Gene therapy is a contemporary therapeutic intervention with recent positive results and regulatory approvals either completed or expected in the next several years for various conditions. The evolving view is that gene therapy will ultimately offer hope across a range of otherwise debilitating or difficult to treat conditions. The renaissance in gene therapy has seen major development of both non viral and viral vectors and accelerated preclinical studies and clinical trials. It is therefore timely to address the progress in gene therapy through a special issue presenting reviews on non viral and viral vectors including relevant updates on applications on herpes simplex virus HSV and adeno associated virus AAV vectors. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the general concepts of gene therapy with a specific focus on monogenic rare disease in hematology and central nervous system disorders where burgeoning therapies are currently entering clinical investigations and approaching regulatory approval. Ms. Snehal D. Jadhav | Mr. Jeevan R. Rajguru | Ms. Hina U. Momin | Dr. Mrunal K. Shirsat "Gene Therapy- Challenges & Success" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30612.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/30612/gene-therapy-challenges-and-success/ms-snehal-d-jadhav
A Rare International Dialogue (Sunday, May 12, 2019)
Theme One: Diagnosis and Beyond
WORKSHOP G: Cell and Gene Therapy from Laboratory to Market - Mark Lundie, Pfizer Canada
These are the abstracts indexed with my name in the Proceedings of the National Symposium on Evolving Paradigm to Improve Productivity from Dynamic Management and Value Addition for Plant Genetic Resources.
Integrative bioinformatics analysis of Parkinson's disease related omics dataEnrico Glaab
Presentation on statistical meta analysis of omics data from Parkinson's disease case-control studies. The results are used for a comparative analysis against aging-related omics alterations in the brain and a prioritization of new candidate disease genes using the phenologs approach.
A Rare International Dialogue (Sunday, May 12, 2019)
Theme One: Diagnosis and Beyond
WORKSHOP G: Cell and Gene Therapy from Laboratory to Market - Mark Lundie, Pfizer Canada
These are the abstracts indexed with my name in the Proceedings of the National Symposium on Evolving Paradigm to Improve Productivity from Dynamic Management and Value Addition for Plant Genetic Resources.
Integrative bioinformatics analysis of Parkinson's disease related omics dataEnrico Glaab
Presentation on statistical meta analysis of omics data from Parkinson's disease case-control studies. The results are used for a comparative analysis against aging-related omics alterations in the brain and a prioritization of new candidate disease genes using the phenologs approach.
Hematological Parameters of three Strains of Local Cocks in Northern NigeriaIJEAB
The study was conducted to determine the hematological parameters of three strains of the Nigerian indigenous cocks. A total of 15 sexually matured (14-18 month of age) breeders cocks comprising (5 normal feathered, 5 frizzled feathered and 5 naked neck) were used for the experiment. The study was conducted from October to December 2016 at the Teaching and Research Farm University of Maiduguri. Blood samples were collected from 9 breeder’s cocks which were randomly selected 3 per genotype and used for hematological parameters examination. Hematological examination such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell ( RBC) , Haemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin concentration ( MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Volume ( MCV) showed significant (P<0.05)> 0.05) different between normal feathered and frizzle feathered but there is significant difference ( P< 0.05) with naked necked cock. Neutrophil ( N) showed significant (P<0.05)>0.05) difference between normal feathered and naked neck feathered , fizzle feathered and necked neck respectively but showed significant (P<0.05) difference between fizzle feathered and normal feathered respectively for M and E. the study concluded that variation in the heamatoloical parameters between three strains of local chicken in Nigeria is due to difference in their genetic makeup.
