Ultra-high-field MRS can directly identify molecular markers like IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in gliomas in less than 5 minutes with high sensitivity and specificity. It detected 2-HG in two case studies of patients with gliomas, leading to a diagnosis of IDH2 mutation in one case. Compared to standard 3T MRS, 7T MRS using a double spin echo technique had improved detection of 2-HG. Ultra-high-field MRS provides a non-invasive method for prognostic precision medicine by stratifying and monitoring IDH mutant glioma patients through detection of genetic and metabolic biomarkers.
I International Symposium: Neurobiology and Biomarkers of Brain Aging - Micro...Ana Paula Mendes Silva
I International Symposium: Neurobiology and Biomarkers of Brain Aging - Micro rna in alzheimer’s disease and depression
MicroRNAs that assist in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's and depression
Circulating Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Neurodegenerative Disorders ...QIAGEN
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder. Circulating miRNAs hold great promise in the discovery of non-invasive and novel biomarkers for AD diagnosis and prognosis. This slideshow presents the role of miRNAs in AD and details current progress in biomarker discovery. Various tools for pathway-focused and genome-wide miRNA expression profiling, miRNA functional studies and target identification are also included.
Recent Trends in Genomic Biomarkers - Pepgra HealthcarePEPGRA Healthcare
Cardiovascular disease is a significant health concern worldwide despite having many genomics developments providing valuable new candidates for better biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. The main integration of new technologies promises the discovery and validation of better biomarkers of the presence of cardio disease, its progression, and the response to treatment in this blog. Some of the features are:
1. Analyzing the Gene expression
2. Genome-wide association studies
3. Linkage analysis
4. Wrapping up...
Continue Reading: http://bit.ly/3bqq3Np
Contact us:
UK: +44-1143520021
US/Canada: +1-972-502-9262
India: +91-9884350006
Email id: sales.cro@pepgra.com
Website: www.pepgra.com
I International Symposium: Neurobiology and Biomarkers of Brain Aging - Micro...Ana Paula Mendes Silva
I International Symposium: Neurobiology and Biomarkers of Brain Aging - Micro rna in alzheimer’s disease and depression
MicroRNAs that assist in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's and depression
Circulating Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Neurodegenerative Disorders ...QIAGEN
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder. Circulating miRNAs hold great promise in the discovery of non-invasive and novel biomarkers for AD diagnosis and prognosis. This slideshow presents the role of miRNAs in AD and details current progress in biomarker discovery. Various tools for pathway-focused and genome-wide miRNA expression profiling, miRNA functional studies and target identification are also included.
Recent Trends in Genomic Biomarkers - Pepgra HealthcarePEPGRA Healthcare
Cardiovascular disease is a significant health concern worldwide despite having many genomics developments providing valuable new candidates for better biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. The main integration of new technologies promises the discovery and validation of better biomarkers of the presence of cardio disease, its progression, and the response to treatment in this blog. Some of the features are:
1. Analyzing the Gene expression
2. Genome-wide association studies
3. Linkage analysis
4. Wrapping up...
Continue Reading: http://bit.ly/3bqq3Np
Contact us:
UK: +44-1143520021
US/Canada: +1-972-502-9262
India: +91-9884350006
Email id: sales.cro@pepgra.com
Website: www.pepgra.com
Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy in EGFR and ALK-Positive Lung Cancer:...H. Jack West
This is a presentation I did for a meeting on new general management of acquired resistance in 2014, including the concept of local therapy for limited progression, and new treatment approaches and new agents for this setting. It features discussion of several of the most important trials.
Genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for therapeutic monitoring in neurological ...Pranav Sopory
Seminar held on Genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for therapeutic monitoring in neurological disorders.
Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease.
Biomarkers and epigenetic explained. New epigenetic drug targets.
