This study analyzed hematological values of three indigenous goat breeds (Kambing Katjang, Boer, and Jamnapari) in Malaysia to understand how values are affected by sex and breed. Blood samples were taken every two weeks from 60 adult goats. Several parameters, such as red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and platelet count, were found to be significantly influenced by breed and sex. Female Jamnapari goats had higher red blood cell counts, while male Boer goats had higher hemoglobin levels. Overall, Kambing Katjang goats performed better than the other breeds in immune system markers. The study contributes to understanding adaptation processes in goat breeds and provides useful health information.
Blood and saliva samples from 170 subjects of both sexes were collected from the community, Rajputs of Himachal Pradesh and were examined to determine their ABO and Rhesus blood groups by standard conventional methods and the secretor status was determined with Absorption elution technique. Out of 170 subjects 148 were secretors. A frequency distribution of 16.2%, 43.2%, 8.1% and 32.4% was observed for blood groups A, B, AB and O, respectively. The allelic frequencies were
calculated to be 0.2, 0.24 and 0.56 for A, B and O alleles. The allele frequency for the secretor gene was found to be Se =0.64, and for non-secretor, se = 0.36. The allelic frequencies of blood groups were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
The Study of secretor status provides a useful tool in medico legal cases for detection of suspected crime. This finding of distribution of blood groups, secretors and non-secretors in normal healthy population would be beneficial for further study, protecting at least partially, from certain malignancies or allowing them to have less aggressive disease, and this finding might be useful in enhancing further studies and research in this direction.
Effect of Selenium in Treatment of Male Infertility by Mossa M Morbat, Azzawi M Hadi* and Dekhel H Hadri in Experimental Techniques in Urology & Nephrology
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein, a member of the transforming growth factor-B super family. This hormone is a sensitive marker of ovarian reserve. The present study aims to measure the Anti-Mullerian hormone in thalassemic females receiving the regular blood transfusion as well as patients of chronic idiopathic thrombocgtopenic purpura and age and sex matched controls. Serum Anti-Mullerian hormone was measured by ELISA and Ferritin were measured by RIA. Clinical evaluation was done for all patients including anthropometric measurements, pubertal staging and history taking. Results of the study were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Obtained results revealed that the values of Body Mass Index as well as Anti-Mullerian were significantly higher in controls than thalassemics and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and there was a negative correlation between serum Ferritin and Anti-Mullerian hormone. Moreover, Anti-Mullerian hormone was significantly higher in patients receiving Desferal than in those receiving Deferriprone. Reduced Anti-Mullerian hormone in thalassemics as well as chronic ITP patients are considered an important indicator declines in ovarian function which entail modification in the therapeutic plans for thalassemic and chronic ITP patients.
Haematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Mature Harco Cocks Treated...IJEAB
Twenty sexually matured (24 weeks old) healthy Harco cocks were used to determine the effect of Gonadotrophin (Diclair®) on haematology and serum biochemistry. The cocks were divided into 4 treatment groups of 5 cocks per group identified as T1 (control) administered with 1ml physiological saline, T2, administered with 6.75i.u Diclair® and T4, administered with 20.25i.u Diclair®, with one cock per replicate in a completely Randomized Design (CRD). The injections were dividedinto three doses each and administered intramuscularly in the thigh for three consecutive days. One week after Diclair® treatments, five birds from each group were bled from the wing veins for haematology and serum biochemistry. Results of this study showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. Basophils were not detected among the treatment groups. The results further showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. However, the values were within the normal ranges, indicating that Diclair® had no deleterious effect on these parameters.
