John Snow used geographic information system (GIS) techniques in 1854 to map cholera cases in London and discover the source of the outbreak. He mapped locations of cases, roads, property boundaries, and water lines, and saw that cases clustered along the water line of a specific pump. This was an early example of using layers on a map for analysis and helped identify the water source as causing the outbreak. Since then, GIS has evolved from static paper maps to dynamic digital maps that allow more complex analysis and problem solving across various domains like conservation, policing, education, and retail site selection and inventory.

1. MMS (17-19)
Welingkar Institute Of Management

3. The remarkable history of GIS
• In 1854, Cholera hit the city of London, England.
• British physician John Snow began mapping outbreak locations, roads, property
boundaries and water lines.
• When he added these features to a map, he saw that Cholera cases were
commonly found along the water line.
• John Snow’s Cholera map was a major event connecting geography and public
health safety.
• The work of John Snow demonstrated that GIS is a problem-solving tool. He put
geographic layers on a paper map and made a life-saving discovery.
• We go from static paper maps to dynamic digital maps.
• We go from basic analysis to more complex problem solving.

5. GIS
• GIS software is designed to capture, manage, analyze, and display all forms
of geographically referenced information.
• It allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize our world
in ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps,
globes, reports, and charts.
• Resulting patterns and trends seen on a digital map much easier than
viewing the data on spreadsheets

6. GIS maps are put together in layers so that we can see a geography that
we can analyse.
Each layer contains similar features such as streets or rivers.
Not just about cartography or creating maps, it also gives us the power of
spatial analysis where we see relationships across physical spaces.

7. Application of GIS
CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS:
• Predict the likely consequences of global warming.
• Manage conservation in national parks.
• Maintain the biodiversity of our landscape.
POLICE FORCES
• To discover patterns in criminal activities and plan operations much more
strategically
Department of Education
• to make sure they provide the right number of school places for children in
the right locations

8. GIS in Retail
Retailers like Nike and Levis use GIS:
• To pinpoint the best locations for new stores and stock items that
match local customers needs
• To avoid making costly mistakes while opening new retail locations.
• Complex analysis become simple and decisions become clear because
Knowing where things happen matter to a business.

9. Thank you!!