Co-Chairs Roy S. Herbst, MD, PhD, and Lecia V. Sequist, MD, MPH, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to EGFR-mutated lung cancer for this CME activity titled “New Milestones and Changing Standards of Care in EGFR-Mutated NSCLC: Expanding the Benefits of Genomic Testing and EGFR-Targeted Therapy to Early-Stage Lung Cancer.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/36aVo39. CME credit will be available until March 8, 2022.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Best of ASCO Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung CancerH. Jack West
Dr. Jack West's presentation on highlights in advanced non-small cell lung cancer from ASCO 2014, focusing on new agents ramucirumab and necitumumab for broad NSCLC populations, crizotinib and ceritinib for ALK-positive NSCLC, EGFR inhibitor-options of afatinib and bevacizumab added to erlotinib for first line treatment of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC, and AZD9291 or CO1686 for EGFR mutation-positive patients with acquired resistance.
Anonymised oncology opd records research analysis report (slide share)SB BHATTACHARYYA
An analytical report of anonymised oncology OPD records with free text contents by mapping them to equivalent SNOMED CT expressions and analysing them. Text mining was also done. The purpose of the experiment conducted was to demonstrate the effectiveness of using SNOMED CT to analyse free text data. The results amply demonstrate the robustness of such an approach.
Functional analysis of proteomic biomarkers and targeting glioblastoma stem c...Pasteur_Tunis
Présentation de Radovan Komel réalisée durant le cours du réseau international des instituts Pasteur de "Médecine Génomique: du diagnostic à la thérapie " (17-21 octobre 2016)
2-Hydroxyglutarate MR spectroscopy for prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase...Uzay Emir
Cutting-Edge Advances in Brain Tumor Imaging (2-hydroxyglutarate, IDH mutation Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging) at 3 Tesla (3T) and 7 Tesla (7T)
Noninvasive assessment of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation
2-Hydroxyglutarate MR spectroscopy for prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma
2-Hydroxyglutarate as a Magnetic Resonance Biomarker for Glioma
Detection of oncogenic IDH mutations using magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 2-hydroxyglutarate
metabolomic analysis
RSNA
Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging
FMRIB
Purdue
2-HG IDH1 IDH2 MRS MRSI MRI ultra-high field
CLINICAL ROLE OF MRS QUANTIFICATION OF 2HG IN DIAGNOSIS OF GLIOMAS
Ultra-high-field MRI – Precision Medicine
the clinical application of 7-Tesla imaging
UHF 7T 7Tesla
Semi-LASER, semilaser Slaser
Detection of Cystathionine, 2-Hydroxyglutarate and Citrate in Oligodendroglio...Uzay Emir
The semi-LASER sequence optimized for 2-HG detection with a TE of 110 ms successfullydemonstrated distinct cystathionine peaks in glioma patients with molecularly definedoligodendroglioma (IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted) at 7T. While a prospective, betterpowered study is needed to confirm our observations, we propose that our method has thepotential to allow presurgical stratification of patients with IDH-mutant glioma into those witholigodendrogliomas and astrocytomas; which is of important prognostic significance.
(PDF) Detection of Cystathionine, 2-Hydroxyglutarate and Citrate in Oligodendrogliomas at 7T using Long-TE Semi-LASER. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349575306_Detection_of_Cystathionine_2-Hydroxyglutarate_and_Citrate_in_Oligodendrogliomas_at_7T_using_Long-TE_Semi-LASER [accessed Mar 03 2021].
Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy in EGFR and ALK-Positive Lung Cancer:...H. Jack West
This is a presentation I did for a meeting on new general management of acquired resistance in 2014, including the concept of local therapy for limited progression, and new treatment approaches and new agents for this setting. It features discussion of several of the most important trials.
Genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for therapeutic monitoring in neurological ...Pranav Sopory
Seminar held on Genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for therapeutic monitoring in neurological disorders.
Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease.
Biomarkers and epigenetic explained. New epigenetic drug targets.
