile money providers could benefit from the existing saving and borrowing culture when
developing new products for tracking credit and savings via mobile money platforms.
Continuous interaction between mobile money providers and mobile money users and agents
via educational campaigns can help service providers overcome user mistrust driven by a lack
of agent knowledge about the services.
MainchallengesMarket
opportunities
7. UGANDA
Multiple SIM card ownership is common but does not lead to
ownership of mobile money accounts with more than one provider
• MTN and Airtel are the most commonly used mobile service
providers.
• Many lapsed and nonusers have SIM cards (mobile phone
accounts) with both providers so they can take advantage of
promotional rates and avoid extra charges when calling across
networks. Some use several providers because of network
instability.
• Airtel is perceived to be cheaper by some, mostly because of the
merger with Warid Telecom, who used to be the cheapest
provider.
• There is no loyalty to providers or their agents. Most lapsed
users of mobile money choose agents who are the closest in
proximity.
8. English is a challenge for mobile phone interface
UGANDA
• Most urban residents can operate phone features on their own. In rural
areas, many require help from digitally literate people in their
communities.
• Among rural participants women are most vulnerable. Most have
difficulty interpreting menus and text messages (SMS) in English on
their phones. This prevents them from taking advantage of various
services available on the phone including mobile money.
• Airtel is addressing the English-language challenge by using local
languages for automated voice messages and menus.
The provision of interfaces and menus in local languages will reduce
confusion and could stimulate the uptake and use of mobile money.
9. Confusion with mobile phone interfaces commonly leads to
unintended subscriptions and undesired charges
UGANDA
• Many participants report being charged for mobile phone services they
do not want or did not intend to sign up for.
• Unknown and undesired charges create anxiety and frustration
because participants feel they don’t have control over their money.
• These charges cause people to lose the little money they have, create
distrust in mobile service providers and deter people from trying out
financial tools on their phone.
• Problems with mobile phone subscriptions accentuate fears among
lapsed and nonusers that mobile money is not a transparent financial
service.
Mobile money providers should be proactive in educating their current users,
and lapsed and potential users about the various services and charges.
10. A step towards mobile money use: Urban lapsed and nonusers of
mobile money are trying out the airtime borrowing service from
mobile service providers
UGANDA
• Participants in rural and urban areas
mention borrowing airtime from MTN, Airtel
and other service providers and paying it
back later.
• Although awareness about this service is
still limited, participants in both lapsed user
and nonuser focus groups have used this
service at least once.
• This service educates the users about the
concept of responsible borrowing and
repaying and has the potential to inflluence
other financial behaviors.
Borrowing airtime from providers is considered a convenient service and may
encourage uptake of other mobile phone services, including mobile money.
“Network providers give us
airtime on credit and we pay
later.” (Urban male nonuser,
Kampala)
“Whenever I don’t have credit, I
just go to any shop and
purchase airtime and I do re-
charge myself, but most of the
time I just borrow airtime from
the phone, then I pay later.”
(Rural female nonuser, Jinja)
11. Mobile money is predominantly used for transfers, only a few know
about other services
• Most nonusers have heard of mobile money even though
they don’t use the services.
• Radio advertisements, friends and relatives are the most
common sources of information about mobile money. Many
also know about mobile money because they see mobile
money agents in the areas where they live or work.
• Most lapsed users used mobile money for sending and/or
receiving money as a cheaper alternative to sending cash
with public transport drivers.
• Focus group participants agreed mobile money is a good
service for sending emergency support to someone far away.
However, uncertainty around charges/costs of transmitting
money creates suspicion towards service providers and
agents.
• Most lapsed users started using mobile money before
registering. While only a few went on to register, many
participants reported understanding the benefits of being
registered.
“The last time I used
the mobile money
service was when I
was sending money for
rent to my landlord. He
had come home earlier
to collect it but I did not
have the money.
Therefore, when I got
the money I sent it to
him via mobile money.”
