Global economies
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There are three levels of industry: primary involves raw materials, secondary takes raw materials and makes useful items through manufacturing and construction, and tertiary provides services. The Industrial Revolution changed how items were made through mass production and new machinery. This led to different economic systems for distributing money - capitalism involves private ownership and social classes while socialism involves government control and equal distribution. Most modern economies are mixed systems that incorporate aspects of both.
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WHchap25 student
The industrial revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century, driven by new inventions and technologies. Water power and steam power allowed factories to mechanize production using machines instead of manual labor. This led to a shift from small cottage industries to large factories. While factories improved productivity, they also subjected many workers, including women and children, to long hours in dangerous conditions for low wages. This led to social unrest and the rise of labor unions seeking better conditions. Debates emerged around appropriate roles for government and capitalism in addressing these social issues.
The rise of industry
The United States became the largest industrial country in the world by 1900 due to several key factors: 1) Cheap labor from 20 million immigrants who came for jobs and to escape military service or religious persecution; 2) Plenty of natural resources like water, timber, coal, iron and copper; 3) The expansion of railroads which linked markets and stimulated spending on infrastructure; and 4) A laissez-faire government that imposed no regulations and kept taxes low, fueling industrial growth. Inventions like the telephone and light bulb also increased productivity.
Introduction to economics
This presentation discusses the following topics
Adam Smith
What is Economics
Need and Want
Economic Problem
Scarcity
Factors of Problem
Opportunity cost
Choice
Types of Products
Industrialization
The document discusses the beginnings and spread of the Industrial Revolution. It started in England in the late 1700s due to improvements in farming that led to population growth and a shift to cities. Inventions like the spinning jenny and steam power transformed industries like textiles. Railroads connected cities and boosted trade. Initially industrialization caused unhealthy urban living conditions and child labor issues, but it also created jobs and wealth over time.
Intro to ECON_Chapter 2.2
Here are the slides used in the contact sessions and voice-over PPT lecture video's. Watch the video on YouTube and then use your textbook to supplement the slides to make your own set of notes.
The second part of Chapter 2 deals with the question of HOW to produce.
Intro to ECON_Chapter 2.3
Here are the slides used in the contact sessions and voice-over PPT lecture video's. Watch the video on YouTube and then use your textbook to supplement the slides to make your own set of notes.
The third part of Chapter 2 deals with the question of FOR WHOM to produce and the different economic schools of thought and systems.
Intro to ECON_Chapter 2.1
Here are the slides used in the contact sessions and voice-over PPT lecture video's. Watch the video on YouTube and then use your textbook to supplement the slides to make your own set of notes.
The first part of Chapter 2 deals with the question of WHAT to produce.
Unit 3 thesis intro
The document provides guidance on writing an effective thesis statement. An effective thesis has two parts: it presents the paper's limited subject and the author's point of view about that subject. Examples of effective theses are given that use comparison/contrast, illustration, and cause/effect structures. The thesis should establish a tone and avoid being too opinionated, an announcement, or a factual statement. An implied pattern of development like compare/contrast should be included. The thesis is typically located in the introduction but may be delayed if needed.
Recommended
WHchap25 student
The industrial revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century, driven by new inventions and technologies. Water power and steam power allowed factories to mechanize production using machines instead of manual labor. This led to a shift from small cottage industries to large factories. While factories improved productivity, they also subjected many workers, including women and children, to long hours in dangerous conditions for low wages. This led to social unrest and the rise of labor unions seeking better conditions. Debates emerged around appropriate roles for government and capitalism in addressing these social issues.
The rise of industry
The United States became the largest industrial country in the world by 1900 due to several key factors: 1) Cheap labor from 20 million immigrants who came for jobs and to escape military service or religious persecution; 2) Plenty of natural resources like water, timber, coal, iron and copper; 3) The expansion of railroads which linked markets and stimulated spending on infrastructure; and 4) A laissez-faire government that imposed no regulations and kept taxes low, fueling industrial growth. Inventions like the telephone and light bulb also increased productivity.
Introduction to economics
This presentation discusses the following topics
Adam Smith
What is Economics
Need and Want
Economic Problem
Scarcity
Factors of Problem
Opportunity cost
Choice
Types of Products
Industrialization
The document discusses the beginnings and spread of the Industrial Revolution. It started in England in the late 1700s due to improvements in farming that led to population growth and a shift to cities. Inventions like the spinning jenny and steam power transformed industries like textiles. Railroads connected cities and boosted trade. Initially industrialization caused unhealthy urban living conditions and child labor issues, but it also created jobs and wealth over time.
