VERY Brief presentation about the Emancipation Proclamation and British position. Includes Common Core Practice. For use with the Americans section 11.2.
VERY Brief presentation about the Emancipation Proclamation and British position. Includes Common Core Practice. For use with the Americans section 11.2.
The presentation gives a panoramic view of the evolution of the concept and practice of sovereignty. It shows how the subject of sovereignty evolved from physical body to body as territory. It examines the works of Weber, Derrida, Foucault, Carl Schmitt and Giorgio Agamben.
The Mathematics of ElectionsPart I ApportionmentMark Roger.docxoreo10
The Mathematics of Elections
Part I: Apportionment
Mark Rogers
(a.k.a. The Mad Hatter)
The Mechanics of Elections
Any system of electing representatives is essentially a two-stage process:
Apportionment: how we determine how many representatives there should be and how those representatives are to be distributed among various subgroups of the population as a whole
Voting: how we choose which candidate(s) should be chosen as those representatives
The United States Congress
Defined in Article I of the U.S. Constitution
Consists of two chambers
The House, the apportionment of which is proportional to a state’s population
The Senate, which is not
The apportionment also affects the presidential elections.
The Electoral College weight of each state is equal to its combined House and Senate delegation.
The Senate is comprised of two members from each state, regardless of population.
The 108th Congress
The 110th Congress
The House of Representatives
Originally defined as 65 members for the original 13 states; currently 435 members, plus 5 non-voting delegates for territories
The only Constitutional requirements for apportionment are that each state gets at least one Representative, that the general distribution be based on population, and that each person in the House represent at least 30,000 residents of their state.
The original proposed First Amendment would have imposed a stepwise function for future expansions of the House’s size, but it was never ratified.
Instead, acts of Congress have governed each increase.
“Article the First” (proposed 1789)
Proposed as the first of 12 amendments to the new Constitution
If the House began to exceed 100 seats, the distribution would shift to one per 40,000 residents.
If the House began to exceed 200 seats, the distribution would shift to one per 50,000 residents.
Like the Congressional-raise-limiting “Article the Second,” it was never ratified by a sufficient number of states at the time.
The other ten amendments became the Bill of Rights.
How many Representatives is too many?
“Nothing can be more fallacious than to found our political calculations on arithmetical principles. Sixty or seventy men may be more properly trusted with a given degree of power than six or seven. But it does not follow that six or seven hundred would be proportionably a better depositary. And if we carry on the supposition to six or seven thousand, the whole reasoning ought to be reversed. The truth is, that in all cases a certain number at least seems to be necessary to secure the benefits of free consultation and discussion, and to guard against too easy a combination for improper purposes; as, on the other hand, the number ought at most to be kept within a certain limit, in order to avoid the confusion and intemperance of a multitude.”
James Madison
Average Constituency
The typical number of voters an official represents
“The Constitution…must be understood, not as enjoining an absolute relative equa ...
22320171The Struggles for Equality Civil Rights.docxtamicawaysmith
2/23/2017
1
The Struggles for Equality:
Civil Rights, Racism, Poverty,
and Immigration
Chapter 11
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
11.1 Discuss the promise of equality as embodied in the ideals of the
Enlightenment.
11.2 Discuss Martin Luther King’s philosophy of nonviolence in fighting for
equality.
11.3 Analyze the utilitarian argument for equality.
11.4 Articulate the moral arguments behind one’s duty to help the less
fortunate as proposed by Peter Singer.
The Enlightenment
The late 18th century witnessed the climax and the political
embodiment of the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment as the
American Revolution and the French Revolution brought back an
idea that had remained dormant since ancient Greece:
democracy.
In France, the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man declared that
“all men are born and remain free and equal in rights.”
2/23/2017
2
Freedom and the rights of humanity
Prior to that, in 1776, 33-year-old Thomas Jefferson with the help of
Benjamin Franklin and James Madison wrote the Declaration of
Independence which contains what is perhaps the most
sweeping and promising statement of human rights the world has
seen:
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created
equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the
Pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are
instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent
of the governed” (Declaration of Independence, In Congress,
July 4, 1776).
Martin Luther King Jr.
A man of action, a man of peace, and a man of God, Martin
Luther King was born in Atlanta on January 15, 1929, the son of
Martin Luther King, Sr., and Alberta Williams King. He attended
Morehouse College in Atlanta as an undergraduate and later
Boston University for his doctorate in theology. He became head
of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and,
also, like his father, he served as pastor to the Ebenezer Baptist
Church in Atlanta.
King’s views
The moral philosophy King developed, usually drenched in the
considerable rhetorical powers of his Baptist preacher’s armor, was a
quest for “civil rights and social justice,” as the Nobel Prize committee
cited, “that all the inhabitants of the United States would be judged
by their personal qualities and not by the color of their skins.”
His quest was a relentless, nonviolent fight against the evils of racism,
poverty, and militarism. His fight against racism continues to inspire
the struggles to eliminate all prejudice, such as anti-Semitism and
islamophobia, homophobia, mysogyny, prejudice against the
disabled, and any other form of institutionalized bigotry that keeps
people from being all that they can be.
“Racism is a philosophy based on a contempt for life,” King said. “It
separates not only b ...
Populists Elections of 1892 and 1896Presentation of this progra.docxharrisonhoward80223
Populists: Elections of 1892 and 1896
Presentation of this program was made possible by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
Our country needs cleaning up badly.
I think both parties have failed in a lot of ways. And we sometimes wish that we could have another party.
Americans are taking a serious look at our two major parties.
We're supposed to be here telling the politicians, we're not happy with you.
With surprising regularity third parties or independent candidates have identified new, more passionate concerns among voters.
Are you people creating a third party in Indiana?
Yes ma'am, we are.
You are? What is the name of your party?
[UNINTELLIGIBLE PHRASE].
If they get away from the moral issues or the family value issues, I definitely see a third party.
When Americans demand a third choice, it often changes and renews the major parties, making winners into losers and vice versa.
Hello, I'm Ben Wattenberg, moderator of the public television series Think Tank.
More often than you might think Americans have looked beyond the two major political parties and reached for a third choice. When they do, big things often happen in American politics and in American life.
Let's start at the beginning. First, why two parties? In fact, why parties at all?
In the beginning the Founders agreed. They wanted no parties in their new country.
There is nothing I dread so much as the division of the Republic into two great parties, each under its leader. John Adams.
Ignorance leads men into a party and shame keeps them from getting out again. Benjamin Franklin.
If I could not go to heaven but with a party, I would not go there at all. Thomas Jefferson.
When the framers met in Philadelphia in 1789, the constitution they drafted made no mention of parties and all.
I think the Founding Fathers were operating from a perspective where they had the English experience in view, they had the experience of the Italian city-states, the Roman Republic, the Greek polis, where they felt that parties tend to be illegitimate. There was still a feeling in the air that to systematically oppose the people that were in charge of the government-- which is what an opposition party does, typically-- was somehow illegitimate and you really shouldn't do that.
Despite that, the seeds of today's two party political system were soon planted, during the first administration of the first American president, George Washington.
Washington's cabinet included two brilliant and powerful men with opposing views of America's future. Thomas Jefferson, the Secretary of State, and Alexander Hamilton, the Secretary of the Treasury. Jefferson hoped America would remain a nation of independent farmers and yeomen like those in his home state of Virginia. And so, he wanted to limit the federal government and leave important decisions to the states.
I am for preserving to the states the powers not yielded by them to the union. Thomas Jefferson.
Hamilton thought America should .
Fantasy Congress: The Sweet Sixteen ActivityLina Nandy
A fantasy football style activity to help review some of the influential laws that Congress has passed. Instructions, bracket, and readings are in this packet.
This covers what a population pyramid is, and how to analyze one. It covers the three basic shapes and how they correspond to population growth or decline. Finally, students analyze pyramids of US cities based on unique trends (ie; an aging population in a retirement community).
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
4. Elbridge
*Gerrymandering is derived from
“Gerry” + “salamander”
@ Elbridge Gerry was the governor of
Massachusetts before becoming
Vice President under James Madison.
@ A misshapen district was drawn and passed
through the Massachusetts legislature in
1812 by the Democratic Republicans.
@ The district resembled a salamander.
5. This cartoon depicting a
district in
Massachusetts, was
printed in 1812. The
electoral districts were
drawn by Democratic-
Republican members of
the Massachusetts
legislature to favor their
incumbent party
candidates. Governor
Elbridge Gerry signed
the redistricting into law
(although reluctantly).
6. *There are two main gerrymandering
techniques: packing and cracking.
@ Packing concentrates opposition in only
one district.
@ Cracking “dilutes” the opposition, so it
becomes a minority.
7. If you were to
create four
evenly spaced
Congressional
districts, how
might you do
it?
11. This district was drawn to
separate the Hopi and the
Navajo tribes, due to
historic tensions. In order
to comply with
redistricting laws, the
district had to be
contiguous, but avoid
including Navajo land.
12. The unusual
“earmuff” shape
connects two
Hispanic
neighborhoods
while remaining
contiguous by
following
Interstate 294.
13. *The use of obstructive tactics by a
Senator to prevent voting on a bill.
*Translation: “talking a bill to death.”
14. *The use of obstructive tactics by a
Senator to prevent voting on a bill.
*Translation: “talking a bill to death.”
15.
16. *Can anyone stop it?
@ YES. That is called cloture.
@ A filibuster can be ended with a 60%
majority vote.
18. *Could I get a real world
example?
@ Huey Long used filibusters to
block bills that he felt favored
the rich over the poor.
@ He once held the floor for 15
hours… that’s the same as 10
class blocks!
19. *Fifteen hours sound like a
long time?? Strom Thurmond
wins the record.
@ He filibustered for 24 hours, 18
minutes against the Civil
Rights Act of 1957.
@ He was successful in defeating
the Civil Rights Act; it did not
pass until 1964… using cloture.
