Pipelining is a technique that overlaps the execution of multiple instructions. The pipeline is divided into stages connected in a pipe-like structure. Instructions enter one end and exit the other. Common stages include fetch, decode, and execute. Pipelining increases overall instruction throughput. Pipelining consists of combinational logic that performs a computation followed by a register to store results. The clock signal controls the movement of instructions between stages on each cycle. Nonuniform stage delays can limit system throughput by the speed of the slowest stage.

1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
PIPELINING
BY AWAB HUMAYUN
WASIQ ALI IRFAN
M.JUNAID SULTAN

2. Q: What’s actually Pipelining?
 Pipelining is a technique where multiple
instructions are overlapped during execution.
Pipeline is divided into stages and these stages
are connected with one another to form a pipe like
structure. Instructions enter from one end and exit
from another end. Pipelining increases the overall
instruction throughput.

3. Stages of PIPELINING:-
 Fetch loads an instruction from memory.
 Decode identifies the instruction to be executed.
 Execute processes the instruction and writes the
result back to a register.

4.  COMPUTATIONAL PIPELINING:
 It consists of some logic that performs a computation, followed by a register to hold
the results of this computation.
. On each 320 ps cycle, the system spends
300 ps evaluating a combinational logic
function and 20 ps storing the results in
an output register.

6.  DETAIL STUDY OF PIPELINE OPERATION:
 Three-stage pipeline timing.
The rising edge of the clock signal controls the movement of instructions from
one pipeline stage to the next.

7.  Nonuniform Partitioning:
 Limitations of pipelining due to nonuniform stage delays. The
system throughput is limited by the speed of the slowest stage.

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