Researcher KnowHow session 1 of 3 presented by Ruaraidh Hill PhD MSc FHEA Lecturer in evidence synthesis and Michelle Maden PhD MAFHEA Postdoc research associate in evidence synthesis at the University of Liverpool on 22nd November 2021.
This document provides guidance on developing a search strategy for a systematic review. It discusses defining key concepts to search, identifying appropriate sources and search terms, using Boolean operators and limits to combine terms, and tips for conducting, recording, and reporting searches. The goal is to comprehensively and systematically identify all relevant evidence to answer the review question while minimizing bias. Developing an effective search strategy is a crucial step in the systematic review process.
Researcher KnowHow session presented by Michelle Maden PhD MA FHEA, Postdoc research associate in evidence synthesis, Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group
Researcher KnowHow session presented by Ruaraidh Hill PhD MSc FHEA Lecturer in evidence synthesis at the University of Liverpool and Angela Boland MSc PhD PGCert (LTHE)Director –Liverpool Reviews & Implementation Group
Researcher KnowHow session at the University of Liverpool from 15th March 2021 presented by Ruaraidh Hill, Angela Boland, Michelle Maden.
The session provided advice on conducting key activities in a systematic review. It can also provide a ‘top-up’ to the 3 part series of workshops about systematic reviews which ran earlier in the academic session. Suitable for postgraduates and staff planning or doing a systematic review for the first time or who wish to brush up on their knowledge.
It focuses on key steps in doing a systematic review. It offers brief practical advice, showcase tools and share top tips for progressing your review.
Presentation at: Developing Search Methods for Systematic Review Workshop; September 19, 2015; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre , Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Included Topics: developing search protocols for systematic reviews, search strategies, search resources, search levels, search operators, management of search results, search and information management methods.
1 - Systematic Literature Reviews: introduction and methodsVittorio Scarano
For the first of the two seminars on Systematic Literature Review, here the principles and methods of SLR are presented. The seminar is meant for PhD students and was given at the Computer Science PhD Program at the University of Salerno, Italy
This document provides an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. It defines a systematic review as a review that uses explicit and reproducible methods to minimize bias in identifying, appraising, and synthesizing results from relevant studies. It notes key characteristics of systematic reviews include having a focused question, comprehensive literature search strategies, explicit inclusion/exclusion criteria, quality assessment of studies, and qualitative or quantitative data synthesis. Meta-analysis is defined as a statistical approach to pooling quantitative results from multiple studies. The document outlines the steps involved in conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses, including developing a protocol, searching for evidence, screening studies, extracting and analyzing data, and reporting results. It highlights the importance of systematic reviews in providing reliable evidence to inform
For the second of the two seminars on Systematic Literature Review, here the tools useful for SLR are presented. The seminar is meant for PhD students and was given at the Computer Science PhD Program at the University of Salerno, Italy
This document provides guidance on developing a search strategy for a systematic review. It discusses defining key concepts to search, identifying appropriate sources and search terms, using Boolean operators and limits to combine terms, and tips for conducting, recording, and reporting searches. The goal is to comprehensively and systematically identify all relevant evidence to answer the review question while minimizing bias. Developing an effective search strategy is a crucial step in the systematic review process.
Researcher KnowHow session presented by Michelle Maden PhD MA FHEA, Postdoc research associate in evidence synthesis, Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group
Researcher KnowHow session presented by Ruaraidh Hill PhD MSc FHEA Lecturer in evidence synthesis at the University of Liverpool and Angela Boland MSc PhD PGCert (LTHE)Director –Liverpool Reviews & Implementation Group
Researcher KnowHow session at the University of Liverpool from 15th March 2021 presented by Ruaraidh Hill, Angela Boland, Michelle Maden.
The session provided advice on conducting key activities in a systematic review. It can also provide a ‘top-up’ to the 3 part series of workshops about systematic reviews which ran earlier in the academic session. Suitable for postgraduates and staff planning or doing a systematic review for the first time or who wish to brush up on their knowledge.
It focuses on key steps in doing a systematic review. It offers brief practical advice, showcase tools and share top tips for progressing your review.
Presentation at: Developing Search Methods for Systematic Review Workshop; September 19, 2015; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre , Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Included Topics: developing search protocols for systematic reviews, search strategies, search resources, search levels, search operators, management of search results, search and information management methods.
1 - Systematic Literature Reviews: introduction and methodsVittorio Scarano
For the first of the two seminars on Systematic Literature Review, here the principles and methods of SLR are presented. The seminar is meant for PhD students and was given at the Computer Science PhD Program at the University of Salerno, Italy
This document provides an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. It defines a systematic review as a review that uses explicit and reproducible methods to minimize bias in identifying, appraising, and synthesizing results from relevant studies. It notes key characteristics of systematic reviews include having a focused question, comprehensive literature search strategies, explicit inclusion/exclusion criteria, quality assessment of studies, and qualitative or quantitative data synthesis. Meta-analysis is defined as a statistical approach to pooling quantitative results from multiple studies. The document outlines the steps involved in conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses, including developing a protocol, searching for evidence, screening studies, extracting and analyzing data, and reporting results. It highlights the importance of systematic reviews in providing reliable evidence to inform
For the second of the two seminars on Systematic Literature Review, here the tools useful for SLR are presented. The seminar is meant for PhD students and was given at the Computer Science PhD Program at the University of Salerno, Italy
FDA inspections ( how to survive an FDA inspection)shaik malangsha
This document provides guidance on how to prepare for and survive a FDA inspection of a clinical trial site. It discusses the different types of inspections, including routine inspections triggered by an application submission and for-cause inspections due to complaints. When receiving notice of an inspection, key steps are to obtain inspection details, notify relevant parties, and prepare documents and staff. During the inspection, escort the inspector, provide requested documents, answer questions honestly but do not speculate. The inspector will verify study conduct and documentation.