Blood and saliva samples from 170 subjects of both sexes were collected from the community, Rajputs of Himachal Pradesh and were examined to determine their ABO and Rhesus blood groups by standard conventional methods and the secretor status was determined with Absorption elution technique. Out of 170 subjects 148 were secretors. A frequency distribution of 16.2%, 43.2%, 8.1% and 32.4% was observed for blood groups A, B, AB and O, respectively. The allelic frequencies were
calculated to be 0.2, 0.24 and 0.56 for A, B and O alleles. The allele frequency for the secretor gene was found to be Se =0.64, and for non-secretor, se = 0.36. The allelic frequencies of blood groups were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
The Study of secretor status provides a useful tool in medico legal cases for detection of suspected crime. This finding of distribution of blood groups, secretors and non-secretors in normal healthy population would be beneficial for further study, protecting at least partially, from certain malignancies or allowing them to have less aggressive disease, and this finding might be useful in enhancing further studies and research in this direction.
Effect of Selenium in Treatment of Male Infertility by Mossa M Morbat, Azzawi M Hadi* and Dekhel H Hadri in Experimental Techniques in Urology & Nephrology
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein, a member of the transforming growth factor-B super family. This hormone is a sensitive marker of ovarian reserve. The present study aims to measure the Anti-Mullerian hormone in thalassemic females receiving the regular blood transfusion as well as patients of chronic idiopathic thrombocgtopenic purpura and age and sex matched controls. Serum Anti-Mullerian hormone was measured by ELISA and Ferritin were measured by RIA. Clinical evaluation was done for all patients including anthropometric measurements, pubertal staging and history taking. Results of the study were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Obtained results revealed that the values of Body Mass Index as well as Anti-Mullerian were significantly higher in controls than thalassemics and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and there was a negative correlation between serum Ferritin and Anti-Mullerian hormone. Moreover, Anti-Mullerian hormone was significantly higher in patients receiving Desferal than in those receiving Deferriprone. Reduced Anti-Mullerian hormone in thalassemics as well as chronic ITP patients are considered an important indicator declines in ovarian function which entail modification in the therapeutic plans for thalassemic and chronic ITP patients.
Haematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Mature Harco Cocks Treated...IJEAB
Twenty sexually matured (24 weeks old) healthy Harco cocks were used to determine the effect of Gonadotrophin (Diclair®) on haematology and serum biochemistry. The cocks were divided into 4 treatment groups of 5 cocks per group identified as T1 (control) administered with 1ml physiological saline, T2, administered with 6.75i.u Diclair® and T4, administered with 20.25i.u Diclair®, with one cock per replicate in a completely Randomized Design (CRD). The injections were dividedinto three doses each and administered intramuscularly in the thigh for three consecutive days. One week after Diclair® treatments, five birds from each group were bled from the wing veins for haematology and serum biochemistry. Results of this study showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. Basophils were not detected among the treatment groups. The results further showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. However, the values were within the normal ranges, indicating that Diclair® had no deleterious effect on these parameters.
Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection on the Endocrine
Pancreas of the Experimentally Induced Diabetes in Male Albino Rats: A
Histological and Immunohistochemical Study
dkNET Webinar: Population-Based Approaches to Investigate Endocrine Communica...dkNET
Abstract
Mechanisms of inter-organ signaling have been established as hallmarks of nearly every pathophysiologic condition, where many exist as related and complex diseases. While significant work has been focused on understanding how individual cell types contribute and respond to specific perturbations related to common, complex disease, an equally-important but relatively less-explored question involves how relationships between organs are altered in the context of an integrated living organism. Current technical advances, such as proteomic analysis of plasma or conditioned media, have allowed for a more unbiased visualization and discovery of additional inter-tissue signaling molecules. However, one important feature which is lacking from these approaches is the ability to gain insight as to the function, mechanisms of action and target tissue(s) of relevant molecules. To begin to address these constraints, we initially developed a correlation-based bioinformatics framework which uses multi-tissue gene expression and/or proteomic data, as well as publicly available resources to statistically rank and functionally annotate endocrine proteins involved in tissue cross-talk. Using this approach, we identified many known and experimentally validated several novel inter-tissue circuits. This was this first study to directly link an endocrine-focused bioinformatics pipeline from population data directly to experimentally-validated mechanisms of inter-tissue communication. While these validations provide strong support for exploiting natural variation to discover new modes of communication, these serve as simple proof-of-principle studies and, thus, have promising potential for expansion. Some of these will be discussed during the presentation.