(Urban male lapsed
user, Mbale)
UGANDA
12. Multiple problems with mobile money services often discourage
uptake and use
• Many participants complain of network problems that disrupt services
and limit people’s access to their own money.
• Limited understanding of charges for different transactions leads to all
charges being perceived as fraud.
• Some complain that agents are trying to charge for registration even
though they know that registration should be free.
• In addition, lapsed users had to deal with delayed transfers, misplaced
money and confusing messages from providers and recipients of
transfers.
• Finally, many lapsed users and nonusers have experienced or heard of
mobile money fraud (e.g., when they are charged different amounts for
the same service in different places by different agents).
• The multitude of service problems creates discomfort with the mobile
money service among lapsed users and nonusers, discouraging use and
leading them to search for alternative financial transaction methods or
revert to what they have always done.
“My Dad had sent
us the money
through my
brother`s account,
but to be sincere
we spent the
whole week trying
to withdraw the
money, but they
kept on telling us
the network
problem. (Rural
women nonuser,
Jinja)
UGANDA
13. Some OTC prefer the convenience of using agents over the
personal control provided by a registered account
• Some participants said they used agent
accounts to transact because they don’t
know how to do it themselves.
• Others turn to agents when the network is
down and trust them to make transactions
on their behalf when the network is back
up, thus avoiding the hassle of waiting or
returning to the agent to complete the
transaction.
“What you do is you
leave the agent with
the money and they
send it when the
network is back so all
you have to do is you
just call them to confirm
that it has been sent.”
(Rural female lapsed
user, Lwengo)
UGANDA
Network breakdowns force customers to attempt transactions several times
and can result in accounts being blocked for security reasons.
14. Among lapsed users, there are occasional users who see no need
to register
• Many lapsed users especially liked mobile
money because it was useful, fast and secure.
However they only needed it occasionally and
thus used mobile money through a husband’s
or other family member’s accounts.
• Since they did not need mobile money regularly
they did not want to register. Once an agent
tried to force them to register, they stopped
using all together.
• Some nonusers, who have heard of the
benefits registration brings, are still hesitant to
register and to use mobile money because they
don’t know the process or how it works.
“There is this friend of
mine that usually assists
me with her phone to
call my relatives and
friends; she said that
the registered users are
charged differently from
the non-registered
users, while making
mobile money
transactions.” (Rural
woman nonuser,
Kamuli)
UGANDA
16. Transaction maps: Financial activities are clustered around home or
workplace
UGANDA
• Water is a critical expense in many rural communities. In addition, households
routinely spend money on kerosene, food, soap, electricity, school fees,
hospital bills and medications.
• The bulk of transaction activities are clustered around participants’ homes. In
cases where participants work far from home, some transaction activities are
clustered around their workplaces.
• Most transactions are conducted within a 1km radius from either home or work
and are done in cash, further highlighting the preference and dependence on
cash.
• Remittance payments (P2P payments), school fees, hospital bills and paying
absentee landlords, while also routine, require people to travel longer distances
and pay transportation fees to get there.
• To conduct remittance payments, most participants choose to walk to the place
of transaction to save on transportation fees.
• Participants reported cash allows for greater flexibility in financial transactions
conducted daily, as smaller cash transactions can be paid quickly, easily and
without fees.
17. Interest in using mobile money for saving and payments,
uncertainty about how to do so
• There is a general awareness of and positive
attitude towards the idea of storing money on a
phone.
• Many are also aware that electricity bills,
hospital bills and school fees can be paid via
mobile money.
• But almost no one uses mobile money for
savings or bill pay because they do not know
which mobile money product to use or how to
use it.
• This holds out potential for new products that
make it easier to save and make payments via
mobile money.
UGANDA
“ heard someone
say that it is very
good and that you
can save on it
[mobile money].
That in case you
are sent money
and you don’t want
to use it
immediately, you
can leave it on
your [mobile
money] account.”