This paper aims at a systematic approach to morphologically characterize of five types of white blood cells (WBC), and its nuclei from light microscopic image of blood samples. Hence, cellular and nuclei based geometric features are computed and analyzed statistically with t-test to show their discriminating potentiality among the species. In morphometry study, the length and breadth along with nucleus of leukocytes are compared between and within the species using oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s pairwise comparison tests. In this study, the estimated values of Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus with respect to sex were compared. A total of 20 black and white rats (05 each from males and females) were collected. Blood samples were then collected from the caudal vein of anaesthetized rats. In differential leucocyte count, the parameters namely, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil (p < 0.001) and eosinophil and basophil (p < 0.05) reveal significant difference. In morphometrical study, the cell length, breadth along with nucleus of lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil (p < 0.01) and eosinophil, basophil (p < 0.05) deviates significantly between and within the species.
This presentation explains how we intend to generate a Gene Therapy tool to cure the neurodegenerative disease Huntington’s disease (HD). Our work is aimed at the creation of Herpes Simplex Virus type1 (HSV) -based vectors as potential therapy for HD.
The results of our experiments will indicate 1) which step of the synthesis pathway of the neuroprotective hormone melatonin is impaired in HD cells, and 2) if restoring, or even increasing, levels of melatonin endogenously produced in HD cell can have a neuroprotective effect.
Lung adenocarcinoma mutation landscape_India_2017_annals of oncology_pratik c...Pratik Chandrani
Lung cancer is one of the most frequent and deadly disease. This presentation summarizes the systematic genomics profiling efforts of lung adenocarcinoma patients of Indian origin, as published in
Chandrani, P., Prabhash, K., Prasad, R., Sethunath, V., Ranjan, M., Iyer, P., Aich, J., Dhamne, H., Iyer, D. N., Upadhyay, P., Mohanty, B., Chandna, P., Kumar, R., Joshi, A., Noronha, V., Patil, V., Ramaswamy, A., Karpe, A., Thorat, R., Chaudhari, P., Ingle, A., Choughule, A., Dutt, A.
(2017). "Drug-sensitive FGFR3 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma.“ Annals of Oncology 28(3): 597-603.
The study uses lung adenocarcinoma primary tumor samples (FFPE blocks) for Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS) and microfluidics (RainDance) based discovery of therapeutically relevant alterations followed by validation in 363 patient samples using mass-spectrometry based Sequenom MassArray.
The study identifies novel FGFR3 mutations in addition to well known EGFR, KRAS, EML4-ALK, AKT, PIK3CA, FGFR4, ERBB2 (HER2) etc. The novel FGFR3 mutations detected in lung adenocarcinoma were further characterized using in-vitro and in-vivo experiments to confirm their transforming capability and drug sensitivity against tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI - BGJ398).
This study provides first glance of actionable alterations in Indian lung adenocarcinoma patients and establish base for further development of precision medicine options tailored for the patients of Indian origin as well as for global population.
Development Of Method To Derive Variation Pattern In Neuraminidase Enzyme Of ...IJERA Editor
The influenza A virus has proven to be lethal over the history of time. Every season the virus is usually formed
from a new combination of various subtypes of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. It is impossible to determine
in what combination an outburst of the virus will occur and thus presents the challenge of developing efficient,
multi-effective drug/vaccine. In this study, the variation pattern followed by the neuraminidase enzyme of the
pathogen has been derived using the concept of substitution mutation. The transition score matrix has been
calculated to derive the most preferred substitution mutation by an amino acid using multiple sequence
alignment and un-gapped block identification. This score matrix has been used to predict the most probable
mutations in the present subtype of neuraminidase and propose the next in line subtype. The prediction of the
upcoming subtype has been achieved with an average accuracy of more than 60% which can further be improved
and the same methodology can be applied to other such highly varying pathogenic viral proteins.