Co-Chairs Roy S. Herbst, MD, PhD, and Lecia V. Sequist, MD, MPH, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to EGFR-mutated lung cancer for this CME activity titled “New Milestones and Changing Standards of Care in EGFR-Mutated NSCLC: Expanding the Benefits of Genomic Testing and EGFR-Targeted Therapy to Early-Stage Lung Cancer.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/36aVo39. CME credit will be available until March 8, 2022.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Best of ASCO Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung CancerH. Jack West
Dr. Jack West's presentation on highlights in advanced non-small cell lung cancer from ASCO 2014, focusing on new agents ramucirumab and necitumumab for broad NSCLC populations, crizotinib and ceritinib for ALK-positive NSCLC, EGFR inhibitor-options of afatinib and bevacizumab added to erlotinib for first line treatment of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC, and AZD9291 or CO1686 for EGFR mutation-positive patients with acquired resistance.
Anonymised oncology opd records research analysis report (slide share)SB BHATTACHARYYA
An analytical report of anonymised oncology OPD records with free text contents by mapping them to equivalent SNOMED CT expressions and analysing them. Text mining was also done. The purpose of the experiment conducted was to demonstrate the effectiveness of using SNOMED CT to analyse free text data. The results amply demonstrate the robustness of such an approach.
Functional analysis of proteomic biomarkers and targeting glioblastoma stem c...Pasteur_Tunis
Présentation de Radovan Komel réalisée durant le cours du réseau international des instituts Pasteur de "Médecine Génomique: du diagnostic à la thérapie " (17-21 octobre 2016)
2-Hydroxyglutarate MR spectroscopy for prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase...Uzay Emir
Cutting-Edge Advances in Brain Tumor Imaging (2-hydroxyglutarate, IDH mutation Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging) at 3 Tesla (3T) and 7 Tesla (7T)
Noninvasive assessment of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation
2-Hydroxyglutarate MR spectroscopy for prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma
2-Hydroxyglutarate as a Magnetic Resonance Biomarker for Glioma
Detection of oncogenic IDH mutations using magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 2-hydroxyglutarate
metabolomic analysis
RSNA
Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging
FMRIB
Purdue
2-HG IDH1 IDH2 MRS MRSI MRI ultra-high field
CLINICAL ROLE OF MRS QUANTIFICATION OF 2HG IN DIAGNOSIS OF GLIOMAS
Ultra-high-field MRI – Precision Medicine
the clinical application of 7-Tesla imaging
UHF 7T 7Tesla
Semi-LASER, semilaser Slaser
Detection of Cystathionine, 2-Hydroxyglutarate and Citrate in Oligodendroglio...Uzay Emir
The semi-LASER sequence optimized for 2-HG detection with a TE of 110 ms successfullydemonstrated distinct cystathionine peaks in glioma patients with molecularly definedoligodendroglioma (IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted) at 7T. While a prospective, betterpowered study is needed to confirm our observations, we propose that our method has thepotential to allow presurgical stratification of patients with IDH-mutant glioma into those witholigodendrogliomas and astrocytomas; which is of important prognostic significance.
(PDF) Detection of Cystathionine, 2-Hydroxyglutarate and Citrate in Oligodendrogliomas at 7T using Long-TE Semi-LASER. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349575306_Detection_of_Cystathionine_2-Hydroxyglutarate_and_Citrate_in_Oligodendrogliomas_at_7T_using_Long-TE_Semi-LASER [accessed Mar 03 2021].
Presentation is highlighting the integration of different modalities in the management of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer pointing to the proven values of adding chemotherapy. A special note has been made to oligometastatic disease.