Presenter: Marcus Seldin, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine
Upcoming webinars schedule: https://dknet.org/about/webinar
Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection on the Endocrine
Pancreas of the Experimentally Induced Diabetes in Male Albino Rats: A
Histological and Immunohistochemical Study
dkNET Webinar: Population-Based Approaches to Investigate Endocrine Communica...dkNET
Abstract
Mechanisms of inter-organ signaling have been established as hallmarks of nearly every pathophysiologic condition, where many exist as related and complex diseases. While significant work has been focused on understanding how individual cell types contribute and respond to specific perturbations related to common, complex disease, an equally-important but relatively less-explored question involves how relationships between organs are altered in the context of an integrated living organism. Current technical advances, such as proteomic analysis of plasma or conditioned media, have allowed for a more unbiased visualization and discovery of additional inter-tissue signaling molecules. However, one important feature which is lacking from these approaches is the ability to gain insight as to the function, mechanisms of action and target tissue(s) of relevant molecules. To begin to address these constraints, we initially developed a correlation-based bioinformatics framework which uses multi-tissue gene expression and/or proteomic data, as well as publicly available resources to statistically rank and functionally annotate endocrine proteins involved in tissue cross-talk. Using this approach, we identified many known and experimentally validated several novel inter-tissue circuits. This was this first study to directly link an endocrine-focused bioinformatics pipeline from population data directly to experimentally-validated mechanisms of inter-tissue communication. While these validations provide strong support for exploiting natural variation to discover new modes of communication, these serve as simple proof-of-principle studies and, thus, have promising potential for expansion. Some of these will be discussed during the presentation.
Presenter: Marcus Seldin, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine
Upcoming webinars schedule: https://dknet.org/about/webinar
Hematological Parameters of three Strains of Local Cocks in Northern NigeriaIJEAB
The study was conducted to determine the hematological parameters of three strains of the Nigerian indigenous cocks. A total of 15 sexually matured (14-18 month of age) breeders cocks comprising (5 normal feathered, 5 frizzled feathered and 5 naked neck) were used for the experiment. The study was conducted from October to December 2016 at the Teaching and Research Farm University of Maiduguri. Blood samples were collected from 9 breeder’s cocks which were randomly selected 3 per genotype and used for hematological parameters examination. Hematological examination such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell ( RBC) , Haemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin concentration ( MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Volume ( MCV) showed significant (P<0.05)> 0.05) different between normal feathered and frizzle feathered but there is significant difference ( P< 0.05) with naked necked cock. Neutrophil ( N) showed significant (P<0.05)>0.05) difference between normal feathered and naked neck feathered , fizzle feathered and necked neck respectively but showed significant (P<0.05) difference between fizzle feathered and normal feathered respectively for M and E. the study concluded that variation in the heamatoloical parameters between three strains of local chicken in Nigeria is due to difference in their genetic makeup.
Variable transcriptional adaptation between the laboratory (H37Rv) and clinic...Santhi Devasundaram
The remarkable success of M. tuberculosis as a pathogen is largely due to its ability to
persist within the host for long periods. To develop the effective intervention strategies, understanding the biology
of persistence is highly required. Accumulating evidences showed oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) as a potential
stimulus for triggering the transition of M. tuberculosis to a non-replicating persistent state analogous to
latency in vivo. To date, in vitro hypoxia experimental models used the laboratory adapted isolate H37Rv and
very little is known about the behavior of clinical isolates that are involved during disease outbreaks. Hence,
we compared the transcription profiles of H37Rv and two south Indian clinical isolates (S7 and S10) under hypoxia
to find differences in gene expression pattern.
