Gender differences in schizophrenia
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Assistant Professor Katy Thakkar presents her latest research in Gender differences in schizophrenia at the Gender Matters interdisciplinary forum on February 26, 2016
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Gender differences in schizophrenia
- 1. Gender differences in schizophrenia Katy Thakkar, Ph.D. Gender Matters in Biomedicine Forum February 26, 2016
- 2. Salomon et al (2012) Lancet, 380: 61680-8. Schizophrenia Chronic and severe brain disorder Affects approximately 21 million individuals worldwide Associated with highest disability weight Positive symptoms Hallucinations Delusions Thought disorder Negative symptoms Lack of pleasure Flat affect Low motivation
- 3. Aleman et al. (2003) Archives of General Psychiatry, 60: 565-571. Gender differences in risk Greater disease risk in men Male excessFemale excess ~1.4 incidence risk ratio for men versus women Cannot rule out differences in help- seeking behavior Not observed in developing countries Possible differences in disease severity that lead schizophrenia to go unrecognized in women
- 4. Häfner et al. (1993) Psychological Medicine, 23: 925-940. Stevens (2002) American Journal of Psychiatry, 159: 713-719. Gender differences in age of onset Most robust gender difference is age of onset Onset of schizophrenia is ~3-4 years later in women, not accounted for by help-seeking behavior Post- menopausal peak in women Suggests relationship between the disorder and changes taking place during adolescence
- 5. Sex differences in presentation Men have more severe negative symptoms Gur et al. (1996) Schizophrenia Research, 21: 1-12.
- 6. Stevens (2002) American Journal of Psychiatry, 159: 713-719. (Review) Kulkarni et al (2012) Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 25: 89-95. (Review) Protective effect of estrogen? Reduced disease risk, later illness onset and post- menopausal peak attributed to protective effects of estrogen Protective effect of estrogen Estrogen has effects on D2, NMDA and GABA receptors in rats Estrogen therapy shows positive effects in both men and women Schizophrenia symptoms, but not depressive symptoms, are associated with estrogen levels and vary over the menstrual cycle in women
Editor's Notes
- I’m sure most of you are already familiar, but schizophrenia is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that affects about 21 million individuals worldwide and the human and economic costs of the illness are tremendous. In fact, in the most recent Global Burden of Disease study, acute schizophrenia was ranked as the disease with the highest disability weight. Schizophrenia is a heterogenous illness and is diagnosed based on the presence of positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms are marked by the excess or distortion of normal behavior. These include hallucinations, delusions, and grossly disordered thought. Negative symptoms, on the other hand, are the absence of normal behavior and include lack of pleasure, low motivation, and flat affect. Although not part of the diagnostic criteria, have gross cognitive deficits too.
- Peak in adolescence hints at the involvement of sex hormones
- Peak in adolescence hints at the involvement of sex hormones
- Peak in adolescence hints at the involvement of sex hormones