The document outlines the six steps to writing an effective research paper:
1. Define the problem or task by choosing a topic that is neither too narrow nor too broad and stating it as a question.
2. Find background information by brainstorming what is already known, identifying keywords, and reading an encyclopedia article on the topic.
3. Gather sources such as reference books, articles, websites, and databases and decide which will be used.
4. Collect information by researching the topic, taking notes without plagiarizing, and recording bibliographic information for every source.
5. Organize the information by beginning to write the paper to answer the research question for the intended audience.
6.
Importance and Challenges of Reproducible ResearchVladimir Kanchev
A conference presentation with description of reproducible research and challenges to its application at research institutions and universities in Bulgaria (in Balkan countries, in general).
Systematic literature review: An introductionKhalid Mahmood
This document introduces systematic literature reviews and compares them to narrative reviews. It defines a systematic literature review as a review of a clearly formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select, critically appraise, and analyze relevant research studies. Systematic reviews aim to minimize bias by following a reproducible methodology. They collate all empirical evidence from studies that meet pre-specified eligibility criteria in order to answer a specific research question. The document outlines the importance of systematic reviews and lists their key characteristics, such as having a clearly stated objective and explicit search methods to identify all eligible studies.
The document provides an overview of how to conduct a systematic search to identify relevant research for a systematic review. It discusses developing a clear research question, selecting appropriate databases and sources, developing a search strategy using subject headings and keywords, applying limits and screens, and exporting references to a citation manager. Tips are provided for developing an effective search strategy, applying it across multiple databases, and identifying additional relevant studies through other methods like hand searching. Contact information is given for experts available to help with the systematic search process.
Awareness on ISO 9001:2015 (QMS)
QMS= Quality Management System
In this presentation, there is basic awareness regarding quality management system. In this we will be discussing Quality Assurance and Quality Control and methodology to achieve continual improvements.
PDCA- Plan, do, Check, Act activity for continual improvements
Defination, types, importance of research methods. Characteristics, methods of research, Qualitative & Quantitative research, Objectives of research, difference of research methods, research in pharmacy, criteria for good research
A systematic review (SR) is a rigorous and organized method to synthesize
the evidence from multiple studies on a particular research question or topic.
The purpose of a systematic review is to identify, appraise, and summarize all
available evidence relevant to a specific research question in a transparent
and replicable manner.
It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of academic literature
concerning a particular research question of topic.
This presentation explores the steps nee
The document discusses principles of auditing, including definitions of audits and different types of audits such as internal, external, first party, second party, and third party audits. It also covers the audit process, including planning, conducting the audit, analyzing results, and follow-up. Requirements for internal audits according to ISO/TS 16949:2002 are summarized, including auditing the quality management system, manufacturing processes, and products to verify conformity.
Presentation how to write a research protocolSushma Sharma
This document provides guidance on developing a research protocol. It explains that a protocol establishes the design and methodology for a research study. The key components of a protocol include the title, introduction/background, objectives, study design, population and recruitment, variables, data collection tools, analysis plan, timeline, and dissemination strategy. Developing a clear protocol is important to gain approval, plan the study, avoid mistakes, and evaluate the research. It should provide enough detail that the study could be replicated by others.
This document discusses conducting a literature review for research. It covers searching existing literature, reviewing selected literature, and developing theoretical and conceptual frameworks. The key steps are to search sources like journals, books and the internet on the topic; critically analyze theories, methodologies and findings of prior studies; and identify what is known and unknown to help refine the research problem and design. Developing frameworks helps organize relevant information and theories to contextualize the study within existing knowledge. The literature review is then written thematically to describe theories, trends and findings from previous research.
Data extraction in systematic literature reviewKhalid Mahmood
Data extraction is the process by which researchers obtain necessary information about study characteristics and findings from included studies in a systematic literature review. Researchers must determine what data needs to be extracted from studies to answer the review's questions and develop a data extraction form to extract this information in a consistent manner. The extracted data is then typically summarized in a table of evidence to synthesize the findings across studies.
The document provides guidance on developing an effective literature search strategy. It discusses starting a literature search through keywords, references, or journals. The main steps are defined as: defining the topic, turning it into a question, choosing search terms, selecting appropriate databases, running the search, and evaluating results. Specific databases are also outlined, including PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and others. Guidance is given on using keywords, Boolean operators, and search history to refine results.
The document discusses various research methods and survey design. It provides information on survey research classifications including exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory surveys. The survey research process is outlined including design, data collection, analysis, and presentation of results. Issues to consider for survey research such as the research question, population, sampling, questions, and biases are presented. Probability and non-probability sampling methods are covered along with examples like simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. Key steps in the sampling process including defining the population, determining the sample frame and size, and choosing a sampling method or procedure are also summarized.