Evaluation of plasma Creatine Kinase activity and Inorganic phosphate among S...IOSRJPBS
Background: CK and phosphorus are helpful biomarker for detection of early renalabnormality particularlyCK which has been shown to be abetter predicator of acute renal failure. Objectives: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study.Conducted in Khartoum and White Nile state from March to June 2016.The aim of this study to assess serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and inorganic phosphate concentrations in Sudanese patients with sickle cell anemia. 80 subjects were enrolled in this study they were classified into 40 with sickle cell disease (SCD) as casegroup and 40 healthy apparently as control group. CK activity and phosphorus level was measured by using Spectrophotometry method. Results: The results showed significantly higher Ck activity in patients with SCD when compared with control group with (P = 0.021), and not significant differences in mean of serum phosphorus concentration in case when compared with control with (P = 0.547). Also show serum CK activity in patients used hydroxyurea when compare with the mean of patients not used hydroxyurea it is significantly decrease with (P= 0.006)
Effect of mow procedure on physiological and biochemical properties of blood ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
A comparative analysis of biochemical and hematological parameters in diabeti...amsjournal
This study evaluated the biochemical and the hematological parameters in diabetic and non- diabetic patients. The measured biochemical parameters were fasting blood sugar, serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT/ALT), total cholesterol, urea, creatinine and hematological parameters were hemoglobin, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte,monocyte, eosinophil and ESR. There were 403 diabetic and 320 non-diabetic subjects included in this study and the study was carried out in BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders) General Hospital). It was observed that the mean values of SGPT/ALT (p<0.001),><0.001)><0.001)><0.001),><0.004),><0.001) of hematological parameters were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic patients. In univariate analysis, all biochemical parameters and only four hematological parameters were found significantly associated with fasting blood sugar after adjusted with age and sex. The fasting blood sugar correlates highly with the other biochemical parameters but less or none with the hematological parameters. Our findings demonstrated that control of increased biochemical parameters and abnormal hematological levels in the early stage of diabetes mellitus may help the patients to raise quality of life.
Effect of Gonadotrophin (Pergonal®) on Haematological and Serum Biochemical P...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Twelve Ouda rams aged 2 – 2.6 years and weighed between 40.21 – 40.32kg were randomly distributed into 3 groups of 4 animals with one ram per replicate in a completely randomized design and used to determine the effect of Pergonal® on haematology and serum biochemistry. These groups were assigned to 3 levels of Pergonal® injection as treatments. The injections were 0.00i.u, 49.50i.u, and 99.00i.u Pergonal® represented as T1 (control), T2, and T3, respectively. All the treatments were administered by intramuscular injections. The injections were divided into three doses each and administered intramuscularly in the thigh for three consecutive days. The results of the study showed that apart from Alanine transaminase and eosinophils, the haematological and serum biochemical parameters and immune status of ouda rams may be affected when 49.50i.u or more of Pergonal are used for induction of spermatogenesis. These parameters should be constantly monitored during pergonal administration in ouda rams.
Evaluation of Plasma Creatine Kinase Activity and Inorganic Phosphate among S...IOSRJPBS
Background: CK and phosphorus are helpful biomarker for detection of early renal abnormality particularly CK which has been shown to be abetter predicator of acute renal failure. Objectives: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Conducted in Khartoum and White Nile state from March to June 2016.The aim of this study to assess serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and inorganic phosphate concentrations in Sudanese patients with sickle cell anemia. 80 subjects were enrolled in this study they were classified into 40 with sickle cell disease (SCD) as casegroup and 40 healthy apparently as control group. CK activity and phosphorus level was measured by using Spectrophotometry method. Results: The results showed significantly higher Ck activity in patients with SCD when compared with control group with (P = 0.021), and not significant differences in mean of serum phosphorus concentration in case when compared with control with (P = 0.547). Also show serum CK activity in patients used hydroxyurea when compare with the mean of patients not used hydroxyurea it is significantly decrease with (P= 0.006). Conclusion: The studies conclude that Sickle cell disease is a predictor for high serum CK activity and low serum concentration of inorganic phosphate
Potential Alleviation of Chlorella vulgaris and Zingiber officinale on Lead-I...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Natural products were studied to combat reproductive alterations of lead. The current work
aimed to disclose the efficacy of Chlorella vulgaris and Zingiber officinale to alleviate lead
acetate induced toxicity. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups.