Chimeric Antigen Receptors (paper with corresponding power point)Kevin B Hugins
Gene therapy was first conceptualized to alter debilitating fates of genetic diseases. Gene therapy technology can help introduce new functional DNA to replace mutated genes. The idea first arose in 1972 when Friedmann and Roblin authored a paper, “Gene therapy for human genetic disease?”, demonstrating that exogenous DNA can be taken up by mammalian cells (1). They proposed that the same procedure could be done on humans to correct genetic defects by introducing therapeutic DNA. Currently, genetic modification of T lymphocytes has been the major area of research for treating malignant tumors. This technique seeks to create chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in T cells by genetically modifying them in vitro and reintroduce them back into blood circulation. The T cells are unique to every patient and the chimeric antigen receptors are unique to the tumor that it is targeting.
Hematological Parameters of three Strains of Local Cocks in Northern NigeriaIJEAB
The study was conducted to determine the hematological parameters of three strains of the Nigerian indigenous cocks. A total of 15 sexually matured (14-18 month of age) breeders cocks comprising (5 normal feathered, 5 frizzled feathered and 5 naked neck) were used for the experiment. The study was conducted from October to December 2016 at the Teaching and Research Farm University of Maiduguri. Blood samples were collected from 9 breeder’s cocks which were randomly selected 3 per genotype and used for hematological parameters examination. Hematological examination such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell ( RBC) , Haemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin concentration ( MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Volume ( MCV) showed significant (P<0.05)> 0.05) different between normal feathered and frizzle feathered but there is significant difference ( P< 0.05) with naked necked cock. Neutrophil ( N) showed significant (P<0.05)>0.05) difference between normal feathered and naked neck feathered , fizzle feathered and necked neck respectively but showed significant (P<0.05) difference between fizzle feathered and normal feathered respectively for M and E. the study concluded that variation in the heamatoloical parameters between three strains of local chicken in Nigeria is due to difference in their genetic makeup.
This paper aims at a systematic approach to morphologically characterize of five types of white blood cells (WBC), and its nuclei from light microscopic image of blood samples. Hence, cellular and nuclei based geometric features are computed and analyzed statistically with t-test to show their discriminating potentiality among the species. In morphometry study, the length and breadth along with nucleus of leukocytes are compared between and within the species using oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s pairwise comparison tests. In this study, the estimated values of Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus with respect to sex were compared. A total of 20 black and white rats (05 each from males and females) were collected. Blood samples were then collected from the caudal vein of anaesthetized rats. In differential leucocyte count, the parameters namely, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil (p < 0.001) and eosinophil and basophil (p < 0.05) reveal significant difference. In morphometrical study, the cell length, breadth along with nucleus of lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil (p < 0.01) and eosinophil, basophil (p < 0.05) deviates significantly between and within the species.
This presentation explains how we intend to generate a Gene Therapy tool to cure the neurodegenerative disease Huntington’s disease (HD). Our work is aimed at the creation of Herpes Simplex Virus type1 (HSV) -based vectors as potential therapy for HD.
The results of our experiments will indicate 1) which step of the synthesis pathway of the neuroprotective hormone melatonin is impaired in HD cells, and 2) if restoring, or even increasing, levels of melatonin endogenously produced in HD cell can have a neuroprotective effect.
Lung adenocarcinoma mutation landscape_India_2017_annals of oncology_pratik c...Pratik Chandrani
Lung cancer is one of the most frequent and deadly disease. This presentation summarizes the systematic genomics profiling efforts of lung adenocarcinoma patients of Indian origin, as published in
Chandrani, P., Prabhash, K., Prasad, R., Sethunath, V., Ranjan, M., Iyer, P., Aich, J., Dhamne, H., Iyer, D. N., Upadhyay, P., Mohanty, B., Chandna, P., Kumar, R., Joshi, A., Noronha, V., Patil, V., Ramaswamy, A., Karpe, A., Thorat, R., Chaudhari, P., Ingle, A., Choughule, A., Dutt, A.
(2017). "Drug-sensitive FGFR3 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma.“ Annals of Oncology 28(3): 597-603.
The study uses lung adenocarcinoma primary tumor samples (FFPE blocks) for Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS) and microfluidics (RainDance) based discovery of therapeutically relevant alterations followed by validation in 363 patient samples using mass-spectrometry based Sequenom MassArray.
