2. Tubuh wanita
menghasilkan hormon
yang berbeza semasa
kehamilan
Apa Itu GDM? Kadangkala hormon
ini menjejaskan
pankreas
Pankreas
menghasilkan insulin
yang kurang berkesan
GDM
3. • Fasting plasma glucose (FPG): ≥5.1 mmol/L
or
• 2-hours postprandial (2-HPP) ≥7.8 mmol/L
OGTT during Pregnancy
4.
5. 1. Jadual Waktu Makan
Makan kecil tapi kerap
Waktu Sarapan Masa
Sarapan 7am
Minum pagi 9am – 930am
Makan tengahari 12pm – 1pm
Minum petang 3pm – 4pm
Makan malam 6pm – 7pm
Minum lewat malam 9pm
6. 1. Jadual Waktu Makan
Jangan melangkau waktu makan
• Boleh menyebabkan makan terlalu
banyak di hidangan seterusnya dan
mempengaruhi tahap glukosa darah
9. Makanan Bebas
Tidak meningat gula dalam darah
Minuman Yang
Tidak Mengandungi
Gula
Air Masak
Teh O Kosong
Kopi O Kosong
Teh Cina
Teh Halia Kosong
Air Limau Nipis Kosong
37. Makanan yang Dielakkan
Makanan yang tinggi GULA RINGKAS (karbohidrat ringkas)
Biskut
berkrim
Roti
berkrim
Cake/pastry
Ice cream
Cordial
Minuman ringan/soda
Gula-gula
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40. • Overweight/ Obesity
• Family/ personal history of
diabetes/ prediabetes
• Age: older than 25
• Having previously given birth to
large babies
Risk Factors
42. 1. Physical exercise
- Brisk walk after meal 10 (min)
2. Healthy diets
• CHO distributed throughout the day into 3
small-to-moderate size meals and 2-4 snacks
• Minimum of 175g of CHO daily
Management
43. 2. Preexisting type 1 or type 2 diabetes
• Premeal, bedtime, and overnight glucose:
60-99 mg/dl (3.3-5.5 mmol/L)
• Peak postprandial glucose:
100-129 mg/dl (5.5-7.2 mmol/L)
• A1C: <6.0%
Plasma Glucose Goals during Pregnancy
45. 1. Large baby – C-section may be
needed
2. Low blood sugar in newborn
(hypoglycemia)
3. High blood pressure in mother
4. Risk of preterm birth
5. Future risk of diabetes in both
Complications
46. • Fasting: ≤95 mg/dl (5.3 mmol/L)
• EITHER 1-h postmeal: ≤140 mg/dl (7.8
mmol/L) OR 2-h postmeal: ≤120 mg/dl (6.7
mmol/L)
Plasma Glucose Goals during Pregnancy
