GEO4190_HispanoHomeland_001
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The document discusses the geographical perspective of homelands, specifically focusing on the Hispano homeland of northern New Mexico. It defines key concepts like homeland, cultural diffusion, and innovation/invention as processes of cultural change. The author Richard Nostrand's work from 30 years ago on defining and analyzing the Hispano homeland is also referenced. Specific environments of Spanish homelands in the US are discussed in the context of how cultural traits spread and were preserved over time in isolated geographical regions.
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The document discusses the Hispano homeland of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. It describes how the Hispano culture developed in relative isolation after the initial Spanish colonization, allowing an archaic folk culture to evolve. The isolation was preserved by the geographical barriers of the area, but began eroding with later Anglo intrusions, economic changes, and loss of land. Despite hard times, the Hispano culture showed tenacity, persisting in communities along the Pecos River valley.
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Similar to GEO4190_HispanoHomeland_001
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CHAPTER
2
Social and Cultural Evolution
World history reveals social transformations and directional trends of sufficient generality such that typologies of social
forms can be fruitfully constructed. These directional sequences of change constitute the bulk of what is known as
social evolution. . . . However, social evolutionists show due respect for the unique and nonrecurrent in world history.
The unique and nonrecurrent may [also] be legitimately called social evolution. (Sanderson 2007, 282)
he concept of evolution has had a unique and profound impact on the development of
social science. For over one hundred years, it helped define the field’s focus on
historical events and trends that most directly affect survival and prosperity: agricultural
revolution, industrialization, and urban growth. In fact,
the disciplines of sociology and anthropology were virtually born evolutionary, for most of the leading founders of these
field[s] embraced evolutionism of one type or another, some of them strongly so. The person who is usually credited
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modern industrial society, one based on a view of the expansion of the powers of the human mind. Emile Durkheim
carried on some of Comte’s basic evolutionary ideas. . . . Even markedly different thinkers like Karl Marx and Herbert
Spencer were very much evolutionists. (Sanderson 2007, 1)
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societies and cultures develop according to the same principles that apply to plant and animal
species—varying over time as they struggle to adapt to their respective habitats. By the mid-
1950s, the debate between evolutionists and their critics had led to a thorough reexamination
of all social theory, reflecting how important the concept has been to our understanding of the
human prospect (Cerroni-Long 1994; Flynn 1994; Sanderson 1990).
This chapter summarizes the classic position and various extensions, critiques, and
revisions of it. Our aim is to assess the strengths and limitations of evolutionism today. To
what extent does evolutionary theory help us understand the massive sociocultural
transformations our species is now undergoing? Is humanity entering a new stage of a long-
term evolutionary process? Is it a higher stage, and, if so, in what sense does it represent an
advance over the past?
Classic Evolutionism
As noted, the concept of evolution was employed in the very first theories of social science in
Weinstein, Jay. Social Change, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2010. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/capella/detail.action?docID=616416.
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Anthropology is the scientific study of humans, their behavior, and societies. It is divided into two main fields: biological/physical anthropology, which studies humans as biological organisms, and cultural anthropology, which focuses on human behavior and includes the studies of archaeology, linguistics, and ethnology. Archaeology examines material remains to understand past human behavior and cultures. Linguistic anthropology studies the history, social contexts, and structures of languages. Ethnology involves the systematic description of cultures based on first-hand observation of cultural universals, particularities, and generalities. Anthropology aims to understand human diversity and the similarities between all human cultures worldwide.
Anthropology intro and types
Anthropology seeks to answer important questions about human origins, development, and culture through scientific study. It encompasses two main types: physical anthropology, which studies human evolution and biology by examining fossils and skeletal remains; and cultural anthropology, which seeks to understand and compare human cultures through methods like participant observation, archaeology, and cross-cultural comparison. Studying anthropology can help us better understand human behavior and development, provide insight into other cultures, and promote tolerance between groups.
Anthropology1.pptx its about human anthropology and behaviors
This document provides an overview of a social anthropology course, including the instructor's contact information and a summary of the content covered in Chapter 1. The chapter defines anthropology as the study of humans, their origins, development, and variations. It notes that humans have both biological and cultural characteristics. The summary then covers key concepts in anthropology, including its scope, subject matter, and main subfields of physical/biological anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology, and socio-cultural anthropology.
anthropologicalfoundations-.pdf
Physical anthropology studies human physical structures and evolution. Cultural anthropology studies human behavior and the ways societies function. Anthropology can be divided into four main subfields: physical, cultural, linguistic, and archaeological anthropology. Anthropology is related to other sciences like biology, sociology, and history. It provides insights into how humans and cultures adapt to different environments and change over time. Anthropology contributes to education by emphasizing the role of culture and social contexts in understanding human societies.
Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humans, human behavior, and cultures. It is divided into four main subfields: physical/biological anthropology which studies human evolution and biology; archaeology which studies past human cultures through material remains; cultural anthropology which studies cultural variation; and linguistic anthropology which studies human language and communication. Key figures in the development of anthropology included Charles Darwin, who formulated the theory of evolution, and Edward Tylor who established cultural anthropology. Later, Franz Boas introduced cultural relativism, challenging beliefs of Western cultural superiority. Margaret Mead studied gender roles and their cultural influences. Structuralism and symbolic anthropology also emerged as important approaches in anthropology.
Describe neo-evolution- What is it and what are its primary tenets- Pr.docx
Describe neo-evolution. What is it and what are its primary tenets?
Provide an example of a technology that is altering or may alter human evolution.
What are the potential benefits of this type of technology?
What are the potential drawbacks?
What are the moral and ethical implications of neo-evolution?
Should we continue to pursue this form of technology? Why or why not?
Solution
oevolutionism , school of anthropology concerned with long-term culture change and with the similar patterns of development that may be seen in unrelated, widely separated cultures. It arose in the mid-20th century, and it addresses the relation between the long-term changes that are characteristic of human culture in general and the short-term, localized social and ecological adjustments that cause specific cultures to differ from one another as they adapt to their own unique environments. Further, neoevolutionists investigate the ways in which different cultures adapt to similar environments and examine the similarities and differences in the long-term historical trajectories of such groups. Because most neoevolutionists are interested in the environmental and technological adjustments of the groups they study, many are identified with the cultural ecological approach to ethnography, with the culture process approach to archaeology, and with the study of early and protohumans in biological anthropology.
Neoevolutionary anthropological thought emerged in the 1940s, in the work of the American anthropologists Leslie A. White and Julian H. Steward and others. White hypothesized that cultures became more advanced as they became more efficient at harnessing energy and that technology and social organization were both influential in instigating such efficiencies. Steward, inspired by classifying the native cultures of North and South America, focused on the parallel developments of unrelated groups in similar environments; he discussed evolutionary change in terms of what he called “levels of sociocultural integration†and “multilinear evolution,†terms he used to distinguish neoevolution from earlier, unilineal theories of cultural evolution.
In the years since White’s and Steward’s seminal work, neoevolutionary approaches have been variously accepted, challenged, rejected, and revised, and they continue to generate a lively controversy among those interested in long-term cultural and social change.
.
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UCSP_Lesson 1_Understanding the Concept of Anthropology .pdf
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