Intro to ECON_Chapter 2.2
Here are the slides used in the contact sessions and voice-over PPT lecture video's. Watch the video on YouTube and then use your textbook to supplement the slides to make your own set of notes.
The second part of Chapter 2 deals with the question of HOW to produce.
Intro to ECON_Chapter 2.3
Here are the slides used in the contact sessions and voice-over PPT lecture video's. Watch the video on YouTube and then use your textbook to supplement the slides to make your own set of notes.
The third part of Chapter 2 deals with the question of FOR WHOM to produce and the different economic schools of thought and systems.
Intro to ECON_Chapter 2.1
Here are the slides used in the contact sessions and voice-over PPT lecture video's. Watch the video on YouTube and then use your textbook to supplement the slides to make your own set of notes.
The first part of Chapter 2 deals with the question of WHAT to produce.
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The document provides guidance on writing an effective thesis statement. An effective thesis has two parts: it presents the paper's limited subject and the author's point of view about that subject. Examples of effective theses are given that use comparison/contrast, illustration, and cause/effect structures. The thesis should establish a tone and avoid being too opinionated, an announcement, or a factual statement. An implied pattern of development like compare/contrast should be included. The thesis is typically located in the introduction but may be delayed if needed.
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The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain from a largely agricultural society to an industrialized one between 1750-1850. New technologies like the steam engine and mechanized textile manufacturing enabled a shift from domestic production to factory production. This increased agricultural productivity led to a population boom, providing a large workforce for the new factories. While industrialization brought economic growth and innovations, it also resulted in poor working conditions, urbanization, and social/economic inequality that sparked labor reforms and ideological movements such as socialism and communism.
Industrialism
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, transportation, and technology had a profound socioeconomic impact. This included a shift from an agricultural to industrial economy based on factory production rather than home production. New technologies like the steam engine allowed factories to mass produce goods. This led to urbanization as people moved to cities to work in the factories. While industrialization increased production, it also led to poor living and working conditions for many.
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Presentation2.pptx
Industrial development involves manufacturing and industrial processes that drive economic growth and development. The document discusses the history and key aspects of industrialization, including its role in transforming economies from agricultural to manufacturing-based. Industrialization is characterized by increasing mechanization, division of labor, and use of technology. It provides benefits like higher incomes, employment, productivity, and living standards. Countries developed different models of industrialization, and it remains an important process for economic development.
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Industrial Revolution
- The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1750s due to several factors: population growth which increased demand for goods and provided more workers, agricultural improvements which increased food production and displaced rural workers, technological progress such as steam power, and favorable political and economic conditions.
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Economic history its trends and future
The document discusses key concepts related to economic institutions and systems. It defines economy as a social institution that organizes a society's production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Throughout history, economic systems have evolved from simple structures in primitive societies to today's more complex systems. Modern economies can generally be categorized as capitalist, socialist, or mixed. The functions of economic institutions include meeting basic needs, generating income and employment, promoting trade and investment, and more.
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The document discusses key concepts related to economics and social structures. It covers the three sectors of an economy - primary, secondary, and tertiary. The two main economic systems, capitalism and socialism, are defined by their principles of private vs state ownership, profit vs central planning. Hybrid systems like democratic socialism and state capitalism are also examined. The role of cooperatives, non-profits, and social enterprises in the social economy is outlined. The impacts and importance of technology and division of labor in economic development are summarized.
Industrial rev all parts
The document summarizes the key circumstances and developments of the Industrial Revolution that began in Britain in the late 18th century. It discusses factors such as population growth, agricultural advances, and the development of new technologies like steam power that enabled industrialization. The shift from rural cottage industries to urban factory systems led to new social problems and inequality while also spurring political reforms around issues like labor laws and abolition of slavery. The Industrial Revolution ultimately spread beyond Britain and transformed economies and societies around the world.
UNIT 4. GEOGRAPHY. The economy
This document provides an overview of economic concepts including:
- The three main economic sectors: primary, secondary, and tertiary
- Factors of production that enable economic activity including natural resources, capital, technology, knowledge, and labor
- How populations are classified as economically active or inactive
- Unemployment and its negative effects on the economy
- The organization of labor markets and relations between employers and unions
- Different economic systems including subsistence, communist, and capitalist systems
The industrial-revolution
The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain from a largely agricultural society to an industrialized one between the late 18th and early 19th centuries. New technologies like the steam engine and mechanized textile manufacturing led people to move from rural areas to cities where factories were located. This rapid urbanization strained city infrastructure and living conditions, with overcrowded slums and poor sanitation. While factory owners profited, workers faced long hours, dangerous conditions, low pay, and few rights. The Revolution also brought new ideas about economics, politics, and society that still influence the modern world.