The study identifies novel FGFR3 mutations in addition to well known EGFR, KRAS, EML4-ALK, AKT, PIK3CA, FGFR4, ERBB2 (HER2) etc. The novel FGFR3 mutations detected in lung adenocarcinoma were further characterized using in-vitro and in-vivo experiments to confirm their transforming capability and drug sensitivity against tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI - BGJ398).
This study provides first glance of actionable alterations in Indian lung adenocarcinoma patients and establish base for further development of precision medicine options tailored for the patients of Indian origin as well as for global population.
Development Of Method To Derive Variation Pattern In Neuraminidase Enzyme Of ...IJERA Editor
The influenza A virus has proven to be lethal over the history of time. Every season the virus is usually formed
from a new combination of various subtypes of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. It is impossible to determine
in what combination an outburst of the virus will occur and thus presents the challenge of developing efficient,
multi-effective drug/vaccine. In this study, the variation pattern followed by the neuraminidase enzyme of the
pathogen has been derived using the concept of substitution mutation. The transition score matrix has been
calculated to derive the most preferred substitution mutation by an amino acid using multiple sequence
alignment and un-gapped block identification. This score matrix has been used to predict the most probable
mutations in the present subtype of neuraminidase and propose the next in line subtype. The prediction of the
upcoming subtype has been achieved with an average accuracy of more than 60% which can further be improved
and the same methodology can be applied to other such highly varying pathogenic viral proteins.
Chimeric Antigen Receptors (paper with corresponding power point)Kevin B Hugins
Gene therapy was first conceptualized to alter debilitating fates of genetic diseases. Gene therapy technology can help introduce new functional DNA to replace mutated genes. The idea first arose in 1972 when Friedmann and Roblin authored a paper, “Gene therapy for human genetic disease?”, demonstrating that exogenous DNA can be taken up by mammalian cells (1). They proposed that the same procedure could be done on humans to correct genetic defects by introducing therapeutic DNA. Currently, genetic modification of T lymphocytes has been the major area of research for treating malignant tumors. This technique seeks to create chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in T cells by genetically modifying them in vitro and reintroduce them back into blood circulation. The T cells are unique to every patient and the chimeric antigen receptors are unique to the tumor that it is targeting.
INTRODUCTION
DNA VACCINES
GENE THERAPY
TIME LINE OF DEVELOPING GENE THERAPY
GENE THERAPY STRATEGIES
TECHNOLOGY OF CLASSICAL GENE THERAPY
PRINCIPLES OF GENE TRANSFER
VECTORS
VIRAL VECTORS
NON-VIRAL VECTORS
APPLICATIONS OF GENE THERAPY
ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS
THE FUTURE
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Gene Therapy: Central concept of gene therapy, basic molecular mechanism of gene transfer, prerequisite of human gene therapy, biological basis of gene therapy strategies, vehicles for gene transfer, Antisence oligonucleotides and RNAi, clinical gene therapy studies, gene therapy for hereditary disease, gene therapy for cancer, gene therapy for HIV.
