1º ESO GRECIA ANTIGUA ANCIENT GREECE

1. ANCIENT GREECE
FROM 3000 B.C TO 30 B.C.
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3. Mainland Greece is a
mountainous land almost
completely surrounded by
the Mediterranean Sea.
Greece has more than
1400 islands. The country
has mild winters and long,
hot and dry summers.
Each valley or island was
like a small country
Greek communities
became independent and
fought each other a lot
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5. Periods of Greek history
• Pre-hellenic civilizations
–Minoan grete 2.100 B.C.
–Mycenae 1.400 B.C.
–Dark age 1.150 B.C.
• Archaic greece 9th - 6th century B.C.
• Classical greece 5th - 4th century B.C.
• Hellenistic greece 4th – 1st century B.C.
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7. MINOAN CRETE
MYCENAE
PRE-HELLENIC CIVILISATIONS
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8. • MINOAN CRETE. 2100 B.C.
– Where? In Crete. The palace in Knossos
– When? During the Bronze Age
– Economy: important role as traders
– Goverment: powerful kings like Minos
• MYCENAE. 1400 B.C.
– Where? In the Balkans
– When? During the Bronze Age.
– Economy: they built walled cities
– Goverment: powerful kings and warriors
PRE-HELLENIC CIVILISATIONS
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9. • THE DARK AGE
– IN 1150 B.C. MYCENAEAN
CIVILISATION JUST DISAPPEARED
– WE DON’T REALLY KNOW WHY?
PRE-HELLENIC CIVILISATIONS
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10. ARCHAIC GREECE. 9TH – 6TH CENTURY B.C.
POLIS o CITY-STATES:
ATHENS, SPARTA,
CORINTH, THEBES…..
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11. ARCHAIC GREECE. 9TH – 6TH CENTURY B.C.
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12. ARCHAIC GREECE. 9TH – 6TH CENTURY B.C.
Greek cities were founded around the
Black Sea, North Africa, Italy, Sicily,
France and Spain. Many tales and
legends grew up about the strange
lands and creatures that could be
found across the sea
The ancient Greeks were a
seafaring people. They traded with
other countries around the
Mediterranean. Many cities created
settlements overseas known as
colonies.
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13. ARCHAIC GREECE. 9TH – 6TH CENTURY B.C.
GREEKS ESTABLISHED COLONIES: SETTLEMENTS IN OTHER REGIONS.
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14. ARCHAIC GREECE. 9TH – 6TH CENTURY B.C.
COLONIES. 2 causes:
•OVERPOPULATION. There were not enough food for all the Greek
people
•ECONOMY. Greek economy was based on trade. They searched for
precious metals.
COLONIES were independent from the polis.
Greeks expanded to the west and east of Greece
They became in contact with other
People: Phoencians, Etruscans and
Egyptians.
By the colonisation process they
Spread its influence all around the
Mediterranean sea.
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15. CLASSICAL GREECE. 5TH – 4TH CENTURY B.C.
2 DOMINANT POLEIS: ATHENS AND SPARTA
WARS WITH THE PERSIANS
WARS BETWEEN THE GREEK POLEIS
GREAT CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENT UNDER
PERICLES TIME IN ATHENS (461 -429 B.C.)
TWO POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN ATHENS AND
SPARTA: DEMOCRACY AND OLIGARCHY
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16. CLASSICAL GREECE. 5TH – 4TH CENTURY B.C.
DEMOCRACY IN ATHENS
“RULE BY THE PEOPLE” (CITIZENS) Solon laws
But only men were citizens….. New political system:
EKKLESIA:
All the citizens to vote laws, foreing policy and elected magistrates
LAW COURTS:
Chosen by ballot every
year.
BOULE:
500 citizens chosen by
ballot. They prepared
debates in the
assembly
MAGISTRATES:
The leaders.
10 strategoi who led the
army.
9 Archons , the chief
magistrates
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17. CLASSICAL GREECE. 5TH – 4TH CENTURY B.C.
OLIGARCHY IN SPARTA
“RULE BY THE FEW” (KING AND ELDERLY PEOPLE)
Political system:
GEROUSIA:
Older citizens, 28. They drew up laws and were responsible for justice
APELLA:
Or Assembly
All free men over 30
years.
Choose the ephors and
the Gerousia
EPHORS:
5 Magistrates who
carried out the
decisions of the
Gerousia
2 KINGS
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18. CLASSICAL GREECE. 5TH – 4TH CENTURY B.C.
Some wars:
The PERSIAN wars (499-479 B.C.)
1. First Persian War:
Greek soldiers (Hoplites) defeated the
Persians at the battle of Marathon 490 B.C.
2. Second Persian War:
Xerxes I of Persia was defeated at the
Battle of Salamis in 480 B.C.
The PELOPONNESIAN WAR (431-404 B.C.)
Some poleis formed the DELIAN LEAGUE under the
leadership of Athens and against future Persian attacks.
Some poleis formed the PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE under
The leadership of Sparta against the leadership of Athens
They fought in the Peloponnesian War. Sparta won the war
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19. CLASSICAL GREECE. 5TH – 4TH CENTURY B.C.
Some wars:
ALEXANDER THE GREAT
• Alexander’s father: PHILIP II of Macedon conquered nearly all the
Poleis.
• Alexander the Great continued his Conquests …. Defeated the
Persians.
He Ruled
Greece
from
the Danube
to Egypt
and India.
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20. Hellenistic GREECE. 4TH – 1st CENTURY B.C.
Alexander the Great founded many cities in the conquered territories:
Alexandria in Egypt
Alexandria in Aria
Alexandria in Carmania
Alexandria in the Caucusus
Alexandropolis ……..
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21. Religion and culture
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22. Religion and culture
POLYTHEISTIC
EACH CITY HAS A GOD
GODS WERE IMMORTAL BUT LOOKED HUMAN
ZEUS WAS THE LEADER OF GODS
GODS LIVED ON THE MOUNT OLYMPUS
HEROES WERE BORN FROM THE UNION OF A GOD AND A HUMAN
TEMPLES WERE THE HOMES OF THE GODS
ORACLE WERE MESSAGES FROM THE GODS
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