Group 1 was considered control, group 2 received 200 mg/l PbAc water, group 3 received 50
mg/kg/rat of C. vulgaris extract and 200 mg/l PbAc water, and group 4 received 100
mg/kg/rat of Z. officinale and 200 mg/l PbAc water for 90 days. Testis samples were subjected
to ultrastructural examination. It was observed that PbAc caused degenerative alterations in
the spermatogenic series in many tubules, with a loss of germ cells and vacuoles inside the
cytoplasm and between the germ cells. Mitochondria exhibited ballooning, with lost cristae
and widening of the interstitial tissue, while nuclear envelopes of primary spermatocytes
were broken up, and axonemes of the mid-pieces of the sperms were distorted. With the
treatment with C. vulgaris or Z. officinale, there were noticeable improvements in these
modifications. It was concluded that both C. vulgaris and Z. officinale represent convincing
medicinal components that may be used to ameliorate testicular toxicity in those exposed to
lead in daily life with superior potentials revealed by C. vulgaris due to its chelating action.
Key words: Chlorella vulgaris, lead acetate, ultrastructure, Zingiber officinale.
Similar to Haematological values of apparently healthy indigenous goats in Malaysia: A comparative study (20)
Effect of lyophilized aqueous leaf extract of Aquilaria subintegra on aphrodi...Mohammed Muayad TA
Objective: To investigate the effects of Aquilaria subintegra leaf aqueous extracts on the
aphrodisiac properties including sexual behaviour, testosterone level, percentage of pregnancy,
number of offspring and male to female ratio of offspring in ICR mice.
Methods: In this experiment, each male cohabitated with one female in a polysulfone cage.
30 ICR male mice were divided into 6 groups that received normal saline (the control group),
50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1 000 mg/kg body weight of Aquilaria
subintegra leaf aqueous extracts orally for 21 days consecutively. Sexual behavior, percentage
of pregnancy, number of offspring and male to female ratio of offspring in ICR mice were
measured according to the established methods. Testosterone level was measured by using
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: Mice that received Aquilaria subintegra leaf aqueous extracts at 50 mg/kg body
weight (day 0) had significantly higher mount frequency as compared to the control group;
groups treated with 100, 500, 1 000 mg/kg body weight extracts produced a greater number
of offsprings when compared to the control group. All aphrodisiac parameters were similar
between the treatment groups and the control group, indicating that Aquilaria subintegra leaf
aqueous extract did not significantly alter the aphrodisiac parameters.
Conclusions: Aquilaria subintegra leaf aqueous extracts have no effect on the aphrodisiac
properties, but could increase the breeding rate in mice.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology
Haematological values of apparently healthy indigenous goats in Malaysia: A comparative study
1. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE
www.arccjournals.com/www.ijaronline.in
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: haniza@fsmt.upsi.edu.my
Indian J. Anim. Res., 52(12) 2018: 1701-1704
Print ISSN:0367-6722 / Online ISSN:0976-0555
Haematological values of apparently healthy indigenous goats in Malaysia:
A comparative study
T.A. Mohammed Muayad, M.Z.H. Haniza*, I. Husni and Alene Tawang
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics,
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
Received: 02-04-2016 Accepted: 17-08-2016 DOI: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.6828
ABSTRACT
Objective of this studywas to understand the changes that occur among several strains of goats in Malaysia byinvestigating
the haematological values under the tropical climate to stand on the health level and immune system. Sixtyadult goats were
used. These goats comprised three indigenous breeds, namely, Kambing Katjang, Boer, and Jamnapari. Blood samples
(n=618) were withdrawn for every2 weeks. Complete blood picture was determined immediatelyafter collection.ANOVA,
(P< 0.05), was used to analyze data for the effects of sex and breed. Several of the analyzed parameters seem to be affected
at the sex and breed.
