The document contains a test booklet with 40 multiple choice questions about key figures and concepts in geographical thought. The questions cover topics like important German geographers such as Alexander von Humboldt, Carl Ritter, and Ferdinand von Richthofen. It also asks about concepts these geographers developed, including chorology, Erdkunde, and Landschaft.

1. Geographical Thought (17GEO24C1)
Multiple Choice Questions with Answers
Test Booklet No. – 03
Kuldip Singh Kait, Ph. D. (JNU, New Delhi),
Associate Professor
Government College for Girls, Sector-14, Gurugram, Haryana
INDIA
Academic Session: 2019-20

2. 1. Name the German Geographer, who performed all his journeys with telescopes, sextants, cynometers (for measuring
lueness of the sky) and barometers.
(A) Richthofen
(B) Alexander Von Humboldt
(C) Carl Ritter
(D) Friedrich Ratzel
2. Name the German Geographer, who was taught by A. G. Warner – the famous geologist, who put forward the hypothesis
that all the sedimentary rocks of the earth had been formed by precipitation under water and had been deposited in layers.
(A) Ellen C. Sample
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Albrecht Penck
(D) Alexander Von Humboldt
3. Who noticed that the lake Valencia has shrunk and the fields for the cultivation of crops had been developed on its flat
bed?
(A) Carl Troll
(B) Alexander Von Humboldt
(C) Carl Ritter
(D) Friedrich Ratzel
4. Who explained the feeling of dizziness as resulting from low air pressure?
(A) Ellen C. Sample
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Albrecht Penck
(D) Humboldt

3. 5. Who after visiting Vesuvius volcano (Italy) wrote his experiences and observations in thirty volumes in French language, which was
subsequently translated in a number of foreign languages?
(A) Richthofen
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) A. Von Humboldt
(D) Friedrich Ratzel
6. Who explained the cause of prosperity of the inhabitants of Mexico to their better utilization of land resources?
(A) Humboldt
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Alfred Hattner
(D) Ellen C. Sample
7. Who coined the term of permafrost to explain the frozen characteristics of Siberian soils?
(A) Carl Troll
(B) Alexander Von Humboldt
(C) Carl Ritter
(D) Friedrich Ratzel
8. Who believed in the inductive method and emphasised the importance of empirical method of research?
(A) Alexander Von Humboldt
(B) Carl Troll
(C) Carl Ritter
(D) Friedrich Ratzel
9. Who coined the term ‘cosmography’ and divided it into Uranography and Geography?
(A) Friedrich Ratzel
(B) Carl Troll
(C) Humboldt
(D) Carl Ritter

4. 10. Who gave importance to the geographical representations of data on maps and the utility of maps for
geographical studies?
(A) Richthofen
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) A. Von Humboldt
(D) Friedrich Ratzel
11. When Ritter met Humboldt for the first time?
(A) 1802
(B) 1805
(C) 1807
(D) 1803
12. Which year, Carl Ritter was appointed as Professor of History at the University of Frankfurt?
(A) 1807
(B) 1808
(C) 1818
(D) 1859
13. Which year Ritter founded the Berlin Geographical Society?
(A) 1818
(B) 1856
(C) 1858
(D) 1859

5. 14. Who declared geography as ‘Erdkunde’ or earth science?
(A) Richthofen
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) A. Von Humboldt
(D) Friedrich Ratzel
15. Who develop the concept of ‘unity in diversity’?
(A) Richthofen
(B) Humboldt
(C) Ritter
(D) Friedrich Ratzel
16. Which German Geographer emphasised in his class lectures that ‘geography is not a gazetteer of dry
facts about the names of places, rivers, mountains, trade-routes, but it is a subject which deals with man-
nature relationship?
(A) Ellen C. Sample
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Albrecht Penck
(D) Humboldt
17. Who was the first Professor of geography in Germany?
(A) Oscar Peschel
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Albrecht Penck
(D) Humboldt

6. 18. Who was editor of ‘Das Ausland’ –a periodical in which articles about the geography of foreign countries used
to be published?
(A) Ellen C. Sample
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Albrecht Penck
(D) Oscar Peschel
19. Which German Geographer with the help of maps studied fjords of Norway and put forward the hypothesis
that the fjords were the fissures in the earth’s crust that had been occupied and gauged out by glaciers?
(A) Oscar Passchel
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Albrecht Penck
(D) Humboldt
20. Who prepared a map of coalfields of China and also noted the loess formation of northern China and tried to
explain its genesis?
(A) Ellen C. Sample
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Albrecht Penck
(D) Ferdinand von Richthofen
21. Who differentiated between the ‘general’ and ‘regional’ geography?
(A) Ellen C. Sample
(B) Richthofen
(C) Albrecht Penck
(D) Humboldt

