Epigenetics is the study, in the field of genetics, of cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence. -Wikipedia
Epigenetics is the study, in the field of genetics, of cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence. -Wikipedia
Basic genetics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
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Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression (active versus inactive genes) that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence — a change in phenotype without a change in genotype — which in turn affects how cells read the genes. - [https://www.whatisepigenetics.com/fundamentals/]
Author of this presentation: The University of Western Australia
Inheritance due to genes located in cytoplasm is called cytoplasmic inheritance.
Since genes governing traits showing cytoplasmic inheritance are located outside the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, they are referred to as plasmagenes.
WHAT IS HEREIDTY
WHAT IS A GENE
WHAT IS DNA
LOCATION OF DNA
WHAT IS CHROMOSOMES
TYPES OF CHROMOSOMES
GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE
DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE GENES
MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE
Basic genetics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression (active versus inactive genes) that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence — a change in phenotype without a change in genotype — which in turn affects how cells read the genes. - [https://www.whatisepigenetics.com/fundamentals/]
Author of this presentation: The University of Western Australia
Inheritance due to genes located in cytoplasm is called cytoplasmic inheritance.
Since genes governing traits showing cytoplasmic inheritance are located outside the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, they are referred to as plasmagenes.
WHAT IS HEREIDTY
WHAT IS A GENE
WHAT IS DNA
LOCATION OF DNA
WHAT IS CHROMOSOMES
TYPES OF CHROMOSOMES
GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE
DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE GENES
MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
2. Main Content
1. Cell, Chromosome, DNA/Gene and Its Function
2. Law of Inheritance
3. Genetic Variants and Type of Diseases
3. PART 1
Cell and its Function
Chromosome and its Function
DNA and its Function
Gene and its Function
4. Units
CELL
Human are made of a lot of cells. Inside the cell, there is the nucleus.
Inside nucleus, there is chromosome. Inside chromosome, there is the
DNA. DNA is made of genes and genes control the traits expression.
DNA
NUCLEUS CHROMOSOME
GENES TRAITS
5. 1.1CELL AND ITS FUNCTION
Cell contains nucleus (99.9% genes) and mitochondria (few genes)
6. 1.1 CELL AND ITS FUNCTION
Human made of 50 trillion cells
Fundamental and structural units
Carried Hereditary materials
7. 1.2 CHROMOSOME AND ITS FUNCTION
• Human cells contain 2 sets of chromosomes. One
set inherited from each parents.
• Each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. 22
autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
8. 1.3 DNA AND ITS FUNCTION
DNA made of Chromosome
DNA carried genetic materials
DNA made up of 4 different bases as A,T,G,C
DNA is double stranded
10. 1.4 GENE ITS FUNCTION
• Human genomes contain 20,000 to 25,000 genes.
• Each chromosomes contain many genes, basic
physical and functional units of hereditary.
• Each gene has unique DNA sequence.
• Genes are specific sequences of bases that
encode instructions for how to make proteins.
• Genes tell the cell how to function and what traits
to be expressed.
11. 1.4 GENEOTYPES DETERMINED
PHENOTYPES
Genotype: complete heritable
genetic identity.
Phenotypes:
1. Your observable traits.
2. Interaction between genes
and environment.
3. Different phenotypes are
determined by genotypes.
22. 3.1 GENETIC VARIANTS
Rhesus Monkey 93% Chimpanzee 98.5% Human 99.9%
What the percentage of DNA in chromosome that we share:
23. 3.1 GENETIC VARIANTS
What made us different from each other?
The differences came from only one nucleotide in the body.
SNPs or Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
24. 3.1 GENETIC VARIANTS -
SNPs
SNPs, a single base pair substitute.
10 million SNPs in human genome that made us “unique”
• Account for the appearance differences.
• Account for how we develop diseases or respond
to drugs.
SNPs passed down one generation to the next.
25. 3.2 TYPES OF GENETIC DISEASE
Genetic diseases can be categorized into three major groups:
single-gene, chromosomal, and multifactorial.
• Changes in the DNA sequence of single genes, also known as
mutations, cause thousands of diseases.
• Genetic diseases can be caused by larger mutations in
chromosomes.
• Multifactorial diseases are caused by a complex combination
of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors.
26. VIDEO LEARNING & REFERENCES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubq4eu_TDFc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJjXpiWKMyA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Yg89GY61DE Part 3: Where do your genes come from?
Part 2: What are SNPs?
Part 1: Basic about genes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLpr6t4-eLI Part 4: What are phenotypes?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK115568/ Part 5: Why no Y?