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This document discusses pronoun case and usage. It explains that subjects and predicate nominatives use the nominative case, while objects use the objective case. It provides examples of pronoun pairs and whether to use nominative or objective case. It also discusses pronoun-noun pairs and pronouns following "than". Finally, it explains how to determine whether to use "who" or "whom" based on if the pronoun is acting as the subject or object.
Pronoun agreement
Four situations can lead to pronoun agreement issues: compound subjects, collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, and shifts in pronoun person. To address these issues, the pronoun must agree in number and person with its antecedent, or the antecedent can be changed to agree with the pronoun. Some examples are provided of correct and incorrect pronoun usage based on these four situations.
Pronoun agreement
Four situations can lead to pronoun agreement issues: compound subjects, collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, and shifts in pronoun person. To address these issues, the pronoun must agree in number and person with its antecedent, or the antecedent can be changed to agree with the pronoun. Some examples are provided of correct and incorrect usages of pronouns in these different situations.
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- When an exponent is raised to another exponent, you multiply the exponents
- When a variable has a negative exponent, you change its position in a fraction and the exponent becomes positive
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Similar to Global economies
Lec x Economy as Social Institution - Imran Ahmad Sajid
These are the Slides for MA (Final year) Students of the Department of Social Work, University of Peshawar.
Course Title: Social Institutions and Social System of Pakistani Society
Dr. Imran Ahmad Sajid
Economy...as a social institution
The document summarizes key aspects of the economy as a social institution. It discusses three major revolutions - agricultural, industrial, and information - that transformed economic structures over thousands of years. The agricultural revolution led to specialized work and trade. The industrial revolution centralized work in factories and manufacturing. The information revolution shifted the economy from tangible goods to ideas and services. The document also compares economic models like capitalism, socialism, and mixed systems.
The industrial-revolution
The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain from a largely agricultural society to an industrialized one between 1750-1850. New technologies like the steam engine and mechanized textile manufacturing enabled a shift from domestic production to factory production. This increased agricultural productivity led to a population boom, providing a large workforce for the new factories. While industrialization brought economic growth and innovations, it also resulted in poor working conditions, urbanization, and social/economic inequality that sparked labor reforms and ideological movements such as socialism and communism.
Industrialism
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, transportation, and technology had a profound socioeconomic impact. This included a shift from an agricultural to industrial economy based on factory production rather than home production. New technologies like the steam engine allowed factories to mass produce goods. This led to urbanization as people moved to cities to work in the factories. While industrialization increased production, it also led to poor living and working conditions for many.
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Presentation2.pptx
Industrial development involves manufacturing and industrial processes that drive economic growth and development. The document discusses the history and key aspects of industrialization, including its role in transforming economies from agricultural to manufacturing-based. Industrialization is characterized by increasing mechanization, division of labor, and use of technology. It provides benefits like higher incomes, employment, productivity, and living standards. Countries developed different models of industrialization, and it remains an important process for economic development.
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Industrial Revolution
- The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1750s due to several factors: population growth which increased demand for goods and provided more workers, agricultural improvements which increased food production and displaced rural workers, technological progress such as steam power, and favorable political and economic conditions.
- Industrialization transformed Britain into a capitalist industrial society with new social classes including industrial workers who faced difficult working conditions and the rise of social movements seeking better treatment of workers.
Economic history its trends and future
The document discusses key concepts related to economic institutions and systems. It defines economy as a social institution that organizes a society's production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Throughout history, economic systems have evolved from simple structures in primitive societies to today's more complex systems. Modern economies can generally be categorized as capitalist, socialist, or mixed. The functions of economic institutions include meeting basic needs, generating income and employment, promoting trade and investment, and more.
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The document discusses key concepts related to economics and social structures. It covers the three sectors of an economy - primary, secondary, and tertiary. The two main economic systems, capitalism and socialism, are defined by their principles of private vs state ownership, profit vs central planning. Hybrid systems like democratic socialism and state capitalism are also examined. The role of cooperatives, non-profits, and social enterprises in the social economy is outlined. The impacts and importance of technology and division of labor in economic development are summarized.