Key words: Boer, Goats, Haematology, Jamnapari, Kambing Katjang.
INTRODUCTION
Blood composition of an animal may be influenced
bycertain factors, such as nutrition, management, sex, age,
diseases, and stress (Schalm et al., 1975). A great variation
exists in the haematological parameters, as observed among
breeds of goats (Tambuwal et al., 2002). In this regard,
formulating a universal metabolic profile test for goat may
be difficult (Opara et al., 2010). The life of all flesh is blood,
and its usefulness in assessing the health status, chemical
evaluation for survey, physiological pathological conditions
and diagnostic and prognostic evaluations of various types
ofdiseases in animals cannot be overemphasized (Tambuwal
et al., 2002). Blood also helps in distinguishing the normal
state form of stress, which can be maturational,
environmental, or physical (Aderemi, 2004). Haematological
values are widelyused todetermine systematic relationships
and physiological adaptations, including the assessment of
the general health condition of an animal (Kamal Shah et
al., 2007).
Although goats are prolific animals, which is a trait
ofmajor economic importance, their haematological analyses
are not available extensivelyin animal breeding in Malaysia.
Therefore, this study was designed to understand the
haematological changes that occur among three indigenous
breeds, namely, Kambing Katjang, Boer, and Jamnapari in
Malaysia.
MATERIALSAND METHODS
Location and animals: This experiment was conducted at
Alhilmi Farm, Slim River, under the control of University
Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia. The animals were
adjusted and supplemented with food for 2 months prior to
the start of the experiment. A total of 60 adult goats were
used, consisting of 30 bucks and 30 does (10 to each breed).
The animals were apparently healthy. Pregnant and
apparentlysick animals were excluded. The age ofthe adults
ranged from 8–12 months at the onset of the experiment.
Weather temperature was 23°C–37 °C.
Experimental methodology: The animals were grouped in
their respective cages and fed a pellet and green fodder (2
kg/goat/dayand 4 kg/goat/day, respectively) and had access
to mineral salt and water ad libitum.
Blood sampling: Atotal of 618 blood samples were collected
from goats of different breeds. The blood was through their
jugular veins with a syringe with 18G needle for every 2
weeks. The blood samples of 3.5 ml were collected into a
plastic tube containing EDTAfor haematological studies.
Haematology: Haematological tests included total red blood
cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume
(PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular
hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC), RBC
distribution width (RDW), total white blood cell (WBC)
count, polymorphs (Polys), lymphocytes (Lymphs),
monocytes (Monos), eosinophils (Eos), basophils (Basos),
and platelet count (PLT) were determined immediatelyafter
collection via microscopy and testing machine.
Statistical analysis: Two-wayANOVAwas performed with
SPSS to analyze the data, and the significance was at P<0.05
for blood parameters. The analysis determined the significant
differences based on the blood constituents, which were
influenced by breed and sex of the goats in Malaysia.
2. 1702 INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL RESEARCH
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Several of the analyzed blood parameters seemed
to be affected at the sex and breed. One or both of these
factors revealed a steady state or a development of the
haematological system for goats (Table 1, Fig. 1).
RBC: The RBC of female Jamnapari goats were high (P <
0.05) compared to other goats. The RBC count in all types
of goats was lower than that reported in other works (Zumbo
et al., 2011; Shaikat et al., 2013). The results disagreed with
the findings of another study (Rice and Hall, 2007), which
investigated mountain goats. The difference might be caused
by the variation in the magnitude of their position or
geographical variation. The results ofthe RBC count showed
that does have higher RBC values than bucks. The difference
mayhave caused bysex is a signal of the health status of the
various sex groups among the investigated goat breed. The
results disagreed with the findings in the other works (Schalm
et al., 1975; Addas et al., 2010), which reported that bucks
have higher RBC values than does.