Methods of data collection (research methodology)Muhammed Konari
This document discusses different methods for collecting primary data, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. It provides details on each method:
Observation methods involve systematically observing participants and recording data. Interviews can be structured or unstructured, and involve an interviewer asking respondents questions. Questionnaires are printed forms sent to respondents to complete on their own, while schedules are similar forms that an enumerator completes by interviewing respondents. Each method has advantages like producing large datasets, but also disadvantages such as being time-consuming or open to bias.
FMEA is a systematic method to identify potential failures, quantify risks, and determine actions to address issues. It involves analyzing potential failure modes and their causes and effects. Failures are evaluated based on severity, occurrence likelihood, and detection difficulty to calculate a risk priority number. Actions are identified and prioritized based on RPN to prevent or mitigate risks. FMEA is used across industries to improve safety, quality and reliability.
This document provides guidance on how to conduct a systematic search in PubMed to identify relevant studies for a systematic review. It discusses developing a focused research question, identifying subject headings and keywords, constructing a search strategy, running the search in PubMed, applying filters, and exporting references to a citation manager. The document also provides an overview of systematic reviews and reviews each step of the systematic search process in detail with examples.
This document discusses various tools and instruments used in research such as questionnaires, interviews, observation, and their characteristics. Questionnaires can be used to collect data from a large number of people and provide quantifiable answers but require less time than interviews. Interviews are conducted face-to-face but allow both written and oral collection of information, including confidential details. Observation requires the researcher to participate directly in the culture being studied. The validity and reliability of different research tools is also important.
This workshop is meant to be an introduction to the systematic review process. Further information about systematic reviews was available through a research guide. http://libguides.ucalgary.ca/content.php?pid=593664
This document provides an overview of how to conduct a systematic review. It begins by defining what a systematic review is and why they are important for evidence-based practice. It then outlines the key steps in conducting a systematic review, including formulating an answerable question using PICO(T), performing a comprehensive literature search, selecting studies and extracting data in an unbiased manner, critically appraising the evidence, and synthesizing the data. The document emphasizes that systematic reviews need to follow a structured, systematic process and make all methods explicit to minimize bias. It also discusses challenges that can arise in systematic reviews like database, publication, and language biases.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology, including:
1) It describes the basic steps in the research process, including defining the research question, reviewing literature, choosing a study design, data analysis, and dissemination.
2) Common study designs like randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies are explained.
3) Key aspects of developing a research question like making it feasible, interesting, novel, and relevant are outlined.
4) The importance of choosing an appropriate study design to answer the research question is emphasized.
FDA inspections ( how to survive an FDA inspection)shaik malangsha
This document provides guidance on how to prepare for and survive a FDA inspection of a clinical trial site. It discusses the different types of inspections, including routine inspections triggered by an application submission and for-cause inspections due to complaints. When receiving notice of an inspection, key steps are to obtain inspection details, notify relevant parties, and prepare documents and staff. During the inspection, escort the inspector, provide requested documents, answer questions honestly but do not speculate. The inspector will verify study conduct and documentation.
The document outlines the six steps to writing an effective research paper:
1. Define the problem or task by choosing a topic that is neither too narrow nor too broad and stating it as a question.
2. Find background information by brainstorming what is already known, identifying keywords, and reading an encyclopedia article on the topic.
3. Gather sources such as reference books, articles, websites, and databases and decide which will be used.
4. Collect information by researching the topic, taking notes without plagiarizing, and recording bibliographic information for every source.
5. Organize the information by beginning to write the paper to answer the research question for the intended audience.
6.
Importance and Challenges of Reproducible ResearchVladimir Kanchev
A conference presentation with description of reproducible research and challenges to its application at research institutions and universities in Bulgaria (in Balkan countries, in general).
Systematic literature review: An introductionKhalid Mahmood
This document introduces systematic literature reviews and compares them to narrative reviews. It defines a systematic literature review as a review of a clearly formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select, critically appraise, and analyze relevant research studies. Systematic reviews aim to minimize bias by following a reproducible methodology. They collate all empirical evidence from studies that meet pre-specified eligibility criteria in order to answer a specific research question. The document outlines the importance of systematic reviews and lists their key characteristics, such as having a clearly stated objective and explicit search methods to identify all eligible studies.
The document provides an overview of how to conduct a systematic search to identify relevant research for a systematic review. It discusses developing a clear research question, selecting appropriate databases and sources, developing a search strategy using subject headings and keywords, applying limits and screens, and exporting references to a citation manager. Tips are provided for developing an effective search strategy, applying it across multiple databases, and identifying additional relevant studies through other methods like hand searching. Contact information is given for experts available to help with the systematic search process.
Awareness on ISO 9001:2015 (QMS)
QMS= Quality Management System
In this presentation, there is basic awareness regarding quality management system. In this we will be discussing Quality Assurance and Quality Control and methodology to achieve continual improvements.
PDCA- Plan, do, Check, Act activity for continual improvements
Defination, types, importance of research methods. Characteristics, methods of research, Qualitative & Quantitative research, Objectives of research, difference of research methods, research in pharmacy, criteria for good research
A systematic review (SR) is a rigorous and organized method to synthesize
the evidence from multiple studies on a particular research question or topic.
The purpose of a systematic review is to identify, appraise, and summarize all
available evidence relevant to a specific research question in a transparent
and replicable manner.