Gene therapy is a new tool used in combating different diseases. The majority of gene therapy clinical trials are focused on cancer and so it was no coincidence that the first commercial treatment in 2003 was for neoplasia. Currently there are a wide variety of gene therapy proposals involving a large number of anti tumour molecular mechanisms that will conceivably pave the way for highly effective a treatment options. Despite the significant advances that how been made in gene therapy in the fight against cancer, its efficacy,safety and commercial availability are still limited. Ms. Chetana D. Patil | Ms. Siddhi Chavan | Mr. Ritesh Kadam "Gene Therapy for Cancer Treatment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26537.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/biotechnology-/26537/gene-therapy-for-cancer-treatment/ms-chetana-d-patil
genes addiion\deeion\ediionthat lead to a therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic effect
Plasmid DNA
•Viral vectors
•Genetically engineered micro-organisms
•Human gene-editing technology
•Patient-derived cellular gene therapy products
The concept of transferring genes to tissues for clinical applications has been discussed for nearly half a century, but the ability to manipulate genetic material via recombinant DNA technology has brought this goal to reality. ‘Gene Therapy’ covers both the research and clinical applications of the new genetic therapy techniques currently being developed. The application of molecular biology has revolutionized researchers understanding of many diseases and has been readily applied for diagnostic purposes. Now-a-day this is originally conceived as a way to treat life-threatening disorders (inborn errors, cancers) refractory to conventional treatment, gene therapy now is considered for many non–life-threatening conditions, including those adversely affecting a patient’s quality of life. The lack of suitable treatment has become a rational basis for extending the scope of gene therapy. It is not very far, the justifiable optimism that with increased biotechnological improvement, gene therapy will become a standard part of clinical practice.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30612 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2020 Page 871
therapy describes the therapeutic gene-containing vectors
being directly injected into the patient [23]. In the in vivo
case, the gene is expressed, producing a therapeutic protein
for treatment. Theoretically, if the gene-modified cells are
long-lived and able to expand inside the body, a single gene
therapy can be sufficient to provide a lifelong therapeutic
effect. Current gene therapy technologies have reached the
point that many types of single-gene hematologic deficiency
diseases can be permanently corrected, for example, X-
linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) and
adenosine deaminase deficiency severe combined
immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID).
Modern Concept of Gene –
Genes are unit of inheritance. A gene is a segment of DNA
that provides instructions for synthesis of a specific protein
or a particular type of RNA. It may be definedasa segment of
DNA which is responsible for inheritanceandexpression ofa
particular character. Seymour Benzer (19995) introduced
the term, cristron, muton and recon.
Cistron: (Unit of function) It is responsible for expression of
a trait. It is a segment of DNA having information for
synthesis of a particular protein or RNA. It can be several
hundred bp (base pairs) long.
Muton: (Unit of mutation). It consists of a few nucleotides,
(one to few bp long). It is segment of DNA that can undergo
mutation.
Recon: (Unit of recombination). It is segment of DNA that
particular on recombination through crossing over during
meiosis. It consists of few to many base pair.
Gene Expression and Gene Regulation:
We know that in a living cell a gene expresses itself and as a
result, either a structural protein or an active protein e.g.
enzyme or RNA is produced. All these are required for
different metabolic activities. However the gene expression
can be controlled or regulated at various levels such as
transcriptional or post transcriptional or translational level.
Here we are going to discussthetranscriptional regulationof
gene expression. Usually, small extracellular or intracellular
metabolites trigger either initiation or inhibition of gene
expression. The clusters of genes with related functions are
called operons. They usually transcribe single mRNA
molecules. In E. coli some 260 genes are grouped in 75
different operons.
Structure of the Operon:
Each operon is a unit of gene expression and regulation
which includes the structural genes and their control
elements (promoters and operators). The structural genes
code for protein, t RNA and t RNA required by the cell.
Promotes are signal sequences in DNA that start RNA
synthesis. These are the sites wheretheRNApolymerase are
bound during transcription. The operators are present
between the promoters and structural genes. The repressor
protein binds to the operator region of the operon.
Regulatory genesareresponsibleforformationofrepressors
which interact with operators.
Fig: The Lac Operon
The Lac (Lactose) Operon:
The metabolism of lctose in cells requires three enzymes –
permease, β – galactosidase and transacetylase.Theenzyme
permease is needed for entry of lactose in the cell, β –
galactosidase brings about hydrolysis of lactoseintoglucose
and galactose, while transacetylase transfer acetyl group
from acetyl Co ‘A’ to β – galactoside. The lac operon has
promoter sites (p), regulatory site (i) and operator site (o).
Besides this it has three structural gens namely z, y and a.
