Greece is located in Southern Europe and is considered the cradle of Western civilization. It was home to ancient Greek city-states like Athens and Sparta and was a center of philosophy, drama, and scientific principles in ancient times. After periods of rule by other powers like Rome and the Ottoman Empire, Greece gained independence in the 19th century. Some of Greece's major cities include Athens, the capital, Thessaloniki, and cities on the island of Crete. Greece is known for its mountains, islands, and Greek cuisine and culture like dances and mythology.