It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of academic literature
concerning a particular research question of topic.
This presentation explores the steps nee
The document discusses principles of auditing, including definitions of audits and different types of audits such as internal, external, first party, second party, and third party audits. It also covers the audit process, including planning, conducting the audit, analyzing results, and follow-up. Requirements for internal audits according to ISO/TS 16949:2002 are summarized, including auditing the quality management system, manufacturing processes, and products to verify conformity.
Presentation how to write a research protocolSushma Sharma
This document provides guidance on developing a research protocol. It explains that a protocol establishes the design and methodology for a research study. The key components of a protocol include the title, introduction/background, objectives, study design, population and recruitment, variables, data collection tools, analysis plan, timeline, and dissemination strategy. Developing a clear protocol is important to gain approval, plan the study, avoid mistakes, and evaluate the research. It should provide enough detail that the study could be replicated by others.
This document discusses conducting a literature review for research. It covers searching existing literature, reviewing selected literature, and developing theoretical and conceptual frameworks. The key steps are to search sources like journals, books and the internet on the topic; critically analyze theories, methodologies and findings of prior studies; and identify what is known and unknown to help refine the research problem and design. Developing frameworks helps organize relevant information and theories to contextualize the study within existing knowledge. The literature review is then written thematically to describe theories, trends and findings from previous research.
Data extraction in systematic literature reviewKhalid Mahmood
Data extraction is the process by which researchers obtain necessary information about study characteristics and findings from included studies in a systematic literature review. Researchers must determine what data needs to be extracted from studies to answer the review's questions and develop a data extraction form to extract this information in a consistent manner. The extracted data is then typically summarized in a table of evidence to synthesize the findings across studies.
The document provides guidance on developing an effective literature search strategy. It discusses starting a literature search through keywords, references, or journals. The main steps are defined as: defining the topic, turning it into a question, choosing search terms, selecting appropriate databases, running the search, and evaluating results. Specific databases are also outlined, including PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and others. Guidance is given on using keywords, Boolean operators, and search history to refine results.
The document discusses various research methods and survey design. It provides information on survey research classifications including exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory surveys. The survey research process is outlined including design, data collection, analysis, and presentation of results. Issues to consider for survey research such as the research question, population, sampling, questions, and biases are presented. Probability and non-probability sampling methods are covered along with examples like simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. Key steps in the sampling process including defining the population, determining the sample frame and size, and choosing a sampling method or procedure are also summarized.
Methods of data collection (research methodology)Muhammed Konari
This document discusses different methods for collecting primary data, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. It provides details on each method:
Observation methods involve systematically observing participants and recording data. Interviews can be structured or unstructured, and involve an interviewer asking respondents questions. Questionnaires are printed forms sent to respondents to complete on their own, while schedules are similar forms that an enumerator completes by interviewing respondents. Each method has advantages like producing large datasets, but also disadvantages such as being time-consuming or open to bias.
FMEA is a systematic method to identify potential failures, quantify risks, and determine actions to address issues. It involves analyzing potential failure modes and their causes and effects. Failures are evaluated based on severity, occurrence likelihood, and detection difficulty to calculate a risk priority number. Actions are identified and prioritized based on RPN to prevent or mitigate risks. FMEA is used across industries to improve safety, quality and reliability.
This document provides guidance on how to conduct a systematic search in PubMed to identify relevant studies for a systematic review. It discusses developing a focused research question, identifying subject headings and keywords, constructing a search strategy, running the search in PubMed, applying filters, and exporting references to a citation manager. The document also provides an overview of systematic reviews and reviews each step of the systematic search process in detail with examples.
This document discusses various tools and instruments used in research such as questionnaires, interviews, observation, and their characteristics. Questionnaires can be used to collect data from a large number of people and provide quantifiable answers but require less time than interviews. Interviews are conducted face-to-face but allow both written and oral collection of information, including confidential details. Observation requires the researcher to participate directly in the culture being studied. The validity and reliability of different research tools is also important.
This workshop is meant to be an introduction to the systematic review process. Further information about systematic reviews was available through a research guide. http://libguides.ucalgary.ca/content.php?pid=593664
This document provides an overview of how to conduct a systematic review. It begins by defining what a systematic review is and why they are important for evidence-based practice. It then outlines the key steps in conducting a systematic review, including formulating an answerable question using PICO(T), performing a comprehensive literature search, selecting studies and extracting data in an unbiased manner, critically appraising the evidence, and synthesizing the data. The document emphasizes that systematic reviews need to follow a structured, systematic process and make all methods explicit to minimize bias. It also discusses challenges that can arise in systematic reviews like database, publication, and language biases.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology, including:
1) It describes the basic steps in the research process, including defining the research question, reviewing literature, choosing a study design, data analysis, and dissemination.
2) Common study designs like randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies are explained.
3) Key aspects of developing a research question like making it feasible, interesting, novel, and relevant are outlined.
4) The importance of choosing an appropriate study design to answer the research question is emphasized.
Researcher KnowHow session presentation by Ruaraidh Hill PhD, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool
Covers:
*Introduction – issues with research evidence
* Reviews – overview of systematic reviews | types of review in the evidence ecosystem
* Developing review questions
* Reviews – planning next steps
NCCMT ACSRM Conducting Rapid Reviews Aug 4 2023.pdfACSRM
This webinar presents the following:
1. What are rapid reviews? How are they different from systematic reviews?
2. The rapid review process: developing topics and research questions, performing search, critical appraisal, and screening.
