TYBSC IT PGIS Unit I Chapter I- Introduction to Geographic Information SystemsArti Parab Academics
A Gentle Introduction to GIS The nature of GIS: Some fundamental observations, Defining GIS, GISystems, GIScience and GIApplications, Spatial data and Geoinformation. The real world and representations of it: Models and modelling, Maps, Databases, Spatial databases and spatial analysis
Application of GIS in Flood Hazard Mapping - GIS I Fundamentals - CEI40 - AGAAhmed Gamal Abdel Gawad
Contents of the presentation:
• Overview
• GIS Basics
• Water Resources Engineering
• GIS and Water Resources
• Flood Hazard Mapping
• Research Paper
• Flood mapping in ArcGIS
TYBSC IT PGIS Unit I Chapter I- Introduction to Geographic Information SystemsArti Parab Academics
A Gentle Introduction to GIS The nature of GIS: Some fundamental observations, Defining GIS, GISystems, GIScience and GIApplications, Spatial data and Geoinformation. The real world and representations of it: Models and modelling, Maps, Databases, Spatial databases and spatial analysis
Application of GIS in Flood Hazard Mapping - GIS I Fundamentals - CEI40 - AGAAhmed Gamal Abdel Gawad
Contents of the presentation:
• Overview
• GIS Basics
• Water Resources Engineering
• GIS and Water Resources
• Flood Hazard Mapping
• Research Paper
• Flood mapping in ArcGIS
Geosys GIS training programs aims to give a strong theoretical foundation and excellent hands-on skills to prepare participants explore careers in and meet the challenges of the GIS world
GEOSYS Provides best classroom,Online,Corparate GIS(Geographic Information System) Trainings With 100% Live Projects,Job Placements,15+ Certifed Faculty,24*7 Lab Access in Hyderabad,Ameerpet @ 9581817878
http://geosys.co.in/home.html
This is most benificial for the First year Engineering students.This presentation consists of videos and many applications of GIS. The processes and the other parts of GIS is also nicely explained.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Geosys GIS training programs aims to give a strong theoretical foundation and excellent hands-on skills to prepare participants explore careers in and meet the challenges of the GIS world
GEOSYS Provides best classroom,Online,Corparate GIS(Geographic Information System) Trainings With 100% Live Projects,Job Placements,15+ Certifed Faculty,24*7 Lab Access in Hyderabad,Ameerpet @ 9581817878
http://geosys.co.in/home.html
This is most benificial for the First year Engineering students.This presentation consists of videos and many applications of GIS. The processes and the other parts of GIS is also nicely explained.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
2. What does GIS stand for?
2
• Geographic
(Geography)
• Information
• System
3. Defining Geographic Information System (GIS)
3
• The common ground between information processing and the many
fields using spatial analysis techniques. (Tomlinson, 1972)
• A powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving,
transforming, and displaying spatial data from the real world.
(Burroughs, 1986)
• A computerized database management system for the capture,
storage, retrieval, analysis and display of spatial (locationally
defined) data. (NCGIA, 1987)
• A decision support system involving the integration of spatially
referenced data in a problem solving environment. (Cowen, 1988)
4. Geographic Information System (GIS)
4
▸ A computer-based system for the collection,
storage, organization, maintenance, and analysis of
spatially-referenced data, and the output of
spatially-referenced information.
▹ Data – Any collection of related facts; the basic
elements of information.
▹ Information - Data that have been processed to be
useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and
"when" questions
▸ Information can only come from accurate data.
5. Why study GIS ?
5
The world is so large, complex and there are many people and feature in it, It is
important to know what is happening where.
80% of local government activities estimated to be geographically based
plats, zoning, public works (streets, water supply, sewers), garbage collection, land
ownership and valuation, public safety (fire and police)
a significant portion of state government has a geographical component
natural resource management
highways and transportation
businesses use GIS for a very wide array of applications
retail site selection & customer analysis
logistics: vehicle tracking & routing
natural resource exploration (petroleum, etc.)
precision agriculture
civil engineering and construction
Military and defense
Battlefield management
Satellite imagery interpretation
scientific research employs GIS
geography, geology, botany, anthropology, sociology, economics, political science
Epidemiology, criminology
7. Is GIS about software only?
Information systems help us to manage what we know, by making easy to organise and store,
access and retrieve, manipulate and synthesize, and apply knowledge to the solution of
problems.
But is GIS about computers only?
Some definitions of GIS focus on the hardware, software, data and analysis of components.
However, no GIS exist in isolation from the organizational context, and there must always be
people to plan, implement and operate the system as well as make decision based on the
output.
A Geographic Information System is not only about computers, software and electronic data.
