Epigenetics is the study, in the field of genetics, of cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence. -Wikipedia
Epigenetics is the study, in the field of genetics, of cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence. -Wikipedia
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression (active versus inactive genes) that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence — a change in phenotype without a change in genotype — which in turn affects how cells read the genes. - [https://www.whatisepigenetics.com/fundamentals/]
Author of this presentation: The University of Western Australia
Basic genetics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Inheritance due to genes located in cytoplasm is called cytoplasmic inheritance.
Since genes governing traits showing cytoplasmic inheritance are located outside the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, they are referred to as plasmagenes.
WHAT IS HEREIDTY
WHAT IS A GENE
WHAT IS DNA
LOCATION OF DNA
WHAT IS CHROMOSOMES
TYPES OF CHROMOSOMES
GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE
DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE GENES
MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression (active versus inactive genes) that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence — a change in phenotype without a change in genotype — which in turn affects how cells read the genes. - [https://www.whatisepigenetics.com/fundamentals/]
Author of this presentation: The University of Western Australia
Basic genetics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Inheritance due to genes located in cytoplasm is called cytoplasmic inheritance.
Since genes governing traits showing cytoplasmic inheritance are located outside the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, they are referred to as plasmagenes.
WHAT IS HEREIDTY
WHAT IS A GENE
WHAT IS DNA
LOCATION OF DNA
WHAT IS CHROMOSOMES
TYPES OF CHROMOSOMES
GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE
DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE GENES
MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
2. Main Content
1. Cell, Chromosome, DNA/Gene and Its Function
2. Law of Inheritance
3. Genetic Variants and Type of Diseases
3. PART 1
Cell and its Function
Chromosome and its Function
DNA and its Function
Gene and its Function
4. Units
CELL
Human are made of a lot of cells. Inside the cell, there is the nucleus.
Inside nucleus, there is chromosome. Inside chromosome, there is the
DNA. DNA is made of genes and genes control the traits expression.
DNA
NUCLEUS CHROMOSOME
GENES TRAITS
5. 1.1CELL AND ITS FUNCTION
Cell contains nucleus (99.9% genes) and mitochondria (few genes)
6. 1.1 CELL AND ITS FUNCTION
Human made of 50 trillion cells
Fundamental and structural units
Carried Hereditary materials
7. 1.2 CHROMOSOME AND ITS FUNCTION
• Human cells contain 2 sets of chromosomes. One
set inherited from each parents.
• Each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. 22
autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
8. 1.3 DNA AND ITS FUNCTION
DNA made of Chromosome
DNA carried genetic materials
DNA made up of 4 different bases as A,T,G,C
DNA is double stranded
10. 1.4 GENE ITS FUNCTION
• Human genomes contain 20,000 to 25,000 genes.
• Each chromosomes contain many genes, basic
physical and functional units of hereditary.
• Each gene has unique DNA sequence.
• Genes are specific sequences of bases that
encode instructions for how to make proteins.
• Genes tell the cell how to function and what traits
to be expressed.
11. 1.4 GENEOTYPES DETERMINED PHENOTYPES
Genotype: complete heritable
genetic identity.
Phenotypes:
1. Your observable traits.
2. Interaction between genes
and environment.
3. Different phenotypes are
determined by genotypes.
22. 3.1 GENETIC VARIANTS
Rhesus Monkey 93% Chimpanzee 98.5% Human 99.9%
What the percentage of DNA in chromosome that we share:
23. 3.1 GENETIC VARIANTS
What made us different from each other?
The differences came from only one nucleotide in the body.
SNPs or Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
24. 3.1 GENETIC VARIANTS - SNPs
SNPs, a single base pair substitute.
10 million SNPs in human genome that made us “unique”
• Account for the appearance differences.
• Account for how we develop diseases or respond
to drugs.
SNPs passed down one generation to the next.
25. 3.2 TYPES OF GENETIC DISEASE
Genetic diseases can be categorized into three major groups:
single-gene, chromosomal, and multifactorial.
• Changes in the DNA sequence of single genes, also known as
mutations, cause thousands of diseases.
• Genetic diseases can be caused by larger mutations in
chromosomes.
• Multifactorial diseases are caused by a complex combination
of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors.
26. VIDEO LEARNING & REFERENCES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubq4eu_TDFc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJjXpiWKMyA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Yg89GY61DE Part 3: Where do your genes come from?
Part 2: What are SNPs?
Part 1: Basic about genes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLpr6t4-eLI Part 4: What are phenotypes?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK115568/ Part 5: Why no Y?