(Rural female
nonuser, Mpigi)
18. Small business owners and the self-employed say innovative
mobile money products can fill financial services gaps
UGANDA
• Small business owners,
including informal small
business owners, have to deal
with clients paying in
installments.
• Another challenge for small
business owners is selling to
regular customers on credit
and tracking non-paying
customers.
• Self-employed occasional
workers are often paid some
time after completing their
assignment, which require
them to go back to their work
site.
• “I started using mobile money
because I wanted to pay
people who worked for me.”
Urban male Lapsed user
Having an accounting system that accepts and tracks payments via mobile
money and also links it to future purchases would greatly benefit this market
segment.
• Self-employed workers (and their
employers) would benefit from a
payment disbursement system
able to send multiple occasional
payments.
“I started using mobile money
because I wanted to pay
people who worked for me.”
(Urban male lapsed user,
Mbale)
19. Savings and borrowing are potential transactions for
digitization
• Many women participants use Savings and
Credit Cooperative Organizations (SAACOs)
and other informal groups to save.
• They prefer to contribute regular, small amounts
to get a larger payout at the end.
• However, many participants feel informal groups
are not always reliable and money can get lost
or stolen.
• Those who save at home like to have money
available at all times. But they are also
susceptible to having money lost or stolen, and
unlike the SAACO users, they don’t get interest
on their savings.
UGANDA
“I may spend a whole week getting
goods on credit from the shop.”
(Urban male nonuser, Kampala)
• A savings tool linked to a mobile money
account that allows saving in small
increments, with a larger payout at the end,
would help to accommodate some of the
saving needs of the Ugandan participants.
• Many participants buy goods on credit at
their regular stores. These transactions
could potentially be digitized into credit
purchases using a mobile phone platform,
much like the airtime borrowing service
offered by mobile service providers.
“I keep my money in group saving with
other women. We save Ugx1000 [~ $0.4]
daily.” (Rural female nonuser, Mbale)
20. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
• Agent – A person or business contracted/registered by a DFS provider to provide services to DFS customers using their own
bank or mobile money account.
• Below the Poverty Line – In this particular study, adults living on less than $2.50 per day, as classified by the Grameen PPI.
• Digital financial services (DFS) – Financial services that are provided through an electronic platform (mobile phones, electronic
cards, the internet, etc.). For this particular study, digital financial services include bank services and mobile money
services.
• Financial inclusion – A state in which all people who are able to use them have access to a full suite of quality financial services,
provided at affordable prices, in a convenient manner, and with dignity for the clients.
• Grameen Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI) – A poverty measurement tool from the Grameen Foundation wherein a set of
country-specific questions are used to compute the likelihood that a household is living below the poverty line. PPI has been
widely accepted in the sector of financial inclusion as the basic measure of poverty.
• Lapsed user – An individual who has used a DFS on their own or somebody else's account, but has not done so in the last 90
days.
• Mobile money (mobile money) – A service in which a mobile phone is used to access financial services.
• mWallet – A data repository that houses consumer data sufficient to facilitate a financial transaction from a mobile phone.
• Nonuser – An individual who has not used a DFS on their own or somebody else's account.
• OTC users - Are mobile money users who accessed the services over the counter via a mobile money agent.
• Remittances – Money or its equivalent (food or goods) sent from one person to another (P2P payments).
• Services beyond basic wallet – DFS transactions that go beyond simple deposits, withdrawals or money transfers.
• SIM card – A removable micro-card that contains a subscriber identity module that securely stores the electronic codes used to
verify subscribers’ identities on mobile phones and computers.
• UGX – The national currency of Uganda. The only currency for mobile money transactions.
• Urban/rural – Urban and rural persons are defined according to their residence in urban or rural areas as prescribed by the
national bureau of statistics.
21. For more information, contact:
David Musiime, FII Uganda Research Manager
MusiimeD@InterMedia.org
Peter Goldstein, FII Program Director
GoldsteinP@InterMedia.org