3. Software for rapid reviews
3. Demonstration
This document provides an overview of programme evaluation, including definitions, objectives, common designs, data used, and differences between research and evaluation. Programme evaluation is defined as a systematic process of gathering evidence to inform judgements about whether a programme is meeting its goals and how it can be improved. Key points include:
- Formative and summative evaluations have different objectives related to programme development and decision-making.
- Common designs include pre-post tests with or without control groups, and both quantitative and qualitative data are important.
- Internal and external evaluations have advantages and limitations.
- Kirkpatrick's model outlines levels of evaluating training from reactions to outcomes.
- Management-oriented approaches like CIPP model focus
The mission statement sets the direction and priority for developing and implementing the quality plan. It clearly states the nature of the organization’s commitment to quality and should then be tied to the organizational operations through programs, projects, actions and rewards/recognition.
This PPT is mainly oriented to the Final yr MBBS students who are preparing for their Final exams. The Audit cycle has taken up from Bailey & Love - 24th edition.
Can systematic reviews help identify what works and why?Carina van Rooyen
This document discusses systematic reviews (SRs) as a tool to evaluate the impact of development interventions. It notes calls from funders to demonstrate what works using evidence-based approaches. While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often advocated, SRs are presented as a way to overcome some of RCTs' limitations. The document summarizes a SR conducted by the authors on the impact of microfinance in sub-Saharan Africa. It took a pragmatic approach, including a variety of study designs and developing a causal pathway to understand impact. The SR found microfinance has the potential to benefit the poor but also identified challenges, calling for more and better evaluations.
This document outlines the process and key stages of conducting a systematic review. It aims to define what a systematic review is, discuss the formulation of a review question and development of a protocol, and explain the stages of searching for studies, selecting studies, extracting data, and synthesizing evidence. A systematic review attempts to comprehensively and methodically identify and synthesize all empirical evidence that fits pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a specific research question and minimize bias in order to draw reliable conclusions.
This document provides an overview of systematic literature reviews. It defines systematic reviews as reviews that use explicit and reproducible methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research to answer a specific question. The key steps outlined include developing a protocol, formulating a review question using PICO elements, establishing inclusion/exclusion criteria, systematically searching literature sources, selecting studies, assessing study quality, extracting data, synthesizing results, and interpreting findings. Examples are provided for many of the steps like developing search strategies, creating logs to document the process, and tools for summarizing evidence like PRISMA diagrams and data tables.
This document discusses different types of reviews for summarizing evidence, including narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. It provides details on the key elements of systematic reviews, including formulating a clear question, conducting a comprehensive search, selecting and appraising studies in an unbiased manner, synthesizing data which may include meta-analysis, and interpreting results. Systematic reviews use more rigorous methods than narrative reviews to minimize bias and allow results to be replicated. The document also discusses finding, appraising, and applying evidence from systematic reviews to inform health promotion programs and policies.
Operational research aims to apply analytical methods to improve decision-making and resource allocation in various fields, including health care. It originated during World War II to study military problems scientifically. Now, operational research techniques are used to identify issues in health programs, test solutions to address those issues, and evaluate changes made to programs. The goal is to generate practical evidence to improve implementation, effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of programs. Common methods include simulation, optimization, and data analysis. Operational research requires collaboration between managers and researchers throughout the research process.
This document summarizes the results of a research program on rapid reviews. It presents findings from a scoping review, international survey, and consensus-building exercise regarding rapid review methods. The scoping review found numerous rapid review approaches with little consistency. The survey found that rapid reviews are usually conducted within 12 weeks for government agencies. The consensus exercise reached agreement on Approach 1 as the highest ranked method to test in a prospective diagnostic study comparing rapid reviews to systematic reviews. The overall goal is to identify the most accurate and feasible rapid review methods.
Operations research (OR) aims to improve health programs through scientific problem solving. OR was first used in WWII and later applied to health in the 1960s. OR involves 5 steps: 1) defining problems through data analysis, 2) selecting strategies to test, 3) experimenting with and evaluating strategies, 4) disseminating results, and 5) replicating successful strategies. Example OR topics include reducing HIV stigma, managing risky sexual behaviors, and improving quality of HIV care. OR studies test interventions through experimental, quasi-experimental, or non-experimental designs to measure impact on outcomes through data collection methods like surveys, interviews and observations.
This document provides an introduction to research methodology for 4th year midwifery students. It defines health research and describes the different types of research. The types of research are classified based on their objectives (basic vs applied), design (experimental vs non-experimental), population studied (individual vs population), level of analysis (biomedical, clinical, epidemiological, health systems), time required (cross-sectional vs longitudinal), data and techniques used (quantitative vs qualitative vs mixed methods). The purpose, scope, and characteristics of health research are also outlined.
Developing a fundable research question: 27 June 2017 RDSLondon
This document outlines the five steps to developing a fundable research question:
1. Developing the initial idea from various sources of inspiration
2. Focusing the broad idea into a specific research topic
3. Using the PICOT framework and FINER criteria to develop a clear research question
4. Formulating a testable hypothesis using the "three S" guidelines
5. Defining the overarching research aims and specific, measurable objectives
The workshop guides attendees through each step interactively with examples and group work to help attendees develop their own research topic ideas.