In this work, we demonstrate the sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capabilities of a three-dimensional (3D) dual-echo ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequence with a novel rosette petal trajectory (PETALUTE), in comparison to the 3D density-adapted (DA) radial spokes UTE sequence. #mri #ismrm #msk
3D UTE 31P-MRSI with modified rosette k-space (PETALUTE): Comparison with con...Uzay Emir
Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (31P-MRSI) provides valuable non-invasive in vivo information on tissue metabolism but is burdened by poor sensitivity and prolonged scan duration. Ultra-short echo time (UTE) acquisitions minimize signal loss when probing signals with relatively short spin-spin relaxation time (T2), while also preventing first-order dephasing. Here, a three-dimensional (3D) UTE sequence with a rosette k-space trajectory is applied to 31P-MRSI at 3T. Conventional chemical shift imaging (CSI) employs highly regular Cartesian k-space sampling, susceptible to substantial artifacts when accelerated via undersampling. In contrast, this novel sequence’s “petal-like” pattern offers incoherent sampling more suitable for compressed sensing (CS). These results showcase the competitive performance of UTE rosette 31P-MRSI against conventional weighted CSI with simulation, phantom, and in vivo leg muscle comparisons.
Modified Rosette PETALUTE for preclinical imagingUzay Emir
We have demonstrated a sequence, PETALUTE, for clinical and preclinical high (3T) and ultra-high fields (>7T) scanners.
The modified Rosette kspace dual-echo Acquisition/ PETALUTE strategy could further enhance integrated and translational research studies to understand human and non-human complex structures and physiologies better.
While Phosphorous (31P) MRS (I) has been promising in experimental and clinical settings since the early 70s, it has been beset by prohibitively lower sensitivity, limited spectral-spatial resolution, and prolonged acquisition. This manuscript and proceedings of the annual scientific meeting of ISMRM in 2022 (REF1) and 2023 (REF2) demonstrate that our novel acquisition strategy, the novel Rosette Trajectory for fast and flexible MR(S)I contrast (Shen et al. 2023 (REF3), later we renamed it as PETALUTE after the translation to the preclinical scanners of 7T and 9.4T), enables operator-independent (1) rapid acquisition (~7 minutes), (2) reconstruction, and (3) processing pipeline, resulting in phosphorous metabolite ratio maps (10 x 10 x 10 mm3) of the whole brain.
In response to the “Repeat it with Me” challenge organized by the Reproducible Research study group of ISMRM, we demonstrated the power of this technique in 5 healthy volunteers at three different institutions with different experimental setups (2nd Place: UTE 31P 3D Rosette MRSI Reproducibility Team, REF4). Since the proposed acquisition/reconstruction/processing pipeline was operator/scanner/coil-independent, the Reproducer sub-teams successfully replicated the findings of the original proceeding in 2022 (REF1). As part of this challenge, we provided some MATLAB scripts and k-space data to reproduce some of the results described in this manuscript. The software and data can be downloaded from https://purr.purdue.edu/projects/ismrm31pmrsi.
These results will likely be of broad interest across clinical settings since the proposed acquisition strategy is not specific to any region, nuclei, or magnetic field and is operator-independent. This study's resolution and signal-to-noise ratios permit the metabolite maps in an experimentally and clinically feasible timeframe at 3 Tesla and 7T.
REF1 Bozymski B, Shen X, Ozen AC, Ibey S, Chiew M, Thomas A, Dydak U, Emir UE. Ultra-Short Echo Time 31P 3D MRSI at 3T with Novel Rosette k-space Trajectory. Proceedings 30th Scientific Meeting, International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2022.
REF2 Farley N, Bozymski B, Dydak U, Emir UE*. Fast 3D 31P MRSI Using Novel Rosette Petal Trajectory at 3T with x4 Accelerated Compressed Sensing. Proceedings 31st Scientific Meeting, International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2023.
REF3 Shen X, Özen AC, Sunjar A, Ilbey S, Sawiak S, Shi R, Chiew M, Emir UE. Ultrashort T2 components imaging of the whole brain using 3D dual-echo UTE MRI with rosette k-space pattern. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2023;89(2):508–521.