Hb: AHb of male Boer goats were high (P < 0.05) compared
toother goats. The Hbconcentration in malesthan in females.
This characteristic is an advantage in terms of the oxygen
carrying capacityof the blood. The results agreed with those
reported in other workers Tambuwal et al., (2002), Rice and
Hall, (2007), Piccione et al., (2010a). In this study, the Hb
values in goats were higher than those reported in other works
Kiran et al., (2012), Shaikat et al., (2013). The probable
reason is the nutritional variation, strain, and sex of goats.
PCV: The PCV of female Jamnapari goats were higher (P<
0.05) than the other breeds. Also the level of PCV in does
was higher than that in bucks. This result disagreed with
that of Njidda et al. (2013), who claimed that bucks having
higher PCV values than does is a likelihood of inherent sex
differences between male and female (Addas et al., 2010).
Table 1: Haematological values of different breeds and sex of indigenous goat adults.
Strain KK Boer Jamnapari
Sex Male Female St. Error Male Female St. Error Male Female St. Error
RBC 3.3 3.5c
.09888 4 4.2b
.10483 3.2 4.8a
.27285
Hb 10.4b
10.4b
.08165 10.9a
7.8 .53401 10.2b
9.6 .14667
PCV 27 38c
1.96356 40 45b
1.19954 35 53a
3.16228
MCV 81 111a
5.47925 100b
107 2.81366 109a
108 2.68845
MCH 32a
30.5 .86683 27b
19 1.69476 32a
20 2.19848
MCHC 39a
27.5 2.08333 27c
17 1.72240 30b
21 2.09497
RDW 22.1 23.6a
1.01994 24a
19.8 .95801 22.6b
21.1 1.01994
WBC 167 186a
763.79898 147 177b
598.88786 103 122c
390.79691
Polys 36 57c
3.54018 68b
75a
2.08535 28 52d
4.25898
Lymphs 62a
40.5 3.65775 29 20 1.54020 57b
47c
2.97769
Monos 2b
1.5 .20069 1 5a
.75277 0 1c
.18257
Eos 0 1c
.18254 2b
0 .34157 5a
1 .75166
Basos 0 0 .00000 0 0 .00000 0 0 .00000
PLT 810b
552 43652.4150 655 831a
31273.3468 815b
521 49659.2836
Means within the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05).
*WBC x102
, PLT x103.
Fig 1: Haematological values of indigenous goat adults in Malaysia
*Fig. 1 Indicates that the comparison among the blood values of adults.
3. Volume 52 Issue 12 (December 2018) 1703
The findings of this studyindicated that PCV varies among
sex and breed of goats. An increase in PCV values might be
attributed to the increase in environmental temperature
(Isidahomen et al., 2010). The increased PCV values
observed in this study might probably be a sign of healthy
goats.
MCV: The MCV of female Kambing Katjang (KK) goats
were high (P< 0.05). The values ofMCV were no differences
exist among adults except in KK. However, the reference
values determined in the present studydisagreed with those
of the described goats by other researchers, and the trend
was higher to that reported in other studies (Addas et al.,
2010).
MCH and MCHC: MCH and MCHC of male KK goats
were high (P < 0.05). The MCH and MCHC in this study
showed higher values than those recorded byAfyon (2012).
MCH measures the amount or the mass of Hb present in one
RBC, whereas MCHC measures the proportion of each cell
taken up by Hb. An MCHC of less than 32% or an MCH
under 27 % indicates that the RBCs are deficient in Hb
concentration. MCH has been decreased in the females of
Boer and Jamnapari. MCHC is very significant in the
diagnosis of anemia. It also serves as a useful index of the
capacity of bone marrow to produce RBCs (Berger, 2003).