Presenting a published paper:
"Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review
approach"
An introduction to conducting a systematic literature review for social scien...rosie.dunne
An introduction to conducting a systematic literature review for social scientists and health researchers presented by Luke van Rhoon Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, NUI Galway November 2020
Peter Levesque explores the critical areas of measuring, interpreting, and analyzing results to ensure continual improvement of KT activities to produce intended results.
This document outlines the clinical audit process. It defines audit as reviewing, monitoring, and evaluating care against agreed standards to improve patient outcomes, use of resources, education, and staff reflection. Research aims to discover new information rather than evaluate existing care. The audit cycle involves identifying issues, setting criteria, measuring current practice, analyzing data against criteria, implementing changes, and re-auditing. Types of audits include structure, process, and outcome audits. Steps of the audit cycle are also demonstrated through an example audit on postoperative wound infections.
Similar to Getting started with a systematic review: developing your review question (20)
Open Research – an introduction. Presented by Judith Carr, Research Data Manager, Open Research Team, University of Liverpool Library. Session aims:
* To show how open research can involve the research lifecycle from the beginning to the end.
* To encourage you as researchers to recognise opportunities where you can be more open
Session presented by Judith Carr, Research Data Manager at the University of Liverpool on Research Data Management and your PhD.
Aim:- To show how research data management can contribute to the success of your PhD.
Covers:
* What is research data and why it is important?
* The Research Data lifecycle
Research Data – more than just your results
* FAIR data and Open Research
DMP online tool
Copyright protects original creative works once they are fixed in a tangible form. It does not protect ideas alone. The workshop aimed to develop understanding of what copyright is, available licenses, permitted acts for educational use, and risk management. It covered that most web content is not public domain, fair dealing is for criticism and review, and exceptions allow limited educational use without permission as long as it is non-commercial and fair. The session provided sources of information on copyright including licenses the university holds and exceptions for education.
Many of the resources you wish to use to support your teaching and research are protected by copyright. However, the good news is that there are ways in which you can legitimately use those materials without infringing copyright. This session will give an overview of the licences the university holds, as well as the permitted acts built into copyright law which allow educational establishments to benefit from a suspension of the rules which normally govern the use of copyright protected works.
Presented by Gordon Sandison, Licensing & Copyright Manager, University of Liverpool
Aim:- To show how research data management can contribute to the success of your PhD.
*What is research data and why it is important?
*The Research Data lifecycle
* Research Data – more than just your results
* FAIR data and Open Research
* DMP online tool
University of Liverpool Researcher KnowHow session presented by Judith Carr.
At the end of this session you will know what the FAIR data principles are, what is required and be in a position to think how these would relate to your research practice.
The document summarizes registered reports, an alternative publication format that aims to address reproducibility issues. It discusses:
1) The standard publication process and reproducibility crisis in science due to biases like publication bias, low statistical power, p-hacking, and HARKing.
2) What registered reports are - a two-stage peer review process where the proposed methods and analyses are peer-reviewed before data collection. This removes biases driven by study outcomes.
3) Why registered reports are gaining popularity - they can increase reproducibility, computational reproducibility, and study quality while reducing biases compared to standard publications.
4) An example of an author's experience submitting a registered report to be peer-reviewed in stage
AfricArXiv - the pan-African Open Access Portal. Joy Owango, a founding member of the Board of Advisors at AfricArXiv, talked about preprints and AfricArXiv for this presentation as part of Researcher KnowHow at the University of Liverpool.
Presented by Martin Wolf, Head of Open Research at the University of Liverpool Library on Head of 14th June 2021.
Covers:
* What is copyright?
* How does copyright impact on your thesis?
* Practical steps to take
* Copyright and academic publishing
Researcher KnowHow session on Anonymisation 101, based on slides and training materials by Dr Sarah Nevitt, Research Associate at the University of Liverpool with a section on Research Data Management and Anonymisation by Judith Carr, Research Data Manager and co-ordinated by Gary Jeffers, Research Data Officer at University of Liverpool Library.
Researcher KnowHow session presented by Judith Carr, Research Data Manager and co-ordinated by Gary Jeffers, Research Data Officer at University of Liverpool Library.
Researcher KnowHow session presented by Catherine McManamon, Liaison Librarian at the University of Liverpool Library. Supported by Clair Sharpe, Liaison Librarian.
Researcher KnowHow session presented by Amy Lewin, Marketing and Innovation Coordinator, and Sarah Roughley Barake, Scholarly Communications Librarian at the University of Liverpool Library
Researcher KnowHow session presented by Judith Carr, Research Data Manager and Gordon Sandison, Licensing and Copyright Manager from the University of Liverpool Library on 1st December 2020.
Researcher KnowHow session presented by Carrol Gamble, Anna Kearney and Paula Williamson, Department of Health Data Science. University of Liverpool and Trials Methodology Research Partnership.