REF4 https://challenge.ismrm.org/2023-24-reproducibility-challenge/results-22-23/
Rosette Applications (MRI and MRSI) at UHF human (7T) and animal scanners (9....Uzay Emir
MRI
MRSI
LEAF
PETAL
EGG
ROSETTE
MRI
siemens
bruker
his study aimed to develop a new 3D dual-echo rosette k-space trajectory, specifically for applications of ultra-short echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The direct imaging of the myelin bilayer, which has ultra-short transverse relaxation time (uT2), was acquired to test the performance of the proposed UTE sequence.
Theory and Methods The rosette trajectory was developed based on rotations of a ‘petal-like’ pattern in the kx-ky plane, with oscillated extensions in kz-direction for 3D coverage. Five healthy volunteers were recruited and underwent ten dual-echo rosette UTE scans with varied echo times (TEs). Dual-exponential model fitting was performed to separate uT2 signals, with the output of uT2 fraction, uT2 value and long T2 value.
Results The reconstructed images’ signal contrast between white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) increased with longer TEs. The WM regions had higher uT2 fraction values than GM (10.9%±1.9% vs. 5.7%±2.4%). The uT2 value was about 0.12 milliseconds in WM.
Conclusion The higher uT2 fraction value in WM compared to GM demonstrated the ability of the proposed sequence to capture rapidly decaying signals.
UTE 31P 3D Rosette MRSI reproducibility Team has demonstrated the Reproducibility of the method. The method has been challenged on #siemenshealthineers PET-MRI (mMR) and Prisma 3T scanners.ISMRM #spectroscopy ISMRM ChallengeISMRM RAPID Biomedical
https://lnkd.in/gnjCHtu2
Submillimeter fMRI Acquisition using a dual-echo Rosette kspace trajectory at 3TUzay Emir
n this study, we overcome the technological barrier against acquiring submillimeter resolution (~ 0.5 mm) fMRI data at 3T via a novel dual-echo Rosette k-space design. This design results in the fine representation of activation maps in two different functional tasks and might be a springboard in neuroimaging by providing very high-resolution spatiotemporal dynamics of neural networks. The method will be further evolved with the feedback from the MRI community via the GitHub platform as such for further acceleration, inflow saturation, and 3D coverage via 3D sampling and/or multiband approaches.
3D-UTE Rosette MRI and MRSI at UHF human (7T) and animal scanners (9.4T) usin...Uzay Emir
#ismrm #ISMRM2022 #ISMRM22
3D-UTE Rosette Applications (MRI and MRSI) at UHF human (7T) and animal scanners (9.4T) using The Berkeley Advanced Reconstruction Toolbox (BART) toolbox
Uzay Emir
Afternoon Tea with BART
Time: 15:45-16:45
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
Ultra-High-Field 1H MRS as a Prognostic Precision Medicine Biomarker Detection System for Gliomas
1. Ultra-High-Field 1H
MRS as a
Prognostic
Precision Medicine
Biomarker
Detection System
for Gliomas
Uzay E Emir
• School of Health Sciences and Weldon
School of Biomedical Engineering,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN,
United States
• uemir@purdue.edu
3. New Molecular
& Genetic
Information
(IDH1 and IDH2
mutations or
1p/19q
codeletion)
Diagnostic Imaging
• Improved diagnostic
accuracy
• Improved
prognostication
• Improved
preoperative planning
4. Standardized brain
tumor MRI protocol
• 3-dimensional (3-D) T1,
• Axial fluid-attenuated inversion
recovery (FLAIR),
• Axial diffusion-weighted imaging
(DWI),
• Axial gadolinium contrast-
enhanced T2,
• 3-D gadolinium contrast-
enhanced T1,
• Performed on a
minimum 1.5 tesla
MR system.