The ‘z’ gene codes for β – galactosidase, ‘y’ gene codes for
permease and ‘a’ gene for transacetylase.
Francois Jacob and J. Monod proposed the classical model of
lac operon which can explain properly gene expression and
regulation in E. coli. In lac operon a polycistronic structural
gene is regulated by common promoter and regulatory
genes. When the cell is using its normal energy source
glucose, the ‘i’ gene transcribes a repressor m RNA, after
translation of which, a repressor protein is produced. It
binds the operator region of the operon and prevents the
RNA polymerase from transcribing the operon. As a result β
– galactosidase is not produced. In absence of glucose, if
lactose is available as energy source for the bacteria then
following events occur in the cell. The lactose enters the cell
as a result of the activity of permease enzyme. It acts as
inducer and interacts with the repressors to inactive it. As
the repressor is inactivated, the RNA polymerase can bind
itself to the operator site and transcribe the operon to
produce lac m RNA which enables formation of all the
required three enzymes needed for lactosemetabolism. This
regulation of lac operon by the repressor is an example of
negative control of transcription initiation.[21]
Objective:
Gene therapy is used to correct defective genes in order to
cure a disease or help your body better fight disease.
Researchers are investigating several ways to do this,
including:
1. Replacing mutated genes:
Some cells become diseased because certain genes work
incorrectly or no longer work at all. Replacing the defective
genes may help treat certain diseases. For instance, a gene
called p53 normally prevents tumorgrowth.Several typesof
cancer have been linked to problems with the p53 gene. If
doctors could replace the defective p53 gene that might
trigger the cancer cells to die.
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30612 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2020 Page 872
2. Fixing mutated genes:
Mutated genes that cause disease could be turned off so that
they no longer promote disease, or healthy genes that help
prevent disease could be turned on so that theycouldinhibit
the disease.[24]
Risks:
Gene therapy has some potential risks. A gene can't easilybe
inserted directly into your cells. Rather, it usually has to be
delivered using a carrier, called a vector. The most common
gene therapy vectors are viruses because theycanrecognize
certain cells and carry genetic material into the cells' genes.
Researchers remove the original disease-causinggenesfrom
the viruses, replacing them with the genes needed to stop
disease.[16]
This technique presents the following risks:
1. Unwanted immune system reaction:
Your body's immune system may see the newly introduced
viruses as intruders and attack them. This may cause
inflammation and, in severe cases, organ failure.
2. Targeting the wrong cells:
Because viruses can affect more than one type of cells, it's
possible that the altered viruses may infect additional cells
not just the targeted cells containing mutated genes. If this
happens, healthy cells maybedamaged,causingotherillness
or diseases, such as cancer.
Fig: Targeting Cell
3. Infection caused by the virus:
It's possible that once introduced into the body, the viruses
may recover their original ability to cause disease.[25]
Viruses aren't the only vectors that can be used to carry
altered genes into your body's cells. Other vectors being
studied in clinical trials include:
1. Stem cells:
Stem cells are the cells from which all other cells in your
body are created. For gene therapy, stem cellscanbetrained
in a lab to become cells that can help fight disease.
2. Liposomes:
These fatty particles have the ability to carry the new,
therapeutic genes to the target cells and pass the genes into
your cells' DNA.
Several significant barriers stand in the way of gene therapy
becoming a reliable form of treatment, including:
1. Finding a reliable way to get genetic material into cells
2. Targeting the correct cells
3. Reducing the risk of side effects
Gene therapy continues to be a very important and active
area of research aimed at developing new, effective
treatments for a variety of diseases.[17]
Vectors in gene therapy:
The delivery of DNA into cells can be accomplished by
multiple methods. The two major classes are recombinant
viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral
vectors) and naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral
methods).