The document provides guidance on factors to consider when choosing a journal to publish research, such as the intended audience, journal submission process, funder requirements, metrics, personal experience, and customer service experience. It advises writing the article first before selecting the most suitable journal, and notes that submitting to multiple journals simultaneously is unacceptable. Tools are recommended to help identify reputable journals and avoid predatory publishers that do not provide proper peer review or indexing.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Getting started with a systematic review: developing your review question
1. Getting started with a
systematic review:
developing your
review question
Session 1/3
#systematicreview
@LivUniKnowHow | @LivUniLRiG
2. Ruaraidh Hill PhD MSc FHEA
Lecturer in evidence synthesis
Michelle Maden PhD MA FHEA
Postdoc research associate in evidence synthesis
linktr.ee/RuaraidhHill
3. Your comfort & safety
Slides ✓
Recording ✓
Chat ✓
Practical activity on screen
Evaluation see link in chat & follow-up e-mail
References see final slides
4. This session
Introduction – issues with research evidence
Reviews – overview of systematic reviews | types of
review in the evidence ecosystem
Developing review questions
Reviews – planning next steps
5
6. WeMap
LRiG – Health Data Science, IPH
Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group (LRiG) – 20+ years
at the core of evidence-based guidance development at NICE.
LRiG delivers a range of high-quality Health Technology
Assessments and capacity development initiatives.
Capacity development – support for individuals and teams to use
evidence to develop practice, services and research.
@LivUniLRiG | liverpool.ac.uk/LRiG
17. Quality – selecting evidence
Instead of just mooching through the
research literature, consciously or
unconsciously picking out papers here and
there that support your pre-existing beliefs,
you take a scientific, systematic approach
to the very process of looking for
scientific evidence, ensuring that your
evidence is as complete and representative
as possible of all the research that has ever
been done
Bad Pharma. Goldacre (2013) Fourth
Estate, London.
19
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=RKmxL8VYy0M
24. Review approaches – different questions
• To present a concept
Descriptive
• Explore preferences about what should
happen
Normative
• Investigate a relationship between two or
more variables
Observational/relational
• Investigate the effect of one or more independent
variables on one or more outcome variables
Causal
• Explore factors that cause a condition,
event or process
Theoretical
25. Review approaches – examples (1)
• What is the nature (volume, topic coverage, study
designs) of the literature on online postgraduate training
in English law (2000-to present)?
Descriptive
• What are the views and experiences of people
using a internet banking services?
Normative
• Are adults with disabilities at an increased risk of
violence compared to those without disabilities?
Observational/relational
• What are the effects of fluoridation of drinking water
supplies on the incidence of caries (tooth decay)?
Causal
• What are the links between crime, fear of crime, the
environment and health and wellbeing? How might these
be explained?
Theoretical
28. This session
Introduction – issues with research evidence
Reviews – overview of systematic reviews | types of
review in the evidence ecosystem
Developing review questions
Reviews – planning next steps
33
31. Asking the right question
“To ask the right question is already half the solution of a problem” Carl
Jung, 1959
https://www.azquotes.com/quote/879797
33. Questions about questions – for example:
Who Who is asking the question?
Whom About whom? Who is the question about?
What What is the choice to be made?
Where In what setting is the choice to made?
When
When is the choice to be made? Is the question
about a particular level of service or stage?
Why Why is the question being asked?
38
Deborah
Cohen
bit.ly/2EqULGF
34. Question perspectives – who’s asking?
Policy What should commissioners of services fund?
Practice
What should providers of services do (assess,
measure, offer, follow-up)?
Research
What is the (difference in) level, rate,
preferences, inequalities, effectiveness, cost-
effectiveness (between alternatives)?
Person
What are my options? What are the risks and
benefits? What should I accept?
39
Ulysses
36. Q framework – Who, what, how
Who
Who is the focus?
Specific health condition or age,
sex/gender, occupation socioeconomic,
ethic groups?
What
What is the intervention?
What is idea is being ‘tested’?
An exposure, hypothesis or description of a
phenomenon?
How
How does the ‘what’ affect ‘who’?
Effects, outcomes…
41
37. Q framework – WWH & MindMap
See also Table 2.3/ Doing a Review 2nd Ed
38. Q framework – Who, what, how…
Who Doctors in acute settings
What Face-to-face communication methods/ techniques
How
Quality of doctor – patient communication
(knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, health)
43
40. Question framework – PICO-Sst…
Population -
Intervention -
Comparator -
Outcome -
Study design -
Setting, timing -
45
41. Formulated question – PICO
P
I
C
O
Children and adolescents before
dental treatment…
Pain relief medication
Pain…
satisfaction, cost, completion,
adverse effects
Placebo or no medication
42. PICOSs – example
Review objective
To assess the effects of preoperative analgesics for intraoperative or postoperative pain relief (or both) in children
and adolescents undergoing dental treatment without general anaesthesia or sedation.
Participants/ population (setting)
Children and adolescents up to 17 years of age before dental treatment without GA/sedation (international)
Intervention(s)
Analgesics [pain relief medications] given before dental treatment
Comparator
Placebo or
No analgesic
Outcomes
Postoperative pain
•Intraoperative pain, Preoperative and postoperative anxiety measures, Patient satisfaction, Parental satisfaction,
Cost, Completion of treatment, Adverse events
Study design
Randomised controlled clinical trials http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD008392.pub3/full
44. Question framework – PEO
Population
Exposure
The exposure relates to a defined event, activity,
experience or process that groups are exposed
to (and others are not)
Outcome
49
45. Question frameworks – check our learning (1)
For the following systematic review description:
Choose a framework
Identify
Population, intervention , comparator (if applicable), outcome(s)*
Think about
Settings, timing or study design to include
Review approach
46. Question frameworks – check our learning
Effectiveness of public
health measures in
reducing the incidence of
covid-19, SARS-CoV-2
transmission, and covid-19
mortality: systematic
review and meta-analysis
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-068302
47. Question frameworks – check our learning
Effectiveness of public health
measures in reducing the incidence of
covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission,
and covid-19 mortality
Population?