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The document summarizes the key circumstances and developments of the Industrial Revolution that began in Britain in the late 18th century. It discusses factors such as population growth, agricultural advances, and the development of new technologies like steam power that enabled industrialization. The shift from rural cottage industries to urban factory systems led to new social problems and inequality while also spurring political reforms around issues like labor laws and abolition of slavery. The Industrial Revolution ultimately spread beyond Britain and transformed economies and societies around the world.
UNIT 4. GEOGRAPHY. The economy
This document provides an overview of economic concepts including:
- The three main economic sectors: primary, secondary, and tertiary
- Factors of production that enable economic activity including natural resources, capital, technology, knowledge, and labor
- How populations are classified as economically active or inactive
- Unemployment and its negative effects on the economy
- The organization of labor markets and relations between employers and unions
- Different economic systems including subsistence, communist, and capitalist systems
The industrial-revolution
The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain from a largely agricultural society to an industrialized one between the late 18th and early 19th centuries. New technologies like the steam engine and mechanized textile manufacturing led people to move from rural areas to cities where factories were located. This rapid urbanization strained city infrastructure and living conditions, with overcrowded slums and poor sanitation. While factory owners profited, workers faced long hours, dangerous conditions, low pay, and few rights. The Revolution also brought new ideas about economics, politics, and society that still influence the modern world.
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The document discusses the history of industrial revolutions from the first to the potential fourth. It outlines key events and innovations of each revolution including the shift from manual to mechanized production in the first revolution. The second revolution brought faster machines and mass production while the third was defined by the information revolution and digital technologies. Technological change is defined and examples given of how it has impacted electronics, automobiles, and computer industries through cost reductions, increased production speed and quality, and job losses. Market and potential for market failure are also defined.
The industrial revolution
The document summarizes key aspects and impacts of the Industrial Revolution in Britain between 1750-1850. It describes factors like the location of coal resources that enabled the revolution to begin in Britain. It discusses agricultural and population growth during this period and how new farming techniques led to more efficient production and lower food prices. This availability of cheap food allowed the population to rapidly expand. The document also outlines how new technologies like the steam engine and cotton gin drove industrialization and transformed society through the rise of factories and urbanization. Overall, it analyzes major economic, social, and cultural changes the Industrial Revolution brought, for better and worse, through these technological innovations.
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This document discusses the history of business and industrialization in India from ancient times to modern globalization. It covers the beginnings of business through barter systems in ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley, the development of coinage and trade during empires like Maurya and Mughal, and the effects of British colonial rule and policies that introduced industrialization. The document then defines globalization and its impacts on factors like goods, labor, capital, technology, culture and the environment in India. It also examines the process of industrialization in Europe, its introduction to India by the British, and phases of industrial growth in post-independence India.
Industrial revolution part 1
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of the world. It transformed manufacturing from small-scale production done by hand to large-scale production using machines powered by steam engines fueled by coal. This required a reliable source of raw materials, capital, labor, and markets. The Industrial Revolution improved transportation but also led to unsafe working conditions, pollution, and wealth inequality between the new industrialists and the workers. Reforms were eventually implemented to address some of the negative social impacts.
Lesson 5 labor
During the Industrial Revolution, factories required large amounts of cheap labor to produce goods through mass production and earn a profit. This led farmers, women, and children as young as 3 years old to work under dangerous conditions in factories. This created a new social class called the proletariat, made up of industrial workers like miners, mill workers, and machine operators. Child labor was especially exploitative, with children facing the same risks as adults but working long hours without breaks, often resulting in health issues or death. The growing middle class occupied new skilled jobs like merchants and factory owners. Overall, the difficult working conditions and exploitation of labor led to demands for reforms and riots over living standards.
New economics
This document provides an overview of economics as a social science. It discusses that economics concerns the production and distribution of wealth between countries and agents. It also explains that economics can be analyzed through microeconomic and macroeconomic models. The document outlines the key agents in an economy as households, firms, government, banks, and the rest of the world. It also discusses the importance of studying economics and the concepts of needs, wants, goods, services, and the factors of production including land, labor, capital and organization. Finally, it describes the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors of economic activity.
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This document provides guidelines for using proper names, numbers, and titles in writing. It recommends using words for numbers that are one or two words, or when they begin a sentence, and using numerals otherwise. Specific guidelines are given for titles, measurements, dates, abbreviations, regions, and units of measure. The document aims to establish consistent rules for incorporating these elements into written work.