Viral vector:
In order to replicate, viruses introducetheirgeneticmaterial
into the host cell, tricking the host's cellular machinery into
using it as blueprints for viral proteins. Retroviruses go a
stage further by having their geneticmaterial copiedintothe
genome of the host cell. Scientists exploitthisbysubstituting
a virus's genetic material with therapeutic DNA. (The term
'DNA' may be an oversimplification, as some viruses contain
RNA, and gene therapy could take this form as well.) A
number of viruses have been used for human gene therapy,
including retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex,
vaccinia, and adeno-associated virus.[4] Like the genetic
material (DNA or RNA) in viruses, therapeutic DNA can be
designed to simply serve as a temporary blueprint that is
degraded naturally or (at least theoretically) to enter the
host's genome, becoming a permanentpartofthehost'sDNA
in infected cells.
Non-viral:
Non-viral methods present certain advantages over viral
methods, such as large scale production and low host
immunogenicity. However, non-viral methods initially
produced lower levels of transfection and gene expression,
and thus lower therapeutic efficacy. Newer technologies
offer promise of solving these problems, with the advent of
increased cell-specific targeting and subcellular trafficking
control. Methods for non-viral gene therapy include the
injection of naked DNA, electroporation, the gene gun,
sonoporation, magnetofection, the use of oligonucleotides,
lipoplexes, dendrimers, and inorganic nanoparticles. More
recent approaches, such as those performed by companies
such as Ligandal, offer the possibility of creatingcell-specific
targeting technologies for a variety of gene therapy
modalities, including RNA, DNA and gene editing tools such
as CRISPR. Othercompanies, suchasArbutusBiopharma and
Arcturus Therapeutics, offer non-viral, non-cell-targeted
approaches that mainly exhibit liver trophism. In more
recent years, startups such as Sixfold Bio, GenEdit, and
Spotlight Therapeutics have begun to solve the non-viral
gene delivery problem. Non-viral techniques offer the
possibility of repeat dosing and greater tailorability of
genetic payloads, which in the future will be more likely to
take over viral-based delivery systems. Companies such as
Editas Medicine, Intellia Therapeutics,CRISPR Therapeutics,
Casebia, Cellectis, Precision Biosciences, bluebird bio, and
Sangamo have developed non-viral gene editing techniques,
however frequently still use viruses for delivering gene
insertion material following genomic cleavage by guided
nucleases. These companies focus on gene editing, and still
face major delivery hurdles. Moderna Therapeutics and
CureVac focus on delivery of mRNA payloads, which are
necessarily non-viral delivery problems. Alnylam, Dicerna
Pharmaceuticals, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals focus on
delivery of siRNA (antisense oligonucleotides) for gene
suppression, which also necessitate non-viral delivery
systems. In academic contexts, a number of laboratories are
working on delivery of PEGylated particles, which form
serum protein coronas and chiefly exhibit LDL receptor
mediated uptake in cells in vivo.[10]
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30612 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2020 Page 873
Fig: Gene Therapy
Challenges of This Type of Therapy
Finding the best delivery system for transporting normal
CFTR genes is only one challenge that scientists must solve
to develop an effective treatment for cystic fibrosis.
Scientists must also:
1. Determine the life span of the affected lung cells
2. Identify the "parent cells" that produce CFTR cells.
3. Find out how long treatment should last and how often
it needs to be repeated.
The first CF gene therapy experiments have involved lung
cells because these cells are readily accessible and because
lung damage is the most common, life-threatening problem
in CF patients. However, scientists hope that the
technologies being developed for lung cells will be adapted
to treat other organs affected by cystic fibrosis.
Conclusion:
Though gene therapy can offer the opportunity to
significantly improve symptomology or slow progression of
non-cancerous blood and/or neurologic disorders, it
currently remains in the researcharena.Assuch,thosebeing
treated do so with uncertain expectation of the outcome. It
will be a number of years before a fully informed position is
available, but clinicians should be thinking about who might
benefit most from gene therapy based on extrapolation of
early clinical trial data, potential impact on health care costs
and patient quality of life.
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