Comparator?
Study designs?
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-068302
49. Question frameworks – check our learning (2)
For the following systematic review description:
Choose a framework
Identify
Population, intervention or exposure, comparator (if applicable), outcome(s)*
Think about
Settings, timing or study design to include
Review approach
51. Question framework – PICo
Population
What are the characteristics of the person,
patient, group or population?
Interest
The phenomena of interest relates to a defined
event, activity, experience or process
Context
Context is the setting or other distinct
characteristics
60
52. Formulated question - PICo
Co
P
I
Services that test for
Hepatitis C
People who inject drugs
Views, experiences
and attitudes of
hepatitis C testing and
diagnosis
55. Formulated question - SPICE
64
S
P
I
C
E
Services that test for
Hepatitis C
People who inject drugs
None
Hepatitis C testing and
diagnosis
Views, experiences
and attitudes
56. Question frameworks – check our learning (4)
For the following systematic review description:
Choose a framework
Identify
Population; interest, intervention or exposure (as applicable); outcome(s)*
Think about
Settings, timing or study design to include
Review approach
57. Question frameworks – check our learning
Barriers and facilitators to the uptake
of tuberculosis diagnostic and
treatment services by hard-to-reach
populations in countries of low and
medium tuberculosis incidence: a
systematic review of qualitative
literature
58. Question frameworks – check our learning
Barriers and facilitators to the uptake
of tuberculosis diagnostic and
treatment services by hard-to-reach
populations in countries of low and
medium tuberculosis incidence
SPICE
Study designs?
59. Question frameworks – overview
WWH:
Who | What | How
For early thinking
PICO:
Population | Intervention
Comparator | Outcome
For choices between/ comparing
alternatives
(A versus B)
PICo:
Population
Interest | Context
For any question, including
experiences, descriptive reviews
or scoping
Others: SPICE, PROGRESS+
For reviews of qualitative studies
or equalities (e.g.)
69
60. Question frameworks – overview
WWH:
Who | What | How
For early thinking
PICO:
Population | Intervention
Comparator | Outcome
For choices between/ comparing
alternatives
(A versus B)
PICo:
Population
Interest | Context
For any question, including
experiences, descriptive reviews
or scoping
Others: SPICE, PROGRESS+
For reviews of qualitative studies
or equalities (e.g.)
70
61. Question frameworks – overview
71
• Watch from around 40 minutes for
• PICo and SPICE frameworks
• https://stream.liv.ac.uk/w93ffxxu
62. Research questions - key points (1)
• A good research question is:
Clear
Well defined
Appropriate
Manageable
Relevant
63. Research questions - key points (2)
Question frameworks can help develop a good review question
Some notes:
Interventions can be a range of choices
Interest can be explored in a range of ways
Different frameworks can be used, to think about
the same research question
different research questions (or aspects of related Q)
different review approaches
different evidence
Use of frameworks supports transparency and contestability
better quality
64. Evidence – consider…
What evidence informs your discipline or area of practice or
research?
What evidence quality issues are relevant to your discipline or
area of practice or research?
think
66. This session
Introduction – issues with research evidence
Reviews – overview of systematic reviews | types of
review in the evidence ecosystem
Developing review questions
Reviews – planning next steps
77
69. Systematic review – getting started
Plan your ‘10 steps’ – as required
Develop your question(s) and review approach(es)
Scope your questions develop questions further
Check your review meets the needs of your research
question or ‘decision problem’
Refine and record in your review protocol
Consider registering on PROSPERO or other register
72. Systematic review – question frameworks
Cochrane Qualitative and Implementation Methods Group guidance series paper 2: methods
for question formulation, searching, and protocol development for qualitative evidence
synthesis (Harris et al 2017)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29248725/
Formulating the Evidence Based Practice Question: A Review of the Frameworks (Davies
2011)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140151/
Developing NICE guidelines: the manual.(NICE 2014)
https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/developing-review-questions-and-planning-
the-evidence-review
Our Researcher Know How series resources/tools
TinyURL.com/KnowHowSRtools
73. Support, next steps
How will you use systematic review methods in your discipline,
area of practice or research?
74. UoL library class no:
R853.S94.B68
tinyURL.com/DoingaReview2
Sample chapters, FAQ, videos available online
86
Watch
Explore
Read
Doing a review?
78. This session
Introduction – issues with research evidence
Reviews – overview of systematic reviews | types of
review in the evidence ecosystem
Developing review questions
Reviews – planning next steps
91
79. Additional links from previous Q&A
Open science/ protocol registration options – please check suitability/
remit of each before choosing to register:
• https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
• https://f1000research.com/
• https://osf.io/
Researcher Know How HomePage:
• https://libguides.liverpool.ac.uk/researcherknowhow
80. Getting started with a
systematic review:
developing your
review question
Session 1/3
#systematicreview
@LivUniKnowHow | @LivUniLRiG
www.liverpool.ac.uk/LRiG