A GIS is an organised collection of :
– Hardware
– Software
– Network
– Data
– Procedures
– And people! Source: Longley et al (2005) Geographic Information Systems and Science. 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
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8. Geographical Information
Geographical Information is different from other kinds of information and therefore
requires special methods to be analysed. Here are some of the characteristics
that make geographical information special:
• Multidimensional – at least two coordinates must be specified to define a
location
• Voluminous – a geographic database can easily reach a terabyte in size
• Different Representations - and how this is done can strongly influence the
ease of analysis and the end results
• Requires projection to flat surface
• Requires unique analysis methods
• Analyses require data integration
• Data updates are expensive and time consuming
• Map displays require fast data retrieval
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9. Types of GIS
There are a number of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) (or GIS software)
available today. They range from high-powered analytical software to visual web
applications, and each of those are used for a different purpose.
Due to the vast number of GIS available it is simply not possible to provide
training for each in this course. However, there are common feature in all GIS.
Understanding these basic features will give you confidence with any GIS system
that you use in the future.
Three groups of GIS:
• Web-based GIS:
• Geobrowser: Google Earth
• Desktop GIS: ArcGIS
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10. Desktop GIS
A GIS, or GIS software, allows you to interactively work with spatial data. A desktop GIS is a
mapping software that needs to be installed onto and runs on a personal computer.
In this course, we will use ArcGIS, which is developed by ESRI. ArcGIS is what ESRI refer to as a
suite of products which can be tailored to your need. ArcGIS is used for a vast range of
activities, covering both commercial and educational uses.
The basic version of ArcGIS is what we will be using in this course and is all the majority of GIS
users will ever need.
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11. Geobrowser
A Geobrowser is better explained
with reference to an internet
browser, i.e. Internet Explorer. In
short, a geobrowser can be
understood as an Internet Explorer
for geographic information. Like the
internet it allows the combination of
many types of geographic data
from many different sources. The
biggest difference between the
World Wide Web and the
geographic web however is that
everything within the latter is
spatially referenced.
Google Earth is the most popular
geobrowser available and will be
the one used for this course.
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13. Web-based GIS
Web-based GIS, or WebGIS, are
online GIS applications which in
most cases are excellent data
visualisation tools. Their
functionality is limited compared
to software stored on your
computer, but they are user-
friendly and particularly useful as
they not required data download.
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15. GIS strengths
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▸ More efficiently visualized updates
▸ Easy and effective display
▸ Good database management system for spatial
information
▸ Able to integrate data from many different sources (but…)
16. GIS Weaknesses
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▸ Cost and difficulty of database creation
▸ Higher accuracy, higher costs
▸ Integration of data from diverse sources can result in poor
overall accuracy if not well managed
18. Defining What People Know
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▸ Data
▹ Numbers, text, symbols which in some sense are neutral and
context-free
▹ Raw geographical facts: what is the temperature, pressure, type
of tree, building, etc.
▸ Information
▹ Implies some degree of selection, organization, or preparation
for a particular purpose.
▹ Data serving some purpose
▹ Data given some degree of interpretation
▹ Can be costly to produce but inexpensive to reproduce and
distribute
19. Defining What People Know
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▸ Knowledge
▹ Information to which value has been added by
interpretation based on some context, experience,
or purpose.
▹ The information on a map, or book, or on the
internet becomes knowledge only when it has
been read and understood .
20. Defining What People Know
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▸ Wisdom
▹ Used in the context of decisions made or advice given
▹ Based on all knowledge available, but given with some
understanding of likely consequences
▹ Highly individualized and difficult to create or share within a
group
▹ The top-level in the hierarchy of decision-making infrastructure.
21. Computer
Science/MIS
graphics
visualization
database
system administration
security
Knowledge Base for GIS
21
GIS
Application Area:
public admin.
planning
geology
mineral exploration
forestry
site selection
marketing
civil engineering
criminal justice
surveying
Geography
and related:
cartography
geodesy
photogrammetry
landforms
spatial statistics.
The convergence of technological fields and traditional
disciplines.
23. Application of GIS
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• Retail
• Government
• Law Enforcement
Strategy
• Analysis of election results
• Predictive Modeling
Political Science
• Neighborhood Land Prices
• Traffic Impact Analysis
Real Estate
• Demographic Analysis
• Site Selection
• Market penetration
Business
24. Application of GIS
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• Epidemiology
• Needs Analysis
Health care
• Enrollment Projections
• School Bus Routing
Education Administration
• Zoning, Subdivision Planning
• Economic Development
• Emergency Response
• Code Enforcement
• Tax Assessment
Urban Planning And
Management
• Monitoring environmental risks
• Management of watersheds, floodplains,
wetlands, aquifers
• Groundwater modeling and contamination
tracking
• Hazardous or toxic facility siting
Environmental Science