Argumentation persuasion
This document provides guidance on developing effective argumentation and persuasion in essays. It discusses using clear thinking and logic (logos) to make sound arguments, as well as appealing to emotion and values (pathos) to persuade readers. Key aspects covered include identifying a clear, controversial thesis; supporting it with evidence while acknowledging opposing views; using inductive or deductive reasoning; and avoiding logical fallacies. The goal is to achieve balance between logos, pathos and establishing credibility/reliability (ethos).
Punctuation rules
The document provides guidelines for using punctuation marks such as commas, apostrophes, parentheses, hyphens, and dashes in writing. It lists appropriate uses of each punctuation mark, such as using commas between items in a series, using apostrophes to indicate possession or omitted letters, using parentheses to enclose parenthetical information, and using hyphens to break or combine words or numbers.
Definition essay
This document provides guidance on writing a definition essay. It explains that definitions can mean different things to different people and discusses strategies for an effective definition essay, including focusing on purpose and audience, formulating an effective definition through examples, compare and contrast, classification, analysis, or narration, and writing an introduction that explains the word's origin or provides a stipulative definition. It also provides tips for revising such as ensuring a clear definition and consistent tone.
The sovereign state
The document defines the key features of a sovereign state as having a population living in a defined territory with a government that has sovereignty, or the power to make and enforce laws without being subordinate to another authority. It then lists the four main roles of government as protecting the country, keeping order, helping citizens, and making laws. Examples are provided that fit under each of the four roles.
Who rules ppt
This document provides a quiz to test the reader's knowledge of different forms of government. It presents multiple choice questions that distinguish between autocracy, democracy, dictatorship, theocracy, monarchy, oligarchy, anarchy, junta, and direct and representative democracy. The document then provides scenarios about different countries and asks the reader to identify the forms of government for each: Switzerland has direct and representative democracy; South Africa had oligarchy and apartheid; North Korea has autocracy; Saudi Arabia has monarchy and theocracy; Denmark has constitutional monarchy and representative democracy; Brazil has representative democracy.
Global cultures
This document summarizes and compares global cultures and human institutions. It outlines two basic world cultures - Western and Eastern - and describes their differences in areas like family structure, individualism, and forms of government. It then discusses three main human institutions: family, religion, and government. For religion, it provides overviews of several major faiths, including Catholicism, Orthodoxy, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.
Population pyramid
This document contains two population pyramids labeled A and B. Population pyramid A shows a wide base that narrows as it rises, indicating a developing country with high birth and death rates. Population pyramid B has a narrow base that broadens near the top, representing a developed nation with low birth and death rates and an aging population.
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Capitalization, underlining and italics, numbers, abbreviations
Capitalization, underlining and italics, numbers, abbreviations
Global economies
- 2. INDUSTRY • There are three levels of industry – Primary • Ppl work directly with raw materials – – – – Fishing Farming ( subsistence or commercial) Forestry Mining – Secondary • Ppl take the raw materials and create useful items – Manufacturing – Construction
- 3. • Tertiary – Ppl provide a service • • • • • • • Utilities Transportation Communication Financial Government Medical Entertainment
- 4. Industrial Revolution • Changed how items were made • Occured in the 1800’s • Introduced a new type of economy
- 5. • Hand-made by a few skilled craftsmen • Family business • Start to finish operation • Simple hand tools • High quality product • Limited supply • Made to specifications – wait • Simplier lifestyle • Expensive STUFF is MADE PRE POST • Mass produced by large numbers of semi-skilled • Corporation owned • Limited exposure to full process • Company owned machines and tools • Lesser quality • Lots of choices – walk away with it • Materialistic • Cheaper
- 6. • The Industrial Revolution created a unique situation. . . Who gets the money? • The answer to this question are three basic economic systems found around the world . • Capitalism • Socialism • Mixed ( 1989)
- 7. Capitalism • Capital means money • The system known as capitalism is also called a free market system • Capitalism is the oldest and most successful system • Characteristics: – Private or corporate ownership – Start up businesses, risk, success or failure, great wealth – Three social classes, rich, middle, poor
- 8. Socialism • There are several levels of socialism, the most extreme is communism • The goal of socialism/communism is to make everyone equal • Characteristics: – Government owns and controls industry – Profits go to government and distributed equally – Elimination of work ethic and competition • Socialism/communism is unbiblical because – II Thess 3:10 – I Tim 5:18 Prov 3:27 Prov 6:6
- 9. Pure Capitalism United States Mixed Communism North Korea China Vietnam Cambodia Loas Cuba
- 10. Pure Capitalism United States Mixed Communism North Korea China Vietnam Cambodia Loas Cuba