Total WBC: The WBC of female Kambing Katjang (KK)
goats were high (P < 0.05). The values of total WBC count
showed nonsignificant effect of sex, which indicates that the
sex have little or no effect on the health status of these goat
breeds; however, the obtained values in this studywere higher
than those obtained in other works Tambuwal et al., (2002),
Zumbo et al., (2011), Shaikat et al., (2013). The results also
disagreed with those reported in many works Piccione et
al., (2010a), which reported that sex factors might affect
these values. Differentials leucocyte counts were explained
for all original breeds. The increased values showed in KK
goatsobtained in this studysuggested that theimmune system
of this goat breed was well developed. Compared with other
ruminants, more lymphocytes exist in circulation than
neutrophils (Afyon, 2012). The increased values of the WBC
observed may also be attributed to the extensively managed
goats, therebymaking them face challenges from microbes
when on a free range. WBCs were the first line of defense of
a body against invading bacteria and other harmful
organisms.WBC count measured thetotal number ofall types
of WBCs. Further examination of the different types and
numbers of cells present can present an information about
the state of the defense system of a body. Thus, the female
of KK have the strongest defense system among all other
goats in this study.
Polymorph and Lymphocytes: Polymorphs of female Boer
goats were high (P < 0.05). The lymphocytes of male KK
goats were high (P < 0.05). The polys values in females of
Boer were higher than those in males. The lymphs levels
were comparable among the breeds and sex groups of the
animals. In goats, similar to other ruminants, high levels of
lymphs exist in circulation (Olusanya et al., 1976). Lymphs
are the keyelements in the production ofimmunity. However,
sex, and breed significantlyinfluence lymphocyte count. In
the present study, the lymphocyte percentage was higher than
the findings by many researchers Rice and Hall, (2007),
Piccione et al., (2010b), Shaikat et al., (2013). It isalsohigher
in male ofKKcompared with other sex andbreeds. Thereason
mayprobablybe the altitude variation and other factors.
Monocyte: Monocytes of female Boer goats were high (P <
0.05). The Monos percentage of adult goats was lower in
the present study than that in the findings of Piccione et al.
(2010a) for Girgentana goat and that in Rice and Hall (2007)
for mountain goats. The reason might be caused by the
prevalence of chronic infection exposure in plain land
compared with those in the mountains.
Eosinophils: The values for eosinophils in this study were
higher in adult males ofJamnapari than in other breeds. These
results were lower than those in Njidda et al. (2013).
However, the selectins and integrins have some selectivity
in the wayin which theyrespond and on the killing molecules
they secrete (Ganong, 2005).
Basophils: A basophils values were generally not observed
in all the breeds investigated. This result is similar to that of
Njidda et al. (2013).
Platelet count: In the present study, the PLT counts are an
important parameter because their count in the goat blood
cannot be established easily and because of the change
showed during the experimental period in adults. However,
the PLT values of female Boer were higher than those of all
the other breeds. These values were higher than those
reported by Zumbo et al. (2011).
The results presented in this studycontribute to the
knowledge of adaptation process in breeds. A knowledge on
the haematological values for the adults of this species
provides a useful information for the diagnosis and treatment
of some diseases.
CONCLUSION
Based on these findings, breed showed remarkable
influence on the haematological values of goats studied in
Malaysia. The values obtained are comparable to values
recorded elsewhere. A fluctuation exists in all the
haematological parameters of all the breeds of the animals.
However, the cause of the fluctuation in various parameters
may be undetected minor infections, weather extremities,
and management in these areas.
For all values analyzed, KK animals performed
better than other breeds in improving the immune system.
Further selection for improved goats’ quality in Malaysia
should be performed in KK. However, further studies on
goats in Malaysia are required.
4. 1704 INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL RESEARCH
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to acknowledge the invaluable
contribution ofAlhilmi Farm, Slim River, Perak, Malaysia
and the Biology Department, Faculty of Science and
Mathematics, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris in
supporting this study.
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