7. 22. According to Richthofen, what deals with the spatial distribution of individual phenomenon in the
world?
A. General Geography
B. Regional Geography
C. Settlement Geography
D. Scientific Geography
23. Richthofen used the term ‘chorology’for which study?
A. General Study
B. Regional Study
C. Settlement Study
D. Scientific Study
24. Match the followings.
A. Erdteile (i) Localities
B. Lander (ii) Landscape or the small regions
C. Landschaften (iii) Major Regions
D. Ortlichkeiten (iv) Major divisions of the world
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
A. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
B. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
C. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
D. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

8. 25. Who insisted that Erdkunde (geography) must refer to a study of the earth where the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the
biosphere and the hydrosphere are in contact with each other?
(A) Ellen C. Sample
(B) Albrecht Penck
(C) Richthofen
(D) Humboldt
26. Who postulated the hypothesis that the classification of climates can be made with the help of study of landforms even
where the meteorological data is not available?
(A) Ellen C. Sample
(B) Humboldt
(C) Richthofen
(D) Penck
27. Which geographer put forward the idea of topographical maps and because of his suggestions that topographical maps
at large scale i. e. One inch to one mile showing the major features, water bodies, vegetation and the work of man started
being prepared?
(A) Carl Ritter
(B) Albrecht Penck
(C) Carl Troll
(D) Humboldt
28. Wladimir Koppen – the Russian born German Climatologist – started studying world climates on the lines advocated
by?
(A) Albrecht Penck
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Ellen C. Sample
(D) Humboldt

9. 29. Whose pioneer ideas in Germany inspired many young scientists to pursue research in the field of geomorphology
and climatology?
(A) Humboldt
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Ellen C. Sample
(D) Penck
30. Gerhard Schott studied the motions, temperature, salinity, colour, ocean deposits, configuration, ocean climates,
geological structures of ocean basins, ocean organisms, the routes of the ocean trades and air-routes over ocean after
getting inspiration from which German Geographer?
(A) Humboldt
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Ellen C. Sample
(D) Penck
31. Which German Geographer put forward the ‘Central Place Theory’ with the set objectives of functional
organisation of space?
(A) Walter Christaller
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Ellen C. Sample
(D) Penck
32. Which German Geographer put forward the ‘Crop Intensity Theory’?
(A) Walter Christaller
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Von Thunen
(D) Penck

10. 33. What was the name of the geographical periodical which appeared in 1947 after Second World War in
Germany?
(A) Erdteile
(B) Lander
(C) Landschaften
(D) Erdkunde
34. Which school of thought made notable contribution in the art of map-making during the 19th and 20th
century?
(A) American School of Thought
(B) British School of Thought
(C) German School of Thought
(D) French School of Thought
35. Who, while working in W. & A. K. Johnston in Edinburgh, prepared a Physical Atlas?
(A) A. H. Patterman
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Von Thunen
(D) Penck
36. Who wrote ‘Erdkunde’?
(A) Carl Ritter
(B) Albrecht Penck
(C) Carl Troll
(D) Humboldt

11. 37. Who wrote ‘Kosmos’?
(A) Carl Ritter
(B) Albrecht Penck
(C) Carl Troll
(D) Humboldt
38. Name the author of ‘Antropogeographie’?
(A) Friedrich Ratzel
(B) Carl Troll
(C) Humboldt
(D) Carl Ritter
39. Who wrote ‘Theory of Evolution of Species’?
(A) Ratzel
(B) Darwin
(C) Humboldt
(D) Carl Ritter
40. What is ‘Landschaft’?
(A) A heterogeneous area with more uniform appearance
(B) An area with a more or less uniform appearance
(C) A homogeneous area with less uniform appearance
(D) A homogeneous area with a more or less uniform appearance

12. Multiple Choice Questions with answers
Geographical Thought (17GEO24C1)
Test Booklet No. - 03
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1. B 11. C 21. B 31. A
2. D 12. C 22. A 32. C
3. B 13. D 23. B 33. D
4. D 14. B 24. D 34. C
5. C 15. C 25. C 35. A
6. A 16. B 26. D 36. A
7. B 17. A 27. B 37. D
8. A 18. D 28. A 38. A
9. C 19. A 29. D 39. B
10. C 20. D 30. D 40. D