Johnson et al, RadioGraphics 2017
General Case
Specific Case
Ellingson et al Neuro-Oncology 2015
Layered Diagnosis
Molecular Status
IDH1 and IDH2 mutations or
1p/19q codeletion
ISN-Haarlem Brain Tumor Classification
Guidelines Brain Pathology, 2014
5. Diagnostic
Imaging of
Gliomas via
MRI
• Recent literature
suggests that
• 1p/19q codeletion
• IDH
may also be assessable
by MR imaging
These are all less directly
identifications
of IDH mutation or 1p/19q
codeletion
FLAIR for 1p/19q status
Lasocki, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , 2018
ADC for IDH status,
Villanueva-Meyer, American Journal of
Roentgenology 2018
23NA, sodium, MRI,
Regnery, NeuroImage: Clinical 2020
6. Molecular Status: Direct identification 1
Roles of wt/IDH1/2/3 and some of the potential multiple
effects of IDH mutation
Schofield Lab, Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2020
5 - 35
mM
2-HG
Gold
Standard
Dang L Nature. 2009
7. Molecular Status: Direct identification 2 (non-invasive)
Roles of wt/IDH1/2/3 and some of the potential multiple
effects of IDH mutation
8. Molecular Status: Direct identification
via 3 Tesla MRI
Short TE: Pope, J NeuroonNat Medcol, 2012
Editing: Andronesi, Sci Transl Med, 2012
Long TE: Choi, Nat Med, 2012
Improved 2-Hydroxyglutarate Detection at 3T via
Double Spin Echo Adiabatic Localization
SEMI-LASER with a TE of 110 ms
Berrington, Tomography, 2016, Steel Scientific Reports, 2018 and Li, Radiology, 2020
Spatial Distribution of 2-HG
9. Clinical Need
1p/19q codeletion and
IDH status can be
assessable by MR imaging
The need for MRS?
The need for Ultra-High-Field MRS?
12. The need for
Ultra-High-Field
MRS
A Prognostic Precision Medicine
Biomarker Detection System
Precision medicine strategies
• Tailoring therapies,
• Delivering more effective treatments,
whilst avoiding or reducing adverse
outcomes
v Identify
v Stratifying,
v Monitoring IDH1 and IDH2 mutant
glioma patients
13. Improved 2-
Hydroxyglutarate
Detection at 7 Tesla
via Double Spin Echo
Adiabatic Localization
SEMI-LASER with a
TE of 110 ms
Long TE: Emir, Cancer Research 2016
IDH1 (n = 15), IDH2 (n = 5) and IDH (n=7) -ve
14. Lazovic et al.(2012), fig. 3c
TR/TE = 4000/6.9 ms;
number of averages=512; VOI = 3 mL
IDH1 R132H
TR/TE = 5000/110 ms;
number of averages=4; VOI = 8 mL
tCho
tCr
Glu
tNAA
Lac
2-HG
16. Final Diagnosis: Oligodendroglioma (WHO
grade 2)
IHC: -ve, DNA Sequencing: IDH2 R172W
2-HG
Lactate
Prediction of UHF MRS IDH2
1st biopsy: not conclusive
Then, total resection
SEMI-LASER TE of 110 ms,
Total Acquisition: 5 minutes
17. Case 2
2-HG Lactate
Prediction of UHF MRS: IDH2
Final Diagnosis: N/A
SEMI-LASER TE of 110 ms,
Total Acquisition: 5 minutes
30. Summary
• Improved Sensitivity and Specificity at UHF
• Subtype genetic mutations in Gliomas
• Subcellular compartmentalization of the genetic mutations
• Detecting 2-HG is insufficient to predict the clinical response of IDH mutant
patients (Amatangelo,Blood, 2017), Accurate Measurement associated
metabolites is crucial.
• In vivo UHF 1H MRS data via metabolomics approaches
• not only reveal insights into the underlying metabolic pathways
of tumorigenesis,
• but also monitor the pharmacodynamics and the identification of
new pharmacological targets of anti-cancer treatments.
31.
32. Thank you so much
Oxford University
• Irene Tracey
• Heidi Johansen-Berg
• Olaf Ansorge
• Natalie Voets
• Puneet Plaha
• Christopher Schofield
• Thomas Cadoux-Hudson
• James Mccullagh
• Peter Jezzard
Acibadem University,
Turkey
• Alp Dincer