The document discusses two theorems about proportional side splitting in triangles. Theorem 4.1 states that if a segment between two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side, it splits the sides proportionally with the same ratio. Theorem 4.2 states that if a segment splits two sides of a triangle proportionally, then the segment is parallel to the third side. The document provides examples to show how to use Theorems 4.1 and 4.2 to determine if segments are parallel